3.pillars of embedded io t and physical devices

Unit 3: Pillars of Embedded IoT and
Physical Devices
1 Jaydeep Patil AISSMS IOIT Pune

Contents
 Horizontal, verticals and four pillars of IoT: M2M,
RFID, WSN, SCADA
 DCM: Device, Connect and Manage
 IoT Physical Devices and Endpoints
 Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi
 Raspberry Pi Interfaces & Programming
 Beagle Board and Other IoT Devices

Horizontal, Verticals & Four Pillars of
IoT
 One of the common characteristics of the IoT is
that objects in a IoT world have to be
instrumented, interconnected, before anything
can be intelligently processed and used
anywhere, anytime, anyway and anyhow,
which are 5A and 3I characteristics.
 Another common feature that IoT brought to ICT
is the way information is generated.

 To achieve such 5A and 3I capabilities, some
common, horizontal, general-purpose
technologies, standards and platforms, especially
middleware platforms based on common data
representations have to be established to support
various vertical applications effectively and
unlimited new applications can be added.
 E.g. standard wired and wireless networks,
DBMS, Security Framework, web-based three-
tiered middleware, multitenant PaaS, SOA
(Service Oriented Arch) interface……

Key benefits of Horizontal standard
based platforms
 Faster and less costly application development
 More highly functional, robust and secure
applications.
 Application Developers need not have to
understand the entire value chain
 Will increase the rate of innovation in the industry

Four Pillars of IoT
 M2M: Machine to Machine
 RFID: Radio Frequency Identification
 WSN: Wireless Sensor Networks
 SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition

4 Pillars & related networks

4 Pillars & their relevance Networks

M2M: The Internet of Devices
 In US M2M is more popular than IoT
 M2M, RFID and WSN are similar, but when the
underlying communication network is considered,
then they are different.
 M2M mostly uses cellular wireless networks,
sometimes wired or hybrid, to connect to central
server (software program)

Application areas for Cellular
M2M
 Medical: Wireless medical device
 Security: Home alarm & surveillance
 Utility: Smart metering
 Manufacturing: Industrial automation
 Automotive: Tracking vehicles
 Transport: Traffic systems
 Advertising & public messaging: Billboard
 Kiosk: Vending
 Telematics: Fleet management
 Etc…

Key barriers to scaling the global
M2M market
 Lack of local access media
 Fragmented nature of both the technology
vendors and the solutions they provide
 Lack of any single killer application that can
consolidate the market and drive demand forward
 Increased cost of development and integration
 Managements inabilities to highlight the benefits
of M2M

RFID: The Internet of Objects
 IoT first used by Kevin Ashton (Co-founder and
executive director of the Auto-ID Center, when he
was doing research at Massachusetts Institute in
1999
 Auto-ID Lab: a research federation in the field of
networked RFID and emerging sensing
technologies

RFID Tag…
 RFID tag is a simplified, low cost, disposable
contactless smartcard
 Includes a chip to store a static number (ID) and
attributes of the tagged objet and an antenna
 RFID Tags can be active, passive or semipassive
 It tags on an “unintelligent” object like pallet or
and animal

RFID value chain & Vendors
Applica
tions
Data
Management
Hardware/Readers
Chips/Tags

WSN: The Internet of
Transducers
 WSN: is more for sensing and information-
collecting purposes
 Recently with the development of WSN, it led to
distributed wireless sensor and actuator networks
(WSANs)
 Extended scope of WSN is the USN (Ubiquitous
Sensor Network), a network of intelligent sensors.

Sensor Network Architecture
 Operator
 Base
Station/sink
 Sensor node

SCADA: The Internet of
Controllers
 Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition
 Was generally referred as Industrial Control
Systems (ICSs): computer systems that monitor
and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-
based processes…

SCADA Subsystems
 A human-machine interface (HMI)
 Remote terminal units (RTUs)
 PLCs: Programmable logic controllers
 DCSs: Distributed control systems

DCM
Three layer architecture of IoT
 Device
 Connect
 Manage
Slogan for TongFang Co.Ltd. in 2005
In 2008 Numerex created a better acronym
called DNA (devices, networks and applications)

Device: Things That Talk
 Two categories of devices
 That have inherent intelligence such as electric
meter or heating, ventilation and air-conditioning
(HVAC) controllers and
 That are inert and must be enabled to become
smart devices (e.g. RFID tagged) such as furniture
or animals that can electronically tracked and
monitored – things that “talk”

 Devices that perform an input function are
commonly called sensors
 Devices that perform an output function are
generally called actuators

Connect: via Pervasive Networks
 Two major communication technologies
 Wired or wireline networks
 Short-range field bus based access networks
 IP-based networks
 Wireless networks
 Short-range
 Long-range
 Satellite IoT

Manage: To create new business
value
 Present market scenario is customer-driven and
technology based
 Along with best customer service it is required to
extend more offerings to meet current customer
demands
 IoT brings enormous possibilities and potentials
for creating new business value and generating
new revenue ecosystems.

IoT Physical Devices and
Endpoints
 Basic building blocks of and IoT device
 Exemplary device: Raspberry Pi
 Raspberry Pi interfaces
 Programming Raspberry Pi with Python
 Beagle board and Other IoT Devices

What is an IoT Device?
 “Thing” or “Device”
 An object with unique identifier
 Capable of sending and receiving data over a
network
 Connected to internet and sending information
about themselves or about their surroundings
 Allow actuation upon the physical entities or
environment around them remotely.

Basic Building blocks of an IoT
Device
Functional attributes
 Sensing
 Actuation
 Communication
 Analysis &
Processing

Raspberry Pi (Model B, Revision
2)
 Processor: Single Core ARM1176JZ-F, 700MHz
 RAM: 512MB SDRAM
 USB Ports: Two USB 2.0 ports
 Ethernet Port: Standard RJ45
 HDMI Output
 Composite Video Output: RCA Jack supporting PAL & NTSC
video output
 Audio Output: 3.5mm jack
 GPIO Pins: 26 pins
 Display Serial Interface: DSI
 Camera Serial Interface: CSI)
 SD Card Slot
 Power Input
 Status LEDs

Raspberry Pi Interfaces
 Serial
 SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface): five pins
 MISO (Master In Slave Out)
 MOSI (Master Out Slave In)
 SCK (Serial Clock)
 CE0 (Chip Enable 0)
 CE1 (Chip Enable 1)
 I2C: Two pins
 SDA (Data Line)
 SCL (Clock line)

The Raspberry Pi 3 (Latest)
 It replaced the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B in February
2016.
 Quad Core 1.2GHz Broadcom BCM2837 64bit CPU
 1GB RAM
 BCM43438 wireless LAN and Bluetooth Low Energy
(BLE) on board
 40-pin extended GPIO
 4 USB 2 ports
 4 Pole stereo output and composite video port
 Full size HDMI
 CSI camera port for connecting a Raspberry Pi camera
 DSI display port for connecting a Raspberry Pi
touchscreen display
 Micro SD port for loading your operating system and
storing data

Programming Raspberry Pi with
Python
 Controlling LED
 Interfacing and LED and switch
 Interfacing and LDR

Other IoT Devices
 pcDuino
 BeagleBone Black

References
 T2: Honbo Zhou, “The Internet of Things in the
Cloud: A Middleware Perspective” Chapter No. 03
 T1: Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, “Internet of
Things – A hands-on approach” Chapter No. 07

3.pillars of embedded io t and physical devices

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to 3.pillars of embedded io t and physical devices

Similar to 3.pillars of embedded io t and physical devices (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

3.pillars of embedded io t and physical devices