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The Urinary System
An Introduction to the Urinary System Figure 26–1
3 Functions of the Urinary System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
5 Homeostatic Functions of Urinary System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kidneys ,[object Object],Urinary Tract ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Urination  or  Micturition ,[object Object],[object Object]
EXCRETORY ORGANS OF ANIMALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Poriferans Nephridia of annelids Flame cells of platyhelminthes
Malphigian tubules of insects
Nephridia of Mollusks
Types of kidneys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
Metanephric kidneys
The Position of the Kidneys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 26–2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Typical Adult Kidney  ,[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Sinus ,[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Capsule ,[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Pyramids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Columns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Lobe   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Pelvis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood Supply to the Kidneys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 26–5
Functional Anatomy of Nephron & Collecting System Figure 26–6
EPITHELIAL COMPONENTS OF NEPHRON ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
VASCULAR ELEMENTS OF NEPHRON ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Tubule   ,[object Object],[object Object],Renal Corpuscle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glomerulus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Functions of Renal Tubule ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cortical and  Juxtamedullary Nephrons Figure 26–7
Cortical Nephrons (1 of 2 types) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Juxtamedullary Nephrons ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Renal Corpuscle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Loop of Henle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Distal Convoluted  Tubule   (DCT) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Processes of the DCT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Renal Physiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organic Waste Products  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differences between Solute Concentrations in Urine and Plasma Table 26–2
Acidosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ADH – antidiuretic hormone ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diuretics   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Urine Transport,  Storage, and Elimination  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organs for the Conduction  and Storage of Urine Figure 26–18a
The  Ureters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Layers of the Ureter Wall ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Peristaltic Contractions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  Urinary Bladder ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bladder Position ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organs for the Conduction  and Storage of Urine Figure 26–18c
The Urethra ,[object Object],[object Object],The Male Urethra  ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 Parts of the Male Urethra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
The Female Urethra ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The  External Urethral Sphincter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ABNORMAL URINE CONSTITUENTS Glomerulonephritis,hypertension Amino acid Aminoaciduria Fatty diet, prolonged starvation Ketones Ketonuria Patho:Glomerulonephritis,hypertension nonpatho”:physical exertion,pregnancy Albumin Albuminuria Patho:Diabetes mellitus, prolonged starvation Nonpatho:high sugar diet Glucose Glycosuria Hemolytic anemia, blood transfusion reaction hemoglobin Hemoglobinuria CAUSES SUBSTANCE CONDITION
Alcoholism,aldoste-ronism DIURETIC SUBSTANCES POLYURIA Mercuric poisoning MERCURY ANURIA Hepatitis, cirrhosis,liver cancer BILIRUBIN BILIRIBINURIA UTI WBC PYURIA Pyelonephritis,uti, glomerulonephritis RBC HEMATURIA
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Age-Related Changes in Urinary System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 Micturition Reflex Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE
Objectives : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Asexual reproduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special sexual reproduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of animals according to reproduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Main functions of male reproducitve system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Development of male reproductive organs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
I. External structures of male sex organs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
URETHRA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3. TESTES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
4. EPIDIDYMIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Male Internal Reproductive Organs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2. ACCESSORY GLANDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
B.PROSTATE GLAND ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
C.BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Flow of sperm cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object]
EXTERNAL FEMALE ANATOMY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
INTERNAL ORGANS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE VAGINA: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
3 layers of the uterus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Flow of human ovum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Flow of frog’s eggs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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