All the Best

1. CANADA – “we are not colder, we are cooler..”
by – Rahil Ahamed
Rahul Talukdar

2. CURRENCY OF CANADA
• The Canadian dollar (symbol: $
code: CAD) is the currency of Canada.
• Canada's dollar is the 5th most held
reserve currency in the world,
accounting for approximately 2% of
all global reserves, behind only the
U.S. dollar, the euro, the yen and the
pound sterling.

3. CAPITAL, IMPORTANT CITIES, PLACES OF REPUTE
OTTAWA- CAPITAL OF CANADA
CALGERY, ALBERTA
EDMONTON, ALBERTA
HAMILTON, ONTARIO
KITCHENER, ONTARIO
MONTREAL, QUEBEC
QUEBEC CITY, QUEBEC
TORONTO, ONTARIO
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BAFFIN ISLAND
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BAY OF FUNDY
CNTOWER
NIAGARA FALLS
OLDTOWNOF QUEBEC
STREETS OF LUNENBERG
FORTRESS OF LOUISBOURG
PERCE ROCKS

4. AREA, RESOURCES, IMPORTANT SECTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE GDP, BALANCE OF PAYMENT,
BORROWINGS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES / BANKS
AREA 9,984,670 km2 (2nd)
3,854,085 sq. mi
RESOURECS • COAL
• CRUDE PETROLEUM
• FUEL OILS
• IRON ORES AND CONCENTRATES
• WHEAT
• STONE SAND
• GRAVEL
• CRUSHED STONE
TOP PRODUCTS EXPORTED • CARS (17%)
• PLANES, HELICOPTERS,
SPACECRAFT (2.6%)
• COAL BRIQUETTES (2.4%),
• POTASSIC FERTILIZERS (2.3%)
• AND WHEAT (2.2%)
TOP PRODUCTS IMPORTED • CARS (7.4%)
• CRUDE PETROLEUM (4.4%)
• DELIVERYTRUCKS (3.7%)
• COMPUTERS (2.9%)
• GOLD (2.8%)
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES • ENGLISH
• FRENCH
GOVERNMENT CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
-MONARCH – QUEEN ELIZABETH II
POPULATION (2011) 33,476,688 (4TH LARGEST)
ECONOMIC DIVERSITY: 2014
Canada is ranked 35 with an Economic
Complexity Index (ECI) of 0.86919
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6
BANK NON PERFORMING LOANS
TOTOTAL GROSS LOANS(%)

5. The quarterly balance of payments is published in accordance with the
revision policy of the Canadian System of National Economic Accounts
Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total current
account
1,908 -45,750 -58,419 -48,466 -62,215 -60,287
Goods and
services
28,466 -23,010 -31,604 -21,866 -36,221 -31,702
Goods 43,670 -6,773 -9,703 753 -12,016 -7,287
Services -15,204 -16,237 -21,900 -22,618 -24,205 -24,415
Travel -12,101 -11,998 -14,317 -16,351 -17,643 -17,960
Transportation -9,436 -8,452 -9,452 -10,086 -10,188 -10,147
Commercial
services
5,694 3,496 1,424 3,554 3,350 3,576
Government
services
639 716 439 289 416 116
Primary income -25,944 -20,151 -23,499 -23,117 -22,448 -26,225
Secondary
income
-613 -2,589 -3,316 -3,483 -3,546 -2,360

6. THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
SENATE
• 105 MEMBERSAPPOINTED
BYTHE PRIME MINISTER
WHO MAY SERVE UPTOTHE
AGE OF 75
HOUSE OF COMMONS
• 301 MEMBERS ELECTED
FOR UPTO 5YEARS

7. THE POSITIVE OUTCOMES BECAUSE OF THAT POLITICAL SYSTEM IN
THAT COUNTRY
 Canada's electoral system is referred to as a "single-
member plurality" or "first-past-the-post"
 It provides a clear-cut choice for voters between two
main parties.
 It excludes extremist parties from representation in the
legislature. Unless an extremist minority party’s electoral
support is geographically concentrated, it is unlikely to
win any seats under FPTP.

8. THE PROBLEMS / CHALLENGES / LIMITATIONS FACED BY THE
COUNTRY BECAUSE OF THAT POLITICAL SYSTEM
 Representatives can get elected with small amounts of public support, as the size of
the winning margin is irrelevant: what matters is only that they get more votes than
other candidates.
 Having small constituencies often leads to a proliferation of safe seats, where the
same party is all but guaranteed re-election at each election. This not only effectively
disenfranchises a region’s voters, but it leads to these areas being ignored when it
comes to framing policy.
 It leaves a large number of wasted votes which do not go towards the election of any
candidate. This can be particularly dangerous if combined with regional fiefdoms,
because minority party supporters in the region may begin to feel that they have no
realistic hope of ever electing a candidate of their choice. It can also be dangerous
where alienation from the political system increases the likelihood that extremists will
be able to mobilize anti-system movements.

9. REMARKABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ACHIEVEMENTS BY THAT POLITICAL
SYSTEM
 The Economic DevelopmentAgency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec, is a Federal agency
that has the responsibility of promoting economic expansion in Quebec by promoting small or
medium-sized enterprises. Under itsAct, which came into effect on October 5, 2005, the object of
theAgency is to promote the long-term economic development of the regions of Quebec by
giving special attention to those where slow economic growth is prevalent or opportunities for
productive employment are inadequate.
 AtlanticCanada OpportunitiesAgency, is the Canadian federal government agency responsible
for helping to build economic capacity in the Atlantic Provinces by working with the people of the
region – in their communities, through their institutions and with their local and provincial
governments and businesses – to create jobs and enhance earned incomes. Planned spending for
2014-2015 consists of $165 million for enterprise development, $87M for community
development, $25M for internal services and $11M for policy, advocacy and coordination.
 The Federal Economic Development Initiative for NorthernOntario (or FedNor) ,is a program
of IndustryCanada whose mission is to address the economic development, diversification and job
creation in Northern Ontario. FedNor especially aids women, Franco-Ontarians, youth, and
Aboriginal peoples in Ontario. While a lot of progress has been made in achieving FedNor's
objectives, communities in Northern and rural Ontario continue to face the ongoing structural
challenges that necessitate a stable, long-term regional development effort.
 Western Economic DiversificationCanada (WD), is a Canadian federal department that works
towards building strong, competitive and innovative businesses and communities inWestern
Canada.Their main priorities focus on community economic development; trade and investment;
innovation; and business development.

10. INDIA- CANADA TRADING RELATIONSHIPS
 Canada and India enjoy a prosperous trading relationship.
 Since 2004, despite the Late-2000s recession, trade has increased by over 70%.
 In 2009,Canadian exports to India totalled C$2.1 billion, while in the same year
Canadian imports from India totalled C$2.0 billion, giving Canada a C$ 100
million trade surplus.
 Canada and India are currently holding negotiations on the Comprehensive
Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) to improve the trade relations
between the two countries.
 CEPA is signed in the year 2013.
 India celebrated the year 2012 as year of India in Canada to promote business,
cultural and political relations with India.
 In the year 2010 from January to July, India's total exports to Canada was $ 1097
Million and import from Canada was $ 1113 Million.
 In the year 2011 from January to July India's Exports to Canada was $1483 Million
and Import from India was $ 1197 Million.

11. INDO-CANADA BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP
 The Indo-Canada Chamber of Commerce (ICCC) headed the trade mission, which provided an
opportunity to Canadian small businesses to explore the Indian market. Delegates actively
participated in the Business Leaders’ Summit in Mumbai, Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) in Kochi,
and theVibrantGujarat Convention in Gandhinagar, where Canada was declared the partner
country and ICCC was the partner organization.
 The delegation focused on food processing, hospitality, travel and tourism, construction and
development, information technology, and the service sector.
 ICCC has a vested interest in promoting the role of SMBs in bilateral economic relations between
Canada and India. Over the years, the chamber has provided valuable networking opportunities to
interested businesses from India and it organizes more than 80 annual events across Canada.The
35-year-oldToronto-based organization is the largest institution with membership comprised of
Canadians of Indian origin.
 In Canada, SMBs account for 45 per cent of GDP, 75 per cent of net employment growth, and 60
per cent of all jobs, with a commanding share of exports in agriculture, forestry, transportation,
and construction – at present these are largely directed to the region covered by the North
American FreeTradeAgreement (NAFTA). SMB figures from India are equally impressive,
accounting for 20 per cent of India's GDP, 65 million jobs and 45 per cent of manufacturing and
exports.

12. IMPORT EXPORT STATISTICS
Top 5 Canadian Exports to India, 2013
Commodity Cdn $Millions Share ofTotal
 Leguminous vegetables, dried and shelled $726.3 27%
 Mineral or chemical fertilizers, potassic $304.5 11%
 Newsprint, in rolls or sheets $221.1 8%
 Copper ores and concentrates $205.3 7%
 Coal and solid fuels manufactured from coal $182.9 7%
 Total $2,740.7 100%
Top 5 Canadian Imports from India, 2013
Commodity Cdn $Millions Share ofTotal
 Medicaments, put up in measured
doses or packed for retail use $166.6 6%
 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from
bituminous minerals other than crude $165.5 6%
 Articles of jewelry $123.3 4%
 Linen $112. 4 4%
 Diamonds $101.2 3%
 Total $2,975.7 100%

13. PRE-HARPER FREE TRADE DEALS

14. SUGGESTIONS FOR ECONOMIC PROSPERITY OF CANADA
 Build critical infrastructure
Ottawa has been on an infrastructure binge since 2007, spending roughly $33-billion. But it’s still not enough. From
crumbling bridges and choked roads to inadequate public transit, the needs outstrip available funds. Canada also needs
new bridges, ports and pipelines to get its resources to buyers in increasingly distant markets.
Ottawa recently reached out to the provinces and Canadian municipalities to renew its existing infrastructure spending
arrangements, which expired in 2014. It’s also committed to handing over at least $2-billion a year of federal gasoline tax
revenue to municipalities.
Cities and provinces will have to find new funding sources.
 Unleash the innovation potential of Canadian companies
Of all the challenges facing the Canadian economy, this could prove to be the most intractable.
Research and development is one of the keys to making the economy more productive and wealthier, and Canadian
companies do far too little of it. In spite of generous tax incentives, Canada has been falling steadily behind other
developed countries.Canada spends 1 per cent of GDP on business R&D, compared to 1.6 per cent among wealthy
countries, and spending is now lower than in 2006.
Stephen Harper says he’ll embrace some of the recommendations of a recent federal R&D expert panel, which urged
scaling back tax breaks in favor of more direct spending.
The key now will be to reinvest the savings more productively.Otherwise, the R&D gap betweenCanada and its main
rivals will continue to grow.