Study and Performance Analysis of FACTS-incorporated Transmission Line
•Als PPTX, PDF herunterladen•
4 gefällt mir•655 views
Here is the outline of our presentation. First we will discuss the basic concept and objectives of FACTS. Then we will see the types of FACTS and their benefits. Finally we will be presenting the results of the model we have used with series, shunt compensator as well as static var compensator.
Empfohlen
Empfohlen
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Was ist angesagt?
Was ist angesagt? (20)
Andere mochten auch
Andere mochten auch (20)
Ähnlich wie Study and Performance Analysis of FACTS-incorporated Transmission Line
Ähnlich wie Study and Performance Analysis of FACTS-incorporated Transmission Line (20)
Kürzlich hochgeladen
Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)
Study and Performance Analysis of FACTS-incorporated Transmission Line
- 1. Study and Performance Analysis of FACTS-incorporated Transmission Line Presented By Shahadat Hossain Rashed, ID: 021-113-065 MD Sahbaz Sahria Iqbal Suzon, ID: 021-121-016 Abu Sayed Md Rizvi, ID: 021-121-067 MD. Shakwhat Hossain, ID: 021-113-031 Supervised By Mohammad Wahiduzzaman Khan
- 2. CONTENTS • Concept of FACTS and General System • Objectives of FACTS • Benefits of FACTS Technology • Types of FACTS Controllers • Transmission line Parameters & Design of FACTS Controllers • Conclusion • References
- 3. General System • Designed to operate efficiently • Various load centers with high reliability • Located at distant locations • Environmental and safety reasons
- 4. FACTS • Composed of static equipment • Enhance controllability • Increase power transfer capability • Loaded up to its full thermal limit • Power electronics-based system FACTS device and project of substation
- 5. Background Of FACTS • The shunt-connected Static VAR Compensator was first demonstrated in Nebraska in 1974 • The first series connected Controller, NGH-SSR Damping Scheme, invented in 1984 (Demonstrated in California) • Co-author Hingorani and Gyugyi has been at the forefront of such advanced ideas Nebraskaa California
- 6. Objectives Of FACTS • Solve Power Transfer Limit & Stability Problems • Increase (control) power transfer capability of a line • Mitigate sub synchronous resonance • Power quality improvement • Load compensation • Limit short circuit current • Increase the load ability of the system
- 7. Benefits of FACTS Technology • Environmental benefit • Increased stability • Increased quality of supply • Flexibility and uptime • Financial benefit • Reduced maintenance cost
- 8. Overview Of System Source or Generation House Industry Load Series Compens ation Shunt Compens ation Transmiss ion Line FACTS Intelligence System
- 9. Types of FACTS Controllers FC FC FC FC FC Series Controllers Line Line Shunt Controllers DC Link FC Line Combined series-series Controllers Combined series-shunt Controllers Line
- 10. FACTS Controllers • Series controllers such as TCSC, TCPST and TCVR • Shunt controllers such as SVC and STATCOM • Combined series-shunt controllers such as UPFC FACTS devices: (a) SVC. (b) TCVR. (c) TCSC. (d) TCPST. (e) UPFC.
- 11. Effects of FACTS devices on variables in active power flow equation.
- 12. Series Controllers • Variable impedance (capacitor, Inductor) To control • Frequency • Subsynchonous and • Harmonic frequencies • Inject a voltage • Supplies or consumes reactive power • Control of both active and reactive power Basic module of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor
- 13. Series Controllers • Current control • Damping Oscillations • Transient and Dynamic stability • Voltage stability • Fault current limiting • 𝑍𝑒𝑞 = (𝑗 1 ω𝐶 )||(𝑗𝜔𝐿) = −𝑗 1 𝜔𝐶− 1 𝜔𝐿 [𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑍𝑒𝑞] • If (ωc − 1 ωL )> 0; The combined reactance is Capacitive. • If (ωc − 1 ωL )< 0; The combined reactance is Inductive.
- 14. Shunt compensation • Variable impedance (capacitor, Inductor) • Inject a current • Consumes reactive power • Involves control of both active and reactive power • Improves system stabilities and pf
- 15. FACTS Implemented On a Model Specification: • Line is 350 Km (218.75 mile) • Conductor Mallard (ACSR) • Flat horizontal Spacing is 7.25 m (23.8 ft) • Frequency is 50 Hz • Receiving end voltage is 230KV • Receiving end Power is 138.45MW • Power Factor is 1 (100%) 𝐷𝑒𝑞 =3 𝐷12 𝐷23 𝐷31= 3 23.8 ∗ 23.8 ∗ 2 ∗ 23.8= 30.0 ft Short = less than about 80 km (50 mile) long Medium = 80 km to 240 km (150 mile) long Long = longer than 240 km long
- 16. Calculation of Transmission line Parameters (R, L & C) Resistance (R) • R60 = 0.127 Ω/mile • R50 = 0.127× 50 60 = 0.1058 Ω/mile = 0.65897Ω/km Inductance (L) • XL60 = (Xa+ Xd) = (0.393 + 0.4127) = 0.8057 Ω/mile • XL50 = 0.8057× 50 60 = 0.6714 Ω/mile = 0.41702 Ω/km • L50 = 𝑋 𝐿50 2𝜋𝑓 = 1.33 × 10−3 𝐻/𝑘𝑚 Capacitance (C) • XC60 = (Xa+ Xd) = (0.0904 + 0.1009) = 0.1913 Ω/mile • XC50 = 0.1913 × 60 50 = 0.2296 Ω/mile = 0.1435 Ω/km • C50 = 1 2𝜋𝑓×𝑋 𝐶50 = 8.57 × 10−9 𝐹/𝑘𝑚
- 17. Performance of Resistive Load without Compensation
- 18. Performance of Series Compensation with Resistive Load
- 19. Performance of Shunt Compensation with Resistive Load
- 20. Results 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 250 ReceivingEndVoltage(KV)) Load (MW) Receiving End Voltage (KV) vs Resistive Load (MW) Uncompensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with Resistive Load Series Compensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with Resistive Load Shunt Compensated Receiving Voltage (KV) with Resistive Load
- 21. Results 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 250 SendingEndpf Load (MW) Sending End pf vs Resistive Load (MW) Uncompensated Sending End pf with Resistive Load Series Compensated Sending End pf with Resistive Load Shunt Compensated Sending End pf with Resistive Load
- 22. Performance of Resistive and Inductive Load without Compensation
- 23. Performance of Series Compensation with Resistive and Inductive Load
- 24. Performance of Shunt Compensation with Resistive and Inductive Load
- 25. Results 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 250 ReceivingEndVoltage(KV) Load (MW) Recieving End Voltage (KV) vs R-L Load (MW) Uncompensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with R-L Load Series Compensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with R-L Load Shunt Compensated Receiving End Voltage (KV) with R-L Load
- 26. Results 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 25 50 75 100 125 138.45 150 175 200 225 250 RecievingEndpf Load (MW) Recieving End pf vs R-L Load (MW) Uncompensated Sending End pf with R-L Load Series Compensated Sending End pf with R-L Load Shunt Compensated Sending pf with R-L Load
- 27. Static Var Compensator • Operate at both inductive and capacitive compensation • The device provides reactive power • In capacitive case it absorbs reactive power
- 29. Transmission line parameters From To Resistance per Km Reactance per Km Bus 1A Bus 2A 0.066 0.52 Bus 1A Bus 2B 0.066 0.52 Bus 2A Bus 3A 0.066 0.52 Bus 2A Bus 3B 0.066 0.52 Bus 2B Bus 3C 0.066 0.52 Bus 2B Bus 3D 0.066 0.52 Bus 3A Bus 4A 0.066 0.52 Bus 3B Bus 4B 0.066 0.52 Bus 3C Bus 4C 0.066 0.52 Bus 3D Bus 4D 0.066 0.52 Transformer parameters Transformer Primary Voltage (KV) Secondary Voltage (KV) MVA Trans 1 11 230 5 Trans 2 11 230 5 Trans 3 230 0.230 200 Trans 4 230 0.230 100 Trans 5 230 0.230 50 Trans 6 230 0.230 25
- 30. Results of Load Flow
- 31. Results 98.6 98.8 99 99.2 99.4 99.6 99.8 100 100.2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 VoltageProfile(%) Bus Number Voltage Profile Improvement by SVC Without SVC Voltage Profile (%) With SVC Voltage Profile (%)
- 32. Results 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Activepower(KW) Bus Number Performance Active Power Without SVC Active power (KW) With SVC Active power (KW)
- 33. The benefits of SVC to power transmission • Stabilized voltages in weak systems • Reduced transmission losses • Increased transmission capacity, to reduce, defer or eliminate the need for new lines • Higher transient stability limit • Increased damping of minor disturbances • Greater voltage control and stability • Better adjustment of line loadings
- 34. Conclusion • Application of power electronics • Makes a system ‘flexible’ • Play important role in active and reactive power control • Helps to improve the capacity of an existing system • Improve the power quality and stability • The most viable and secure option to meet the power demand optimally.
- 35. Reference • Facts controllers in power transmission and distribution by k. R. Padiyar • Understanding FACTS: concepts and technology of flexible AC transmission systems by Narain G. Hingorani, Laszlo Gyugyi. • Flexible Ac Transmission Systems (FACTS) by Yong-Hua Song, Allan Johns • IET Generation, Transmission, and Distribution “Long-term economic model for allocation of FACTS devices in restructured power systems integrating wind generation” by Akram Elmitwally, Abdelfattah Eladi, John Morrow • FACTS: Modelling and Simulation in Power Networks by John Wiley & Sons • W.N. Chang and C.J. Wu, “Developing static reactive power compensator in a power system” ,IEEE Trans. on Power Systems • K.R. Padiyar and R.K. Varma, “Damping torque analysis of static VAR system controllers”, • N.G. Hingorani , “Flexible ac transmission”, • Power Semiconductor Devices and Circuits, Brown Boveri symposia series, Baden Datettwil • Proposed terms and definitions for flexible AC transmission system(FACTS). • Hingorani, N.G., "High Power Electronics and Flexible AC Transmission System • L. Gyugyi, IEE Proceedings C, Generation, Transmission and Distribution 139(4), 323 (1992). • Y.-H. Song, T. A. Johns, Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS. • Transmission System Application Requirements for FACTS Controllers, A Special Publication for SystemPlanners.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Assalamualaikum, good morning, welcome to our presentation. Our presensation topic is Study and Performance Analysis of FACTS-incorporated Transmission Line. I am Abu Sayed Md Rizvi, and my group members are Shahadat Hossain Rashed, Md Shahbaz Sahria Iqbal Suzon and MD. Shakwhat Hossain.
- Here is the outline of our presentation. First we will discuss the basic concept and objectives of FACTS. Then we will see the types of FACTS and their benefits. Finally we will be presenting the results of the model we have used with series, shunt compensator as well as static var compensator.
- Now I can talk general system of facts Modern power systems are designed to operate efficiently. To supply power on demand to various load centers with high reliability The generating stations are often located at distant locations for economic, environmental and safety reasons. Modern power systems are designed to operate efficiently. To supply power on demand to various load centers with high reliability The generating stations are often located at distant locations for economic, environmental and safety reasons.
- FACTS ……. WHAT IS FACTS? FACTS or A flexible alternating current transmission system is a system composed of static equipment Used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. It is meant to enhance controllability And increase power transfer capability of the network. A line can be loaded up to its full thermal limit by FACTs It is generally a power electronics-based system. *Static equipment are stationary equipment which are non moving but help in many process operations. Generally, static equipment are those having no moving parts, such as a capacitor bank or a inductor bank. A flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipment Used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. It is meant to enhance controllability And increase power transfer capability of the network. A line can be loaded up to its full thermal limit by FACTs It is generally a power electronics-based system. A flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipment used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. It is meant to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability of the network. It is generally a power electronics-based system. Benefits of FACTS such as Increase of transfer of power without adding new transmission line, transmission cost is minimized, Smooth steady state and dynamic control, Active damping of power oscillations, Increase of reliability, Improvement of system stability and voltage control.
- Notable among these is the shunt-connected Static VAR Compensator (SVC) for voltage control which was first demonstrated in Nebraska and commercialized by GE in 1974 and by Westinghouse in Minnesota in 1975. The first series connected Controller, NGH-SSR Damping Scheme, invented by co-author Hingorani, a low power series capacitor impedance control scheme, was demonstrated in California by Siemens in 1984. As indicated earlier, the limitations imposed by the sub synchronous resonance (SSR) on the use of series capacitors prompted considerable development effort to find an effective method for the damping of subsynchronous oscillations. In 1981 N. G. Hingorani proposed a thyristor-controlled damping scheme for series capacitors (see Chapter 9 for NGH Damper), which has been proven to provide effective SSR mitigation.
- FACTS are used to - 1. Solve Power Transfer Limit & Stability Problems 2. Increase (control) power transfer capability of a line 2. Mitigate sub synchronous resonance (SSR) 3. Improve power quality 4. Load compensation 5. Limit short circuit current 6. Increase the load ability of the system Now we are going for next slide Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is a condition that can exist in a power system, especially for long-distance. transmission systems with series compensated line. It can cause shaft fatigue and possible damage or failure. of the generator involved. The resonance between a series-capacitor-compensated electric system and the mechanical spring-mass system of a turbine-generator at subsynchronous frequencies, that is, at frequencies that are less than the synchronous frequency. 1. Solve Power Transfer Limit & Stability Problems 2. Increase (control) power transfer capability of a line 2. Mitigate sub synchronous resonance (SSR) 3. Power quality improvement 4. Load compensation 5. Limit short circuit current 6. Increase the load ability of the system
- Benefits of FACTS 1. Environmental benefit 2. Increased stability 3. Increased quality of supply 4. Flexibility and uptime 5. Financial benefit 6. Reduced maintenance cost etc lets go our next slide
- Here is an overview FACTS in power system. for this figure here is a source or generation side and a 3-phase transmission line and we can install fact devices in transmission line for improved power transfer limit & system stability and the load side is the receiving side of this system. Now, next part will describe my group partner Sahbaz Sahria Iqbal Suzon.
- Types of FACTS Controllers: there are various type of facts controllers Series Controllers Shunt Controllers Combined series-series Controllers Combined series-shunt Controllers lets move next slide A DC link is a connection which connects a rectifier and an inverter. These links are found in converter circuits. The AC supply of a specific frequency is converted into DC. This DC, in turn, is converted into AC voltage. The DC link is the connection between these two circuits. The DC link usually has a capacitor known as the DC link Capacitor. This capacitor is connected in parallel between the positive and the negative conductors. The DC capacitor helps prevent the transients from the load side from going back to the distributor side. It also serves to smoothen the pulses in the rectified DC. Series Controllers Shunt Controllers Combined series-series Controllers Combined series-shunt Controllers
- Now we see Different types of FACTS devices have been developed and used in power systems. the following categories: • Series controllers such as TCSC, TCPST and TCVR • Shunt controllers such as SVC and STATCOM • Combined series-shunt controllers such as UPFC. here some basic diagram of facts devices fig.(a) is SVC fig(b) is TCVR, fig© is TCSC, fig(d) is TCPST, fig(e) is UPFC Different types of FACTS devices have been developed and used in power systems. Based on the type of compensation, we could have the following categories: • Series controllers such as TCSC, TCPST and TCVR • Shunt controllers such as SVC and STATCOM • Combined series-shunt controllers such as UPFC. Each FACTS device in the above categories has its own properties and could be used for a specific goal. The mathematical models of our five FACTS devices, presented in Fig. 1, are explained briefly below. FACTS devices: (a) SVC. (b) TCVR. (c) TCSC. (d) TCPST. (e) UPFC.
- Each FACTS device has its own properties and could be used for a specific goal. The mathematical models of our five FACTS devices, presented in Figure Here svc & tcvr depends on voltage and tcsc depends on reactance and tcpst depends on phase angle and at last upfc depends on voltage ,reactance & phase angle. lets see next slides
- Now I am telling about series controllers It could be a variable impedance, such as capacitor, inductor. using series controllers we can control frequency , Subsynchonous and Harmonic frequencies, voltage control, active and reactive power are both control etc. here is the basic diagram of TCSC CONTROLLER .TCSC is a capacitive reactance compensator ,which consists of a series capacitor bank shunted by a thyristor – controlled reactor in order to provide a smoothly variable series capacitive reactance. Lets move next slide A Controlled shunt reactor (CSR) is a variable inductance, smoothly regulated by magnetic biasing of ferromagnetic elements of magnetic circuit. It could be a variable impedance, such as capacitor, reactor, or a power electronic based variable source of main frequency, subsynchonous and harmonic frequencies to serve the desired need. Inject a voltage in series with the line . If the voltage is in phase quadrature with the current, controller supplies or consumes reactive power. Any other phase, involves control of both active and reactive power. TCSC is a capacitive reactance compensator ,which consists of a series capacitor bank shunted by a thyristor – controlled reactor in order to provide a smoothly variable series capacitive reactance.
- Benefits of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor 1. Current control 2. Damping Oscillations 3. Transient and Dynamic stability 4. Voltage stability 5. Fault current limiting There is a simple diagram of series controllers .where a capacitor is connected to an inductor in parallel. From this Zeq equation we see if denominator part is greater than zero this combined reactance is capacitive and if denominator part is less than zero this combined reactance is inductive. Transient Stability involves the study of the power system following a major disturbance. Following a large disturbance the synchronous alternator the machine power (load) angle changes due to sudden acceleration of the rotor shaft. The ability of a synchronous power system to return to stable condition and maintain its synchronism following a relatively large disturbance arising from very general situations like switching 'on' and 'off' of circuit elements, or clearing of faults etc. is referred to as the transient stability in power system. Benefits of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor 1. Current control 2. Damping Oscillations 3. Transient and Dynamic stability 4. Voltage stability 5. Fault current limiting
- We see shunt compensation It could be a variable impedance (capacitor ,inductor , etc.) or a power electronic based variable source or combination of both . Inject a current in the system. If the current is in phase quadrature with the voltage, controller supplies or consumes reactive power. Any other phase, involves control of both active and reactive power. It could be a variable impedance (capacitor ,reactor , etc.) or a power electronic based variable source or combination of both . Inject a current in the system. If the current is in phase quadrature with the voltage, controller supplies or consumes reactive power. Any other phase, involves control of both active and reactive power.
- Short = less than about 80 km (50 mile) long Medium = 80 km to 240 km (150 mile) long Long = longer than 240 km long Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) Cables Alcan Cable manufactures a full line of ACSR cables which are used in overhead transmission and distribution line applications. Alcan offers various conductor designs and steel core coatings to address your application requirements.
- Here is how we have calculated the line parameters. That is the resistance, capacitance and inductance per unit length. We have got the data from the table of the book – POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS by stevenson. We converted the parameters from 60hz to 50hz for our power system.
- [[Thank you Sahbaz Sahria Iqbal Suzon, I am Md.Shakwhat Hossain and my ID is 021113031: Here we can see that,from LHS source,our model Tr line and Load which. We have used resistive load in this diagram. We also see the measuring units ,these measuring units measure the voltage, currents,pf,P,Q, and S for both receiving and sending end.
- Here, The Tr line which is series compensated that means capacitor is added with the line. The green box contains the series compensation blocks. Here the load is Resistive.
- This is the figure of shunt compensation for resistive load. Here we see the blocks of shunt compensation devices are connected in parallel with the lines.
- Now to understand the charateristics of the Transmission line and effect of the series and shunt compensation on line we have to understand the bar chart. This chart is Resistive Load vs receiving end voltage. Blue bars indicate uncompensated receiving end voltage,Red bars indicate series compensated receiving end voltage and green bars indicate shunt compensated receiving end voltage. We have varied the load from 25 to 250 and seen the characteristics of the line.In case of light load the receiving voltage is high due to Ferranti effect, but when heavy load the voltage is fall down from our desired voltage.To stablize the voltage, we apply 2 types of compensation, red is series and green is shunt. Now we are going to next slide.
- Lets see how the pf of line varies. when light load and compensation is apply the pf is leading so very poor pf. But in case of heavy load the pf is improved. From the chart we can see that shunt compensated pf is very good (almost unity ) compare to uncompensated and series compensated.
- In this diagram, we have used resistive-inductive load instead of resistive load which was described in the previous slide.
- In this slide, the diagram is almost similar compare to previous figure,but there is RL load.
- This is for RL load which is shunt compensated.
- This chart shows Resistive Load vs receiving end voltage. Blue bars indicate uncompensated receiving end voltage,Red bars indicate series compensated receiving end voltage and green bars indicate shunt compensated receiving end voltage. We have varied the load from 25 to 250 and seen the characteristics of the line.In case of light load the receiving voltage is high due to Ferranti effect, but when heavy load the voltage is fall down from our desired voltage.To stablize the voltage, we apply 2 types of compensation, red is series and green is shunt.
- Lets see how the pf of line varies. when light load and compensation is apply the pf is leading so very poor pf. But in case of heavy load the pf is improved. From the chart we can see that shunt compensated pf is very good (almost unity ) compare to uncompensated and series compensated. Now, next part will describe my group partner Shahadat Hossain Rashed.
- [[Thank you Md.Shakwhat Hossain, I am Shahadat Hossain Rashed and my ID is 021113065: I am here to discuss the Static Var Compensator. This is a basic circuit diagram of Static Var Compensator. Second one is thyristor controlled reactor (TCR: Thyristor Controlled Reactor for linear injection of inductive reactive power), third one is thyristor switched capacitor (TSC: Thyristor Switched Capacitor for stepwise injection of capacitive reactive power), fourth one is harmonic filter (Filter: Tuned filter capacitor for fixed capacitive reactive power and harmonic filtering) and first one and last one are mechanically switched reactor and capacitor used for same scheme like TCR and TSC, this method is suitable for steady load condition where reactive power requirement are predictable. SVC can operate for both inductive and capacitive compensation.]] SVC ( Static Var Compensator ) can operate at both inductive and capacitive compensation. In inductive case, the device provides reactive power and in capacitive case it absorbs reactive power. The SVC is modeled by a shunt susceptance which includes two ideal switched elements in parallel: a capacitance for capacitive compensation and inductance for inductive compensation [6]-[24]. The SVC is the only device that could be installed in the network buses in addition to the branches. All the other FACTS in this paper are located just in the branches.
- [[We have done the simulation of a model power system in ETAP software. Upper is source or power grid below the step-up transformer, transmission line step-down transformer, distribution line and Load.]]
- [[This is the line parameters for the model we have discussed in the previous slide. We see the per kilometer resistance and reactance values for different lines. Resistance per Km 0.066 and Reactance per Km 0.52. The ratings of the transformers are also given in the second table.]]
- [[Here is the result of using SVC. This chart show the voltage profile in percentage for each bus. The blue beam is voltage profile without SVC and the red beam is voltage profile with SVC. Without SVC, Voltage profiles are fluctuating and unstable for different buses. But with SVC, Voltage profiles are relatively constant and improved.]] The improvements in voltage profile by employing SVC. An SVC can considerably improve grid reliability and availability. Increased productivity as stabilized voltage means better utilized capacity.
- [[Let’s go to the active power chart. This chart show the active power for each bus of our model. With SVC, active power is increase at bus 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and others remaining same.]] There is also reduction in reactive power by SVC. Average reactive power is decreased from its base average value. And decrease of average reactive power from its base average.
- [[Here we summarize the benefits of SVC use. It helps to stabilize the voltage, reduces transmission losses, increases transmission capacity, stability, so on and so forth. Advantages of SVC 1) Improved system steady-state stability. 2) Improved system transient stability. 3) Better load division on parallel circuits. 4) Reduced voltage drops in load areas during severe disturbances. 5) Reduced transmission losses. 6) Better adjustment of line loadings. The benefits of SVC to power transmission: 1.Stabilized voltages in weak systems 2.Reduced transmission losses 3.Increased transmission capacity, to reduce, defer or eliminate the need for new lines 4.Higher transient stability limit 5.Increased damping of minor disturbances Greater voltage control and stability 6.Power oscillation damping
- [[Now move to conclusion, FACTS is an application of power electronics in transmission system. FACTS controllers makes a system ‘flexible’. FACTS has an important role in active and reactive power control. FACTS helps to improve the capacity of an existing system. FACTS controllers improve the power quality and stability. Modeling of facts is the most viable and secure option to meet the power demand optimally.]] The above discussion reflects various work are covered in the area of FACTS. The potential role that FACT may play towards the development of the future Bangladeshi transmission system. In fact, FACT elements may provide PGCB with effective solutions to the several criticalities they encounter. Finally, it has to be noted that in a highly meshed network, as the Bangladeshi FACTS become extensively deployed, they will deliver real benefits only when subjected to a coordinated and hierarchical control.
- [[This is the references we have used.]]
- [[Thank you all……..]]