1. Protozoa

2. What is protozoa?
Defination:Protozoa are considered sub kindom of the
kindom Protista.protozoa are very small organisms which
often live in water or as parasite.

3. Classification of Protozoa
1.Flagllates
2.Ciliates
3.Sarcodina
4.Sporozoates

4. Flagllates
1 Trypnosoma (blood pathogen )
2 Giardia ( in testinal parasite )
3 Trichomomas (reproductive tract
pathagon)

5. Ciliates
 1 Ciliates protozoa have moement through cilia (Fine hair
like structure attached with their body)
 2 Some protozoa have special kind of cilia for feeding and
attachment
 3 Most are harmless . Only one species Balantidium coli is
pathogenic for human causes a rare and server form of
Dysentery .

6. Sarcodina
1.Major loco-motor organelles is sarcodina is pseudopodi
2. Most species are harmless
3. Enaemoba is parasitic for human causes intestinal disease

7. Sporozoates
1 Sporozoates are only non- motile form of protozoa
2 They have well developed sexual and asexsual stages
3 Entire group is parasitic in nature and are harmful
4 Toxoplasma Gondii ( causes Toxoplasmosis )

8. Life cycle

9. Econimic Importance.
 Amoeba plays important role in fool chain.
 It enters the human body and causes various diseases
which are costly.Even death can happen.
 Helpful in sanitation
 Symbiotic Protozoa
 Soil Protozoa
 Water pollution

10. Porifera

11. What Is Porifera ?
• A phylum of aquatic invertebrate animals that
compromises the sponges and having a cellular grade of
construction without true tissue or organ formation but
with the body permeated by canals and passes in its
course through one or more cavities lined with
choanocytes.
 Or,
• Porifera is a group of most primitive animals that are
commonly known as ‘Sponges.’They are pore bearing
animals

12. Characteristics
1.Multicellular organisms with cellular level of body
organization.No distinct tissues or organs.
2.Mostly marine,a few freshwater,all aquatic.
3.Solitary or colonical,all sessile.
4.Body form vase-like,cylindrical,tubular,cushion-
shaped,many branched etc.
5.Symmetry radial or no symmetry.
6.Choanocytes or flagellated collar cells usually line special
chambers.Sponges are the only metazoans having
choanocytes.

13. Classes Of Porifera
 Calcera
 Body shape cylindrical or vase-like
 Body organization of asconoid,syconoid or luconoid type
 Exclusively marine
 Small-sized calcareous sponges

14. Hexactinellida
 Modcrate-sized glass sponges
 Body shape cup,urn or vase-like
 No dermal epithelium or exopinacoderm
 Exclusively marine,many in deep sea

15. Demonspongiae
 Small to large-sized
 Body shape like a vase
 Spicules monaxon or tetraxon , never triaxon
 All marine except freshwater family spongillidae

17. Economic Importance.
1. Sponges play an important role in aquatic ecosystem ,
acting to filter particles out of water(especially bacteria)
2. They are important in nutrient cycles in coral reef systems
3. Use as a cleaning material for washing dishes
4. Sponges are also used to absorb and catch oil leaks
5. They are used to maintain the most in agriculture like in
radish and some fast growing seeds
6. Homes of other marine life(shrimp , sea stars , snails)
7. Food for fishes , shrimp
8. Toxins that sponges release can be used in
-Antibiotics
-Antiviral drugs

18. References
 www.ucmp.berkley.edu/porifera/poriferalh.html
 www.ucmp.berkley.edu/porifera/poriferamm.html
 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Po
rifera/
 http://tolweb.org/Porifera/2464
 http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Protista/porifera.ht
m
 http://www.ebiomedia.com/prod/BOsponges.html
 http://www.infusion.allconet.org/webquest/PhylumP
orifera.html

19. Thank you……..
…. Have you any Question?