2. Pattern in Strategy Formulation

3. What is the strategy?
A method or plan chosen to bring about a
desired future, such as achievement of
a goal or solution to a problem.
The term is derived from the Greek word for
generalship or leading an army.

4. Definition
Research methodology
Results and conclusions

5.  According to game theory
 According to military theory
 According to management theory

6. “It represents the set of the rules that is
the govern the moves of the player”.

7. The utilization during both peace and war ,of
all s the nation forces ,through large scale,
long range planning and development to
ensure security and victory.

8. The determination of the basic long term goals
and objectives of an enterprise and the allocation
of resources necessary for carrying out these
goals.

9.  Plan
 Sequence of decisions
 Form one by one

10. 1. Collection of basic data
2. Inference of strategies and periods of
change
3. Intensive analysis of periods of change
4. Theoretical analysis

11. Research studies starts by listing:
 Important decisions and actions by the
organization
 Important events and trends in the
environment

12.  What decisions and events to study
 Uncover the traces of decisions and events
 Source of data

13.  Strategies inferred as patterns in stream of
decisions
 Comparison of strategies
 Incremental
 Piecemeal
 Global
 Continuity
 Periods of Limbo
 Periods of flux

14.  Broad perception
 Intensive investigation

15.  Hypotheses
 Open ended questions
 Debate and discussion

17. Before 1948: Flux
 Idea of people’s car
 Construction of large automobile
manufacturing plant
 Production of war vehicles
 Refugees used as a labor force

20.  Nordhoff inherited half an intended strategy
Porche’s design and concept of the market.
 Emphasis on quality, technical excellence,
aggressive exporting, rigorous service
standards

21.  Intended strategy ideally suited the
environment of post war Germany as well as
world wide markets.
 Manufacturing and distribution channels were
expanded
 Two new models were introduced

23.  Minor changes were made in the strategy
 Advertising was introduced in United States
 Firm went public, investment was increased.
 Original strategy remain unchanged

24.  Strategy remained essentially the same
 Profits were squeezed by competitive
pressure
 Cost and sales continue to increased

25.  The firm finally reacted in search of new
model
 Nordhoff died in 1968
 The old strategy clearly disintegrated but a
clear new one had yet to emerge

26.  Experienced Volkswagen executive was
replaced by Lotz in 1971
 Period of consolidation and development of
new integrated strategy
 Stylish Audi was launched
 Marketing strategy

27. 1950: Global change
U.S govt. refused request by France
to aids its forces fighting in
Indochina
Communist forces took over the
Chinese govt.
U.S changed its strategy and began a
program direct monetary aid to
French

29. Uninterrupted Strategy
Encouraging Strategy

30. • After Geneva conference French left
Vietnam
• Vietnam divides in two parts
• U.S began a program of direct aid to
south Vietnam with intended strategy
of democratizing the government

31.  United States uninterrupted strategy of direct
aid to south Vietnam

32.  Change in strategy first time U.S government
acted in a purely proactive manner
 The new Kennedy team change the intended
strategy from passive aid to active support
 May 11, 1961 contingent of special force was
sent Vietnam to advise and train them

33.  Number of U.S adviser increase in
Vietnam
 There was Economic pressure by
government
 Change U.S president and intended
strategy grew more intensive
 bombing and escalation
 search and destroy strategy had began
to replace enclave strategy

34. Three strategies were pursued in
parallel during this period
1. land war was escalated
2. bombing campaign was intensified
3. pressure to north Vietnam to
negotiating table

35. Reassessment of strategy due to series of factors
1. First time tangible evidence of military reality
2. Military request (demand for more troops)
3. new strategy of defense working behind the
scenes
4. Public sentiment made clear the great resistance
to the war effort that was growing among the U.S
population

36. Limbo period to end in 1968 Nixon is new president
initiated global change in strategy
In effect Johnson global changes was to halt an old
strategy Nixon was replace it with new one
proactive integrated strategy its goal as “peace
with honor”
Withdrawal of U.S troops
Negotiations were done for settlement

37.  Strategy remained same just only emphasis of
various components changed.
 U.S troops continue to withdraw.
 15 August 1973 American military activity in
and over Indochina was ended.

38. 1. Interplay of environment, leadership and
bureaucracy
2. Patterns of strategic change
3. Deliberate versus emergent strategies

39. Strategic formulation as a Interplay of
environment, leadership and bureaucracy:
 Environment
 Bureaucratic momentum
 Leadership role

40. Patterns of strategic change

41. Deliberate versus emergent strategies

43. There are two approaches
to strategy making:
1. Deliberate strategy
2. Emergent strategy
It can be explain by using different kind of
strategies

44. Types of strategy:
 Intended strategy plan for action
 Deliberate strategy process
 Realized strategy outcomes

46.  Volkswagen strategy (1948-1958)
 Kennedy strategy (1961)
 Vietnam strategy (1962-1965)
 United State strategy

47. conclusion