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IMPORTANT
CROPS OF
FAMILY
SOLANACEAE
FAMILY SOLANACEAE
Members of this Family usually have:
•Regular flowers with five petals
•Five stamens attached to the corolla tube
•Leaves are alternate, variable, and may be
entire or dissected, without stipules, and are
usually alternate
•Flowers have five petals and are generally
actinomorphic.
•Superior ovary.
tObACCO
Phylum
Class

Magnoliophyt
a
Magnoliopsida

Order

Solanales

Family

Solanaceae

Genus

Nicotiana

Species

tobacum

Habitat

Tropical

Chromosome 2n=48
no.
• Leaves are simple, petiolate, cordate or
semicordate shaped, evenly spaced,
acuminate apex and winged petiole.
• The apex is acuminate, winged petiole, frilled
auricle clasping the stem.
• The glandular hairs on the surface of leaves
excrete germs which makes surface sticky
Tobacco plantation
Dried tobacco leaves- economically
important
Inflorescence:
•Inflorescence is panicle.
•Flowers are pedicillate and hermaphrodite,
having five sepals forming a calyx tube, corolla
tube 10-15mm long and 2-3 mm wide, lower half
is cylindrical, pale green or creamy, upper half
similar in color or pink to red.
•Stamens are inserted on the base of corolla,
erect with four stamens of same length and the
fifth being shorter.
•Ovary is superior, bicarpellary with axile
placentation and numerous ovules.
•It has slender style, capitate stigma, narrow,
elliptic, ovoid and blunt capsule and numerous
minute seeds.
Tobacco flower and inflorescence
Growth Stage
Seedling establishment
Early growth stage
Grand growth stage

State of rain fall
Cloudy weather with drizzling.
(soon after transplanting
Light rainfall
Bright sunshine with occasional
moderate rain

No rains at all because the rain
will wash the gums from the
leave's surface resulting in poor
Ripening (maturity) of
curing. Sometimes bigger rain
leaves
drops split the leaves.
potato
Phylum

Magnoliophy
ta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Order

Solanales

Family

Solanaceae

Genus

Solanum

Species

tuberosum

Chromosome
no.

2n=48

• Leaves are ovate, pinnately compound
occasionally bi-compound with several pairs
of leaflets.
• A branched, fibrous, root system is formed either
by the seedling tap root, or by adventitious roots
in tuber grown plants.
• Simple or compound inflorescence, flowerig
profusely. Bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple
flowers with yellow stamens.
• Tuber is round, oval or round oval or oblong with
white or red skin.
• Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects
• Any potato variety can also be propagated
vegetatively by planting tubers or pieces of
tubers, cut to include at least one or two eyes
Potato plant
In India's total landmass it is grown in many
places, mainly divided into three main
regions:
•The Indo-Gangetic Plain;
•The Himalayas to the north;
•The Southern Peninsula.
Physical condition for growth:
•A relatively dry, cool winter from December through
February;
•The hot, dry summer from March through May;
•The southwest monsoon from June through
September when the predominating southwest
maritime winds bring rains to most of the country;
•The states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar
accounting for more than 75 percent of area under
cultivation and about 80 percent of total production;
•The southern peninsula, where approximately six
percent of the total crop is grown on relatively high
altitude plateaus, such as the Nilgiri and Palini hills of
Tamil Nadu, under alternating rain-fed and irrigated
conditions throughout the year.
chilli
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Chromosome
no.

Eudicots
Asterids
Solanales
Solanaceae
Capsicum
annum ;
frutescens
2n=24

• Chili plants are both annuals and perennials.
• Leaves are variable in size, simple, lamina
broadly lanceolate to ovate, entire, thin, sub
glabrous, tip acumate, base cuneate or acute.
• Main shoot is radial, one of the branches at
each node remains undeveloped and
subtending bract. Bracts are adnate.
• Flowers are usually single and terminal, but
due to branching appears axillary.
• Ovary is 2 celled, simple style and stigma
capitate, with white or greenish stamens.
• Fruits are indehiscent, many –seeded berry,
pendulous or erect, borne singly at nodes
variable in size, shape, color, and degree of
pungency.
Important Solanaceae crops
Climate requirement:
•The chili is a plant of tropical and sub -tropical
region.
•It grows well in warm and humid climate and a
temperature of 200 C to 250C.
•Low moisture in soil during blossom
development and fruit formation causes the bud,
deblossom and fruit drops.
•Excessive rainfall is detrimental to the crops,
because it brings about defoliation and rotting of
the plant.
•As a rained crop, it is grown in areas receiving an
annual precipitation of 25-30 inches.
tomato
Phylum

Anthophyta

Class

Magnoliopsid
a
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
lycopersicum
2n=24

Order
Family
Genus
Species
Chromosome
no.

• It is of two types:
o Determinant- frequent and less no. of flowers
o Indeterminant- less frequent but more no. of
flowers
• It is a perennial in its native habitat, but can be
grown in temperate climates as an annual.
• The leaves are compound, pinnatified with
small leaflets. The petiole is clasping. The main
leaflet is shortly stalked, ovate or oblong.
Margin is irregularly toothed.
• Simple types of leaves with smooth margin also
occur.
• Flowers are borne in small forked raceme
cyme; with five pointed lobes on the corolla;
they are borne in a cyme of three to 12
together.
Important Solanaceae crops
Climatic Requirements
•Tomato is a warm season crop, requires warm
and cool climate and cannot withstand frost and
high humidity.
•Temperature below 100C and above 380C
adversely affects plant tissues thereby slow down
physiological activities, thrives well in temperature
100C to 300C with optimum range of temperature
is 21-240C.
•The mean temperature below 160C and above
270C are not desirable.
•Water stress and long dry period causes cracking
of fruits. Bright sunshine at the time of fruit set
helps to develop dark red coloured fruits.
brinjal
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Chromosom
e no.

Anthophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
melongena
2n=24

• Plant is herbaceous & perennial that is
cultivated as an annual with erect or semi
spreading habits.
• Leaves are large, simple & lobed.
• Flowers are large and showy with purple
corolla.
• Hermaphrodite flower, generally performs
self-pollination.
• Growth is indeterminate.
• The fruit is a berry, borne singly or in
clusters.
• Four types of flowers are there in Brinjal
• They are long-styled and medium-styled
flowers produced fruits whereas
pseudoshort styled and true short-styled
flowers did not set any fruit.
Important Solanaceae crops
• Of all the solanaceous vegetable, brinjal is the most
sensitive to frost and low temperature and
requires about five months of frost-free period for
proper growth and development.
• It flourishes best during warm growing season with
a temperature range of 25-27 °C. A day
temperature of below 35 o C and night
temperature of above 16 o C considered optimum.
• Brinjal also has a high-moisture requirement and
responds well to irrigation during the periods of
drought and high temperature. It flourishes well in
areas receiving a moderate rainfall ranging form
600-1000 mm.
• Excessive rainfall brings about defoliation, wilting
and rotting of the plant. Brinjal cannot tolerate
water logging.
Thank you

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Important Solanaceae crops

  • 2. FAMILY SOLANACEAE Members of this Family usually have: •Regular flowers with five petals •Five stamens attached to the corolla tube •Leaves are alternate, variable, and may be entire or dissected, without stipules, and are usually alternate •Flowers have five petals and are generally actinomorphic. •Superior ovary.
  • 4. • Leaves are simple, petiolate, cordate or semicordate shaped, evenly spaced, acuminate apex and winged petiole. • The apex is acuminate, winged petiole, frilled auricle clasping the stem. • The glandular hairs on the surface of leaves excrete germs which makes surface sticky
  • 6. Dried tobacco leaves- economically important
  • 7. Inflorescence: •Inflorescence is panicle. •Flowers are pedicillate and hermaphrodite, having five sepals forming a calyx tube, corolla tube 10-15mm long and 2-3 mm wide, lower half is cylindrical, pale green or creamy, upper half similar in color or pink to red. •Stamens are inserted on the base of corolla, erect with four stamens of same length and the fifth being shorter. •Ovary is superior, bicarpellary with axile placentation and numerous ovules. •It has slender style, capitate stigma, narrow, elliptic, ovoid and blunt capsule and numerous minute seeds.
  • 8. Tobacco flower and inflorescence
  • 9. Growth Stage Seedling establishment Early growth stage Grand growth stage State of rain fall Cloudy weather with drizzling. (soon after transplanting Light rainfall Bright sunshine with occasional moderate rain No rains at all because the rain will wash the gums from the leave's surface resulting in poor Ripening (maturity) of curing. Sometimes bigger rain leaves drops split the leaves.
  • 11. • A branched, fibrous, root system is formed either by the seedling tap root, or by adventitious roots in tuber grown plants. • Simple or compound inflorescence, flowerig profusely. Bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens. • Tuber is round, oval or round oval or oblong with white or red skin. • Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects • Any potato variety can also be propagated vegetatively by planting tubers or pieces of tubers, cut to include at least one or two eyes
  • 13. In India's total landmass it is grown in many places, mainly divided into three main regions: •The Indo-Gangetic Plain; •The Himalayas to the north; •The Southern Peninsula.
  • 14. Physical condition for growth: •A relatively dry, cool winter from December through February; •The hot, dry summer from March through May; •The southwest monsoon from June through September when the predominating southwest maritime winds bring rains to most of the country; •The states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar accounting for more than 75 percent of area under cultivation and about 80 percent of total production; •The southern peninsula, where approximately six percent of the total crop is grown on relatively high altitude plateaus, such as the Nilgiri and Palini hills of Tamil Nadu, under alternating rain-fed and irrigated conditions throughout the year.
  • 15. chilli Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Chromosome no. Eudicots Asterids Solanales Solanaceae Capsicum annum ; frutescens 2n=24 • Chili plants are both annuals and perennials. • Leaves are variable in size, simple, lamina broadly lanceolate to ovate, entire, thin, sub glabrous, tip acumate, base cuneate or acute.
  • 16. • Main shoot is radial, one of the branches at each node remains undeveloped and subtending bract. Bracts are adnate. • Flowers are usually single and terminal, but due to branching appears axillary. • Ovary is 2 celled, simple style and stigma capitate, with white or greenish stamens. • Fruits are indehiscent, many –seeded berry, pendulous or erect, borne singly at nodes variable in size, shape, color, and degree of pungency.
  • 18. Climate requirement: •The chili is a plant of tropical and sub -tropical region. •It grows well in warm and humid climate and a temperature of 200 C to 250C. •Low moisture in soil during blossom development and fruit formation causes the bud, deblossom and fruit drops. •Excessive rainfall is detrimental to the crops, because it brings about defoliation and rotting of the plant. •As a rained crop, it is grown in areas receiving an annual precipitation of 25-30 inches.
  • 19. tomato Phylum Anthophyta Class Magnoliopsid a Solanales Solanaceae Solanum lycopersicum 2n=24 Order Family Genus Species Chromosome no. • It is of two types: o Determinant- frequent and less no. of flowers o Indeterminant- less frequent but more no. of flowers
  • 20. • It is a perennial in its native habitat, but can be grown in temperate climates as an annual. • The leaves are compound, pinnatified with small leaflets. The petiole is clasping. The main leaflet is shortly stalked, ovate or oblong. Margin is irregularly toothed. • Simple types of leaves with smooth margin also occur. • Flowers are borne in small forked raceme cyme; with five pointed lobes on the corolla; they are borne in a cyme of three to 12 together.
  • 22. Climatic Requirements •Tomato is a warm season crop, requires warm and cool climate and cannot withstand frost and high humidity. •Temperature below 100C and above 380C adversely affects plant tissues thereby slow down physiological activities, thrives well in temperature 100C to 300C with optimum range of temperature is 21-240C. •The mean temperature below 160C and above 270C are not desirable. •Water stress and long dry period causes cracking of fruits. Bright sunshine at the time of fruit set helps to develop dark red coloured fruits.
  • 23. brinjal Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Chromosom e no. Anthophyta Magnoliopsida Solanales Solanaceae Solanum melongena 2n=24 • Plant is herbaceous & perennial that is cultivated as an annual with erect or semi spreading habits. • Leaves are large, simple & lobed.
  • 24. • Flowers are large and showy with purple corolla. • Hermaphrodite flower, generally performs self-pollination. • Growth is indeterminate. • The fruit is a berry, borne singly or in clusters. • Four types of flowers are there in Brinjal • They are long-styled and medium-styled flowers produced fruits whereas pseudoshort styled and true short-styled flowers did not set any fruit.
  • 26. • Of all the solanaceous vegetable, brinjal is the most sensitive to frost and low temperature and requires about five months of frost-free period for proper growth and development. • It flourishes best during warm growing season with a temperature range of 25-27 °C. A day temperature of below 35 o C and night temperature of above 16 o C considered optimum. • Brinjal also has a high-moisture requirement and responds well to irrigation during the periods of drought and high temperature. It flourishes well in areas receiving a moderate rainfall ranging form 600-1000 mm. • Excessive rainfall brings about defoliation, wilting and rotting of the plant. Brinjal cannot tolerate water logging.