1. Materials
Chapter 2

2. Reinforced Concrete
• Concrete
– Cement
– Aggregate
• Coarse
• Fine
– Water
– Admixture

3. Cement
• Ordinary Portland Cement- Type I
• CaO-Limestone
• SiO2 Al2O3 -Clay or shale
• Ground, blended and fused to clinker in kiln
• Gypsum is added
• Comes in bag of 50kg

4. Cement
• Water-cement ratio- 0.4 to 0.6
• High strength concrete- as low as 0.21
• Hydration process- calcium silicate Hydrate
• Heat of hydration

5. Aggregate
• 65 to 75% volume
• Coarse aggregate- stone chips, brick chips, gravel
• Fine aggregate- sand
• Concrete unit weight -140 to 152 pcf, 145pcf
• Lightweight aggregate-shale, slate, slags, brick
chips
• Heavy weight aggregate
• Recycled concrete

6. • Proportioning and mixing
• Conveying, Placing, compacting and curing

7. Quality Control

8. Admixtures
• To improve concrete performance
• Air-entraining
• Accelerating
• Set Retarding
• Plasticizer, super plasticizers
• Viscosity modifying-self compacting

9. Properties in Compression

10. Poisson’s ratio 0.15 to 0.20

11. Creep

12. Properties in tension

13. High strength concrete
• 8 to 20 ksi or higher
• High performance concrete

14. Reinforcement
Strong Bond-no slip

15. Reinforcing Bars

16. Stress strain curves
TMT bars

17. Prestressing steel