Automated Control System of Dam & Monitoring for Irrigation

1. “Automated control system of a dam and
monitoring for irrigation”
Presented by
RAHUL N DESHMUKH
Guided By
DR. M. P. DESHMUKH
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
SSBT’s College of Engineering and Technology, Bambhori
North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon
2014-15

2. OBJECTIVES
• The main objective of this concept to provide water to the farmers on their
request & to maintain the water levels and flows in the canals using
programmable logic controller.
• The design and implementation of automatic canal control system is
achieved through Function Block Diagram (FBD) programming.
• The implementation is done by using controller, driver IC &
communication protocols.
• The water data logging system is done through microcontroller & PLC
interfacing.

3. CONTENT
1. Introduction.
2. Literature survey.
3. Proposed Concept
4. Selection of PLC
5. Requirements of Input and outputs
6. Programming Language
7. Simulation for designed project
8. Internal blocks of model.
9. Overview of Hardware & Software
10. Interfacing of I/O Devices
11. Experimental Setup
12. List of parameters.
13. Results.
14. Conclusion.
15. References

4. INTRODUCTION
• Now a days water crisis is major issue.
• 50% water lost to leakage & system inefficiencies.
• Only 16% of farmers aware of irrigation efficiency technologies.
• 80-84% of water consumed for agriculture in India (by-MoWR)
• In 2010, demand of water for agriculture was 813 billion cubic meter,
In 2025, demand of water for agriculture will be 1093 billion cubic meter.
(by- MoWR/Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation)
• Canal automation is becoming widely used to improve the operation of
canal systems and to conserve water.

5. • Many older canals are being modernized with data collection, telemetry, and
control equipment that helps canal operators better manage their water.
• In this project we are focusing on above issues & to provide sufficient amount
water to farmers on their requirement automatically.
• In water canals & sub-canals, water levels are also maintained with the help of
PLC (Crouzet) & millanium-3ac software.
• Sensors, gates, PLC, Function Block Diagram (FBD) language, GSM module
etc are the main components/devices used for the project.
• The used water by farmer data is also logged through software.
• So water data logging system is also available, for used water data record.

6. LITERATURE SURVEY
• The first research program in canal automation began in 1966 by the Bureau's
Mid-Pacific Region.
• In 1970’s, an electromechanical relays were used in operation of canal
automation in western U.S.
• In 1990’s, very few successful operations of PLC based automation systems.
• In Arizona USA, on the Salt River Project Canal system an automatic control
system was proposed. This system automates and enhances functions already
performed by operators
• Today, canal automation field is being develop & SCADA can be installed for
controlling whole system.

7. OLDER & EXISTING SYSTEMS
Colvin controller
Little-Man controller
Drawback:
Devices are limited to controlling, only the smaller canal system flow can be
controlled

8. OLDER & EXISTING SYSTEMS
EL-FLO (Electronic Filter level offset)
controller
Drawback:
It can be maintain big canal system but fails
to control upstream and downstream level of
water

9. PROPOSED CONCEPT
Sensors:
S-1: sense water level between G-1&G-2
S-2: sense water level between G-2,G-3&G-5
S-3: sense water level between G-3&G-4
S-4: sense water level between G-5&G-6
S-5: sense water level between G-6&G-7
Gates (Solenoid Valves):
G-4: Farmer-1
G-7: Farmer-2

10. PROPOSED CONCEPT
• In this concept, we have consider two farmers which demands for water.
• When farmer-1 is requesting for water, he will send his request through sms.
• As soon as request granted by PLC, water level of sub-canal will automatically
checked by software.
• If sufficient water level is available then gate-4 (for farmer-1) will automatically
open for specific time duration.
• For farmer-1 sufficient water in sub-canal is necessary condition & if there is not
enough water level in sub-canal then sensor-3 will send the signal to PLC &
gate-3 will open.

11. Comparison between existing canal control system and proposed canal
control system
• Existing System:
• Semi automatic.
• Programming constraints are more
• Data Control Unit (DTU),
Data Collection Unit (DCU) are
available
• High cost
• Maintenance is more
• Fault detection is not easy
Proposed System:
• Fully automatic
• Programming constraints are
minimum
• DTU’s & DCU’s work simply done
by remote station server (laptop)
• Cost is low
• Low maintenance cost as we have
used PLC’s as compared to existing
one.
• Fault detection is easy as compared
to existing system

12. Functional Interaction of PLC System

13. ARCHITECTURE OF PROPOSED CANAL CONTROL SYSTEM

14. SETUP

15. SYSTEM DESIGN
In system design
Step-1) Design of power supply-
Power Supply-24v DC,5Amp
Step-2) Selection of PLC
Step-3) Selection of inputs & outputs

16. SELECTION OF PLC
For the selection of PLC, the following considerations are important
i) Type of PLC- whether compact or modular?
 In this we have used compact PLC, because it is cheaper & our input
& outputs are fixed. So we have selected CD-20 as on requirement.

17. 
ii) Power Supply of PLC- 24vdc/12vdc/24vdc/230vac/24vac
We have used 24vdc power supply PLC

18. SELECTION OF INPUTS/OUTPUTS
• Depends on proposed concept we require five sensors & two gsm modules for
farmers notification. So total digital inputs required are seven.
• And we have total seven gates on canals & sub-canals, we have placed
solenoid valves, these are also digital types, so total digital outputs required are
seven.
• By considering above inputs/outputs, we require PLC having minimum seven
digital input & seven digital outputs.
• So we have to select Crouzet Make PLC with minimum 7-DI & 7-DO
• After going through catalog , we find CD-20 is perfect PLC for our
requirement.

19. Technical Specifications for Crouzet CD-20 PLC:
Type- CD-20
Power Supply-24VDC
Inputs- 6 DISCR+ 6(0-10V)
Outputs- 8 RELAY

20. PARAMETER WINDOW AFTER SELECTING INPUTS & OUTPUTS

23. FRONT PANEL VIEW OF PLC ON SIMULATION WINDOW
In the front panel of PLC,
Inputs are at upper side- 123426 (DI)
BCDEFG (AI)
Outputs are at lower side- 12345678 (DO)

24. SIMULATION WINDOW VIEW WITH FRONT PANEL & TIME PROGRAM
JUMP EVENT

25. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
• In different types of PLC’s, different programming languages are used-
Sr No PLC Programming Language
1 Siemens i)Ladder
ii)FBD (Function Block Diagram)
iii)IL (Instruction List)
iv)ST (Structured Text)
v)SFC (Sequential Function Chart)
2 Allen Bradley i)Ladder ii)FBD
3 Modicon i)Ladder
4 Crouzet i)Ladder ii)FBD
5 Schneider Electric i)Ladder ii)FBD
6 Mitsubushi i)Ladder ii)FBD
7 Delta i)Ladder ii)FBD
8 Messung i)Ladder ii)FBD

26. VIEW OF FUNCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM (FBD)

27. INTERNAL BLOCKS OF MODEL
• Timer A-C: This timer is used in programming for controlling On/Off
time of gates
Selection of timer block in software window Function A-C Timer:

28. FUNCTION A-C TIMER:
Double clicking on timer block we got this parameter window on
programming screen, from this we can set ON delay & OFF delay

29. TIMINGS DIAGRAM FOR A-C TIMER

30. OR,AND FUNCTION BLOCKS
OR function block:
AND function block:

31. OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
• Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Hardware- Crouzet PLC (Compact)
Type- CD-20
No of Inputs- 12 (6-DI/6AI)
No of Outputs- 08 (8-DO)
• GSM Module
• Sensor
• Solenoid Valves-12VDC.1Amp
• Power Supply
24 VDC, 5 amp

32. Software:
Millanium-3 AC
Programming languages-
1) Ladder Language 2) Function Block Diagram (FBD)

33. FBD PROGRAMMING SIMULATION WINDOW

34. Step by step development of programming environment in FBD language

35. Step by step development of programming environment in FBD language

36. I )When Farmer-1 & Farmer-2 Both Requested For Water Simultaneously

37. II) when Farmer-1 is requested for water (Condition- if water is available in canal)

38. when Farmer-1 is requested for water (Condition- if water is not available in canal)

39. III) when farmer-2 requested for water (Condition- if water is available in canal)

40. AUTOMATED DATA LOGGING SYSTEM

41. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

42. RESULTS
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
11/09/2014 12/09/2014 13/09/2014 14/09/2014
Timeofrequsetbyfarmer
Reuest for water datewise by farmer
Time
Water
Date 11/09/2014 12/09/2014 13/09/2014 14/09/2014
Time 9.12 12.03 16.05 22.4
Water 32 32 32 32

43. REFERENCES
1. Syed Muhammad Umar Talha, Syed Sheraz Mohani, Syed Hassan Ahmed and Mansoor
Ebrahim , “Design for an Irrigation and Monitoring System of an Automated
Dam”,Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and computer
scientists,pp-14-16, vol-II, Mar-2012.
2. Anil B. Mandavia, “Modernization of irrigation system operational management by way of
canal automation in India,” Chief Engineer, Management Information Systems SardarSaroar
Narmada Nigam Limited, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
3.P. O. Malaterre, D. C. Rogers, and J. Schuurmans, “Classification of canal control algorithms”,
J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 3–10,Jan./Feb. 1998.
4.V. Ruiz-Carmona, A. J. Clemmens, and J.Schuurmans, “Canal control algorithm formulations”,
J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 31–39,Jan./Feb. 1998.
5.I. Mareels, E. Weyer, S. Ooi, M. W. Cantoni, Y. Li, and G. N. Nair, Systems engineering for
irrigation systems: Successes and challenges,” Annu. Rev. Control, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 191–
204, 2005.
6.A. J. Clemmens, R. J. Strand, and E. Bautista, “Field testing of SacMan automated canal control
systems,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. USCID: Water District Manage. Governance, pp. 199–209,
San Diego, CA, 2005.
• 7.José V. Aguilar, Pedro Langarita, Lorenzo Linares, and José Rodellar, Senior Member, IEEE,
“Automatic Control of Flows and Levels in an Irrigation Canal”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
INDUSTRYAPPLICATIONS, VOL. 45, NO. 6, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2009.

44. THANK YOU