1. Raunak Shrestha

2. • Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), as their inhibit tumor
development; if both copies of the gene receive
inactivating mutations, the suppressive action is
switched off and tumor growth is promoted.
• Oncogenes promote cancer growth when sufficient
signal is achieved.
• Haploinsufficiency describes a genetic relationship in a
diploid organism in which loss of one copy of a gene
causes a phenotype.
• The converse is triplosensitivity, in which an additional
copy of a gene produces a phenotype.

4. OG TSG Neutral
Gene
50 50 10917
CGC
database
Training Set
PolyPhen2
HiFI LoFI
High Functional
Impact
Low Functional
Impact

5. Silent mutations/kb*
Total N Missense mutations
Total N LOF mutations
Total N of Splicing mutations
Missense mutations/kb*
LOF mutations/kb*
Entropy score for missense mutations
LOF/Silent ratio
Splicing/Silent ratio
Missense/Silent ratio
HiFi missense/LoFI missense ratio
LOF/Benign ratio
Splicing/Benign ratio
Missense/Benign ratio
HiFi missense/Benign ratio
Average PolyPhen2 score for missense
LOF/Total Mutations
Missense/Total Mutations
Splicing/Total Mutations
LOF/Missense mutations
High-level Deletion frequency
High-level Amplification frequency
22 Features
Training Set
OG TSG
Neutral
Gene
50 50 10917
CGC
database
Tumor Suppressor and Oncogene Explorer (TUSON Explorer)

9. General Properties of Cancer Drivers

10. A Continuum of Cancer Driver Genes

11. An Unusually High Concentration of TSGs on the X Chromosome

12. Distribution and Potency of Cancer Drivers on Chromosomes
Predict Arm and Chromosome SCNA Frequencies

13. Distribution and Potency of Cancer Drivers on Chromosomes
Predict Arm and Chromosome SCNA Frequencies

14. Distribution and Potency of Cancer Drivers on Chromosomes
Predict Arm and Chromosome SCNA Frequencies

15. Models of Cancer Evolution

16. Models of Cancer Evolution