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Diabetic Retinopathy

 I. Complications of Diabetes for both :
       Type I
       Type II
 II. Blood Glucose levels increases for a
       long ,changes occur in tiny blood vessels
       that supply blood to retina
 III. Person notices:
       Blotch
       Blurriness
       Dark spots
What causes Diabetic Retinopathy ?
Hyperglycemia (Diabetes)
                   High Blood Sugar


           Changes Blood vessels of Retina


      Blood vessels (Retina) swell and leak fluid


               Fluid leaks into “Macula”


                     Blurred Vision
Symptoms:
Patients complain of spots or floaters
Central vision may become blurred or go
in and out of focus
Patients may complain of blockage of
vision
Others may notice difficulty seeing at
night

Risk Factors:
Diabetes
Pregnancy
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Stages:
Mild non-proliferative
Moderate non-proliferative
Severe non-proliferative
Proliferative
Diabetic Neuropathy
 Affect nerves throughout the body (most commonly affects nerves
 in feet and legs)
 Types of Diabetic Neuropathy
         Peripheral neuropathy
         Autonomic neuropathy
         Focal neuropathy
         Proximal Neuropathy


What causes Neuropathy ?
          Lifestyle factors-smoking,alcohol consumption
          Metabolic factors (duration of diabetes)
          Nerve and blood vessel factors (damage to blood vessels)
          Nerve injury such as Carpal tunnel syndrome
Symptoms of Neuropathy
Numbness, “pins and needles” sensation in feet, legs or arms
Neuropathy can lead to muscle weakness in affected areas

Diabetes : A leading cause of peripheral neuropathy, 60-70%
              people with Diabetes have mild to severe forms of
              nervous system damage

Kidney disorders :            High amounts of toxic substances in the

              blood can damage nerve tissue, patients requiring
              dialysis may develop polyneuropathy

Vit. Deficiency :           Vitamins deficiencies particularly

              (E,B1,B6,B12) are essential to healthy nerve function.
              Thiamine deficiency can cause painful neuropathy of
              extremities
Oxidative Stress and Alpha-lipoic acid
                         Hyperglycemia


      Polyol              Glucose auto-
     Pathway                oxidation


       AGE
    formation
                         Oxidative Stress   X

                          Nerve Ischemia



 ALA increases Glutathione (GSH), which is an important anti-
 oxidant.
 ALA acts as powerful lipophilic, free radical scavenger
Methylcobalamin
   Neurologically active form of Vit.B12
 Provoke re-generation of nerves without side-
effects
 Vit.B12 and Folate (Folic acid) work
synergistically
 Have role in methylation (process for the
maintenance of brain chemistry and nerves and
plays role in synthesis of Dopamine)
Benfothiamine
 Lipid soluble form of Thiamine
(Vit.B12)
 Effective precursor of active Thiamine
 Used in treatment of alcohol neuritis
 Used in General nerve
health, Fibromyalgia
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal phosphate):

   Water soluble Vitamin
   Acts as a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid
     metabolism
   Also necessary for enzymatic reaction governing the release
     of glucose from glycogen
   Neurotransmitter synthesis
   Hemoglobin synthesis and function
Biotin (Vit.H):
Symptoms of overt biotin deficiency include:
 Hair loss (alopecia)
 Conjunctivitis
 Dermatitis in the form of a scaly red rash around the eyes,
nose, mouth, and genital area.
 Neurological symptoms in adults such as depression, lethargy,
       hallucination, and numbness and tingling of the extremities
Say NO to
  Diabetes
 and YES to
     Life



Thank You

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Presentation on diabetes complications and treatment

  • 1. Diabetic Retinopathy I. Complications of Diabetes for both : Type I Type II II. Blood Glucose levels increases for a long ,changes occur in tiny blood vessels that supply blood to retina III. Person notices: Blotch Blurriness Dark spots
  • 2. What causes Diabetic Retinopathy ? Hyperglycemia (Diabetes) High Blood Sugar Changes Blood vessels of Retina Blood vessels (Retina) swell and leak fluid Fluid leaks into “Macula” Blurred Vision
  • 3. Symptoms: Patients complain of spots or floaters Central vision may become blurred or go in and out of focus Patients may complain of blockage of vision Others may notice difficulty seeing at night Risk Factors: Diabetes Pregnancy High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol
  • 5. Diabetic Neuropathy Affect nerves throughout the body (most commonly affects nerves in feet and legs) Types of Diabetic Neuropathy  Peripheral neuropathy  Autonomic neuropathy  Focal neuropathy  Proximal Neuropathy What causes Neuropathy ?  Lifestyle factors-smoking,alcohol consumption  Metabolic factors (duration of diabetes)  Nerve and blood vessel factors (damage to blood vessels)  Nerve injury such as Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • 6. Symptoms of Neuropathy Numbness, “pins and needles” sensation in feet, legs or arms Neuropathy can lead to muscle weakness in affected areas Diabetes : A leading cause of peripheral neuropathy, 60-70% people with Diabetes have mild to severe forms of nervous system damage Kidney disorders : High amounts of toxic substances in the blood can damage nerve tissue, patients requiring dialysis may develop polyneuropathy Vit. Deficiency : Vitamins deficiencies particularly (E,B1,B6,B12) are essential to healthy nerve function. Thiamine deficiency can cause painful neuropathy of extremities
  • 7. Oxidative Stress and Alpha-lipoic acid Hyperglycemia Polyol Glucose auto- Pathway oxidation AGE formation Oxidative Stress X Nerve Ischemia ALA increases Glutathione (GSH), which is an important anti- oxidant. ALA acts as powerful lipophilic, free radical scavenger
  • 8. Methylcobalamin  Neurologically active form of Vit.B12  Provoke re-generation of nerves without side- effects  Vit.B12 and Folate (Folic acid) work synergistically  Have role in methylation (process for the maintenance of brain chemistry and nerves and plays role in synthesis of Dopamine)
  • 9. Benfothiamine  Lipid soluble form of Thiamine (Vit.B12)  Effective precursor of active Thiamine  Used in treatment of alcohol neuritis  Used in General nerve health, Fibromyalgia
  • 10. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal phosphate):  Water soluble Vitamin  Acts as a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid metabolism  Also necessary for enzymatic reaction governing the release of glucose from glycogen  Neurotransmitter synthesis  Hemoglobin synthesis and function
  • 11. Biotin (Vit.H): Symptoms of overt biotin deficiency include:  Hair loss (alopecia)  Conjunctivitis  Dermatitis in the form of a scaly red rash around the eyes, nose, mouth, and genital area.  Neurological symptoms in adults such as depression, lethargy, hallucination, and numbness and tingling of the extremities
  • 12. Say NO to Diabetes and YES to Life Thank You