Erasmus+ project newspaper

1. A story of 30 years: from Erasmus to Erasmus+
“This is the blog of the pro-
ject titled “Reading in En-
glish for Amusement and
Dialogue in Europe (READ
in Europe)” sponsored by
the European Union within
Erasmus+ programme for
strategic partnership for
schools only”.
Paricipa'ng Schools
Százhalomba4ai Arany
János Általános Iskola és
Gimnázium, Hungary
Srednja skola Hvar, Croa*a
FEC Santo Tomás de Aqui-
no La MIlagrosa, Spain
Burhan Felek Anadolu Lis-
esi, Turkey
Liceo Scien'fico Pasteur,
Italy
Pr zadeikio gimnazija,
Lithuania
2017 marks 30 years of Eras-
mus+. The original Erasmus pro-
gramme began in 1987 as an
exchange programme giving
higher educa'on students a tas-
te of life and learning abroad.
You can read more about the
anniversary on the European
Commission’s dedicated Eras-
mus+ 30 webpage, including a
video.In the ensuing thirty years,
Erasmus grew and has developed
into something much bigger,
which is reflected in the addi'on
of the ‘+’ in 2014 to create Eras-
mus+ .Today, Erasmus+ funds
thousands of opportuni'es a
year, for students, staff,
teachers, appren'ces and young
people, from across educa'on,
training, youth and sport. Pro-
jects cover a huge range of to-
pics and the programme now
extends beyond Europe with
ini'a'ves like Interna'onal Cre-
dit Mobility.
Erasmus+ READ in Europe
Special points of in-
terest:
• Music
• Sports
• Technology
• Weather
• Cousine
• Culture
Culture of Turkey 5
RIMAC Automobili 7
Hungarian Apps 9
New Technology Innova-
tions in Spain
10
Lithuanian Shrovetide
pancakes
13
Sport in Italy 20
Unusually cold weather
in Hungary
22
Inside this issue:
February 2017
Spanish Edition
Volume 1, Issue 3
Erast@gram
The project addresses
secondary students of
14-17 who are studying
English as a foreign lan-
guage. The aim is to de-
velop students’ literacy
skills with reading, wri-
'ng and ac'ng out lite-
rary pieces of par'cipa-
'ng cultures. At the
same 'me teachers can
share their teaching
prac'ces and metho-
dology, too.
From erasmusplus.org

2. The story of Faros, today's Stari Grad, be-
gan back in 384 BC when the ancient Greeks
from the island of Paros sailed into Stari Grad
Bay and founded the town. In 2016 Stari
Grad celebrates important anniversary - 2400
years of and nomina'on for European Best
Des'na'on 2017.Houses around you are not
just ruins of some other civiliza'on but proof
of con'nuity of life long 2400 year.
It hosted numerous cultural,
gastro and sport events
throughout the last few
months.Each one brought a
different experience whether
you like to listen to „klapa“
singing on one of the many
Stari Grad squares, riding a
bike through the UNESCO Stari
Grad plain, or just tas'ng tra-
di'onal dishes prepared by restaurant chefs.
Stari Grad Brass Orchestra celebrated 140
years of con'nuous ac'vity. As part of the
celebra'ons they prepared a special pro-
gramme for this summer. The first concert
was held on the 8th of June at 20:30 on
„Škor“ Square ,were famous klapa Cambi
had a concert ,with special quests and the
Town of Hvar Brass Orchestra.Some of Stari
Grad specials are Starogrojski paprenjok
(tradi'onal pastry), lavender pastry or some
of the area’s precious wines. Starogrojski
paprenjok is a tradi'onal pastry which was
gible Cultural Heritage. The most
recognisable feature is men in
scary wooden musks with big
teeth and horns, dressed in furry
sheep's skin, who run around
making loud noises and chasing
women and playfully smacking
them.
Similar Carnival celebra'ons are held
in other parts of the world such as
the Rio Carnival and the Venice Car-
nival – but in Hungary one of the
largest Farsang events is held in the
southern city of Mohács, with what’s
called the Busójárás. This huge event
is recognised by UNESCO as an Intan-
The famous Busójárás
of fun before Easter because of that 40-day
Lenten fast period in between. Tradi'onally
on the final day, Tuesday, straw scarecrows
would be burnt, to send winter away. For
those following folk and Chris'an tradi'ons,
the Lent period is used as a chance to fast
and prepare for spring ahead of the big East-
er celebra'ons.
the most popular. The Busójárás follows old
folk tradi'ons and is acknowledged by
UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage.
There are different events during this carnival
such as busójárás, Shakespeare ball and Fat
Thursday.
The high-point of Farsang is its last three
days, which changes dates each year depend-
ing on the dates of Easter. These last three
days are called Farsang Farka ("the tail of
Farsang") and lasts from the so-called
Farsang Sunday through to Shrove Tues-
day (or "Húshagyókedd" in Hungarian). These
final fes'vi'es are tradi'onally the last burst
In Hungary the carnival season (Farsang)
that precedes Lent, starts on Epiphany
(January 6th) and it ends on Ash Wednesday.
The first day of Farsang, on January 6, is also
the day when, tradi'onally, many families
take down and throw out their Christmas
trees.
Farsang is marked by many fun fes'vi'es,
masquerades, balls and noisy parades that
aim to scare off winter and welcome spring.
There are many celebra'ons held throughout
Hungary with the Busójárás in Mohács being
Carnival Time in HUNGARY and ITALY
“The Busójárás follows old folk
tradi6ons and is acknowledged by
UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural
Heritage”
Culture, we love
Page 2 Erast@gram
STARI GRAD in Croatia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7F41zA62b_0

3. The Carnival of Venice is an annual
fes'val held in Venice, Italy. The Carnival
ends with the Chris'an celebra'on of
Lent, forty days before Easter, on Shrove
Tuesday (Martedì Grasso), the day befo-
re Ash Wednesday.
Masks have always been an important
feature of the Vene'an carnival. Tradi-
'onally people were allowed to wear
them between the fes'val of Santo Ste-
fano (St. Stephen's Day) and the start of
the Carnival season at midnight of Shro-
ve Tuesday. Vene'an masks can be ma-
de of leather, porcelain or using the
original glass technique. The most important
masks are the Bauta,Colombina, the Plague
doctor, Arlecchino, Pantalone and More4a.
In these days people usually eat 'pical cakes,
like Frappe or Castagnole, parade in the
streets dressed in their costumes throwing
confeU and celebra'ng.
The carnival of venice, ITALY
The second event is the concert of the Dance
Day that takes place in the stadium “Žalgiris”.
It is a mass performance of one dance com-
posi'on performed by dancers of different
ages. The composi'on is created following
one common mo've with the emphasis on
the customs observed during work and family
related fes'vals. The composi'ons are creat-
ed by professional staged folk dance chore-
ographers.
The final touch in the series of the song and
dance celebra'on events is the Song Day
taking place in Vingis Park, on an outdoor
stage designed especially for the Song Day.
Approximately 400 choirs, 15 000 singers of
children, youth, female, male, and mixed
choirs take part in the Song Day concert.
Tradi'onally, harmonized or specially tuned
folk songs, works composed by classic or
contemporary composers are performed on
the Song Day.
The three Bal'c na'ons –
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithu-
ania - were united by their
historical fate at the end
of the 18th century. All
the three of na'ons were
occupied by the Russian
Empire. The idea of free-
dom, unity, and raising of
the self-awareness of the
people in those countries
flourished in the 19th
century, at the 'me when
smaller na'ons all over
Europe were libera'ng
themselves from the op-
pression of the bigger
ones. Nowadays, the song celebra'on lasts
few days and is divided into few parts.
The first event is the Folk Song and Dance
Ensemble Night. Its tradi'onal venue is the
outdoor stage in Kalnų Park. A folk song and
dance ensemble combines representa'ves of
three genres: a choir that performs harmo-
nized Lithuanian folk or songs a band of mod-
ified Lithuanian na'onal instruments and a
dance company that performs folk dances .
The performances are usually centred round
certain mo'ves, for example, the customs
and tradi'ons related to work, family.
The na'onal song and dance celebra'on
tradi'on has lasted for a hundred years and
grew up into the most significant and largest
cultural event in Lithuania. It develops crea-
've self-expression, vitality of the na'onal
culture, and promotes ar's'c ac'vity by
periodically gathering amateur ar's'c groups
of different genres and culture professionals
to enormous fes'vals that evoke enthusias'c
society’s response.
Lithuanian Song Festival
“Tradi6onally people were allowed
to wear them between the fes6val
of Santo Stefano “
Page 3Volume 1, Issue 3

4. There are many popular tradi'ons in
Spain but Flamenco, Fallas and Art with
wri'ng and pain'ng ahead are 4he first
posi'ons.
Flamenco is a flokloric dance from the
South of Spain. People from there dance
it in the “Feria de Abril” of Sevilla every
year.
Bullfigh'ng is a special tradi'on for
Spanish people. It´s celebrated in a bull-
figh'ng square, where the bullfighter
beats a bull with beau'ful movements.
Fallas are celebrated in Valencia, people
from there build huge wooden statues
and burn them to celebrate the Saint
Joseph´s day.
In the Spanish Literature´s history, great
authors such as Miguel de Cervantes,
Lope de Vega, Francisco de Quevedo or
Federico García Lorca, have been really
important, because they had a very
special way to express their feelings
and ideas.
Art in Spain has advanced a lot
along the history, with many influ-
ences. But it has not reached its highest
point un'l the “Golden Century” ( XVI –
XVII century ) with famous painters like
Diego Velázquez or “El Greco”. Nowa-
days, you can visit lots of art museums
to appreciate the art in Spain, such us
“Museo del Prado” or “Museo Reina
So_a”.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_art
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_litera
ture
http://www.spain.net/spain-guide/spanish-
traditions.html
Spanish Traditions
Page 4 Erast@gram

5. The culture of Turkey combines a heavily
diverse and heterogeneous set of elements
that have been derived from the various cul-
tures of the Eastern Mediterranean (West
Asian) region and to a lesser degree, South-
eastern European, Caucasian, and Central
Asian tradi6ons. Many of these tradi6ons
were ini6ally brought together by the O0o-
man Empire, a mul6-ethnic and mul6-
religious state. The present-day Republic of
Turkey, which was declared in 1923 a6er the
dissolu6on of the O0oman Empire, is s6ll a
transcon6nental country that spans Europe
and Asia.
During the early years of the re-
public, the government invested a large
amount of resources into fine arts such as
pain6ngs, sculpture and architecture. This
was done as both a process of moderniza6on
and of crea6ng a cultural iden6ty. Because of
the different historical factors defining the
Turkish iden6ty, the culture of Turkey com-
bines clear efforts of moderniza6on and
Westerniza6on undertaken in varying de-
grees since the 1700s, with a simultaneous
desire to maintain tradi6onal religious and
historical values.
Turkish culture has undergone profound
changes over the last century. Today, Turkey
may be the only country that contains every
extreme of Eastern and Western culture
(along with many compromises and fusions
between the two). The O0oman system was
a mul6-ethnic state that enabled people
within it not to mix with each other and
thereby retain separate ethnic and religious
iden66es within the empire (albeit with a
dominant Turkish and Southern European
ruling class). Upon the fall of the empire a6er
World War I the Turkish Republic adapted a
unitary approach, which forced all the differ-
ent cultures within its borders to mix with
each other with the aim of producing na6on-
al and cultural iden6ty. This mixing, instead
of producing cultural homogeniza6on, in-
stead resulted in many shades of grey as the
tradi6onal Muslim cultures of Anatolia collid-
ed with the cosmopolitan modernity of Istan-
bul and the wider West.
Poli6cal, legal, religious,
cultural, social, and economic poli-
cy changes were designed to con-
vert the new Republic of Turkey
into a secular, modern na6on-
state. These changes were imple-
mented under the leadership of
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. As a re-
sult, Turkey is one of the most
westernized Islamic na6ons.
Turkish literature is the collec6on
of wri0en and oral texts composed
in the Turkish language,either in its
O0oman form or in less exclusively
literary forms, such as that spoken
in the Republic of Turkey today.
Tradi6onal examples for Turkish folk litera-
ture include the stories of Karagöz and Haci-
vat, Keloğlan, İncili Çavuş and Nasreddin
Hoca, as well as the works of folk poets such
as Yunus Emre and Aşık Veysel. The Book of
Dede Korkut and the Epic of Köroğlu have
been the main elements of the Turkish epic
tradi6on in Anatolia for several centuries.
Culture of Turkey
“...changes were implemented
under the leadership of Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk”
Page 5Volume 1, Issue 3

6. Early O0oman period (1299–1326)
With the establishment of the O0oman Em-
pire, the years 1300–1453 cons6tute the
early or first O0oman period in architecture,
when O0oman art was in search of new ide-
as. This period witnessed three types of
mosques: 6ered, single-domed and subline-
angled mosques. The Hacı Özbek Mosque
(1333) in İznik, the first important center of
O0oman art, is the first example of an O0o-
man single-domed mosque.
During the classical period, mosque plans
changed to include inner and outer court-
yards. The inner courtyard and the mosque
were inseparable. The master architect of the
classical period, Mimar Sinan, was born in
1492 in Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the
year 1588. Sinan started a new era in world
architecture, crea6ng 334 buildings in various
ci6es. Mimar Sinan's first important work
was the Şehzade Mosque, completed in 1548.
His second significant work was the Süley-
maniye Mosque and the
surrounding complex,
built for Suleiman the
Magnificent. The Selimiye
Mosque in Edirne was
built during the years
1568-74, when Sinan was
in his prime as an archi-
tect. The Rüstem Pasha
Mosque, Mihrimah Sul-
tan Mosque, Ibrahim
Pasha Mosque, and the Şehzade Mosque, as
well as the türbes (mausoleum) of Suleiman
the Magnificent, Roxelana and Selim II are
among Sinan's most renowned works. Most
classical period designs used the Byzan6ne
architecture of the neighboring Balkans as its
base, and from there, ethnic elements were
added, crea6ng a different architectural style.
Examples of O0oman architecture of the
classical period, aside from Turkey, can also
be seen in the Balkans, Hungary, Egypt, Tuni-
sia and Algiers, where mosques, bridges,
fountains and schools were built.
“Sinan started a new era in world
architecture, crea6ng 334 buildings
in various ci6es. “
Page 6 Erast@gram

7. NEW TECHNOLOGY AROUND
The event was a three -day mentoring
camp during which the par'cipants (kids
from 15 to 17 years) learned from one Ameri-
can and three Croa'an robo'cs experts how
to design, build and operate robots. Out of
only 19 students who got the chance to par-
'cipate, we're proud to share that 3 of them
were ours, the students of Hvar Elementary
school. The par'cipants did numerous tasks
related to computers, programming and
technology. They learned everything about
circuits and connec'ng lights, typers and
ba4eries into circuits. They've also learnt all
Mechaniza'on is becoming the way of
21st
century life, and with it, the field of ro-
bo'cs is booming. In winter 2015 a robo'cs
camp was held in northern Croa'a.
about
basic programming using the program
"RoboPro". On the last day, the par'cipants
built their own robots ,as well, and even pro-
grammed them to walk on the certain path.
The aim of the camp was to expand the
par*cipants’ knowledge about robo*cs,
promote innova*on, encourage technology
startups, and use science to encourage tol-
erance.
ROBOTICS CAMP
Today, hard work has made my
dream come true.
circuit races. At one of these races,
the gas engine blew up. Then I decid-
ed to try building an EV. After one
year the car was able to drive but I
was not satisfied with the result. It was
heavy, and the range was very lim-
ited, so I started gathering a team of
experts to develop our own compo-
nents since I believed that the electric
propulsion can give much more com-
pared to what was available on the
market. At that time, I already had a
very clear vision of my ultimate goal.
Rimac Automobili is a Croatian car
manufacturer that develops and pro-
duces high-performance electric cars
headquartered in Sveta Nedelja, Cro-
atia. Rimac Automobili's first model,
the Concept One, is known as the
world's fastest production electric ve-
hicle. The groundwork for the compa-
ny began in 2007 as a garage-housed
hobby of founder, Mate Rimac who
converted his BMW E30 to incorporate
an electric powertrain “I owned an
old BMW which I used for drift and
RIMAC AUTOMOBILI
“Rimac Automobili is a Croatian
car manufacturer that
develops and produces high-
performance electric cars “
Page 7Volume 1, Issue 3

8. A wise saying of the greatest Croa'an inven-
tor and visionary - Nikola Tesla, o`en called
one of history’s most important inventors,
one whose discoveries in the field of electrici-
ty were way ahead of his 'me and con'nue
to influence technology today. So who was
the ''Genius who lit the world'' and without
whom we wouldn't know the world the way
it's today. So, Nikola Tesla was Croa'an-
American engineer and physicist born in a
small village Smiljan, on July 10th, 1856. He
finished elementary school in Smiljan, gym-
nasium in Rakovac, a`er he studied math and
physics at the Technical University of Graz
and philosophy at the University of Prague. In
1884, he moved to New York to work with
Thomas Alva Edison, who has taken ad-
vantage of Tesla telling him to improve the
design of his DC dynamos, which Tesla did,
but didn't get the money in return as they
agreed, so
Tesla quit soon a`er and started his company
''Tesla Electric Light Company'' which wasn't
as successful as planned .That period is
known as ''War of Currents'' - Tesla struggled
to introduce the applica'on of AC and
its benefits, while Edison fought for DC
beca use it was making him money.
Along the first alterna'ng current (AC)
motor and development of AC genera-
'on, he invented
transmission technology, induc'on
engine, remote control, three-phase
current, hydro power plants, Tesla's
transformer, first neon sign, glow lamp,
wireless telegraph, wireless power
transfer... Though he was famous and
respected, he was never able to translate his
copious inven'ons into long-term financial
success - unlike his early employer and chief
rival, Thomas Edison, and that's why he's
o`en described as ''Brilliant scien'st, but
terrible businessman''.
He died on January 7. 1943 in New York.
However, his impact will always be remem-
bered.
“Every living being is an engine
geared to the wheelwork of the
universe” Nikola Tesla
NIKOLA TESLA
Page 8 Erast@gram

9. We would like to introduce some recent
Hungarian applica'ons.
A smartphone app which takes away money
by pressing the snooze bu6on
The alarm applica'on called Snoopy was
developed by Csaba Toth and Balazs
Nemethi. The basic idea is is that you have to
pay money for using the snooze bu4on. So if
you do not wake up, it has a price. The cost
of a snooze is roughly half a dollar (HUF 130),
so your balance is reduced by this amount, if
you would like to sleep more.
Inven9on for the safety of your bikes:
Velotrack security system can prevent bike-
the`. The device collects data
with a GPS and a mo7on
detector in the bike. If someone
tries to move the bike the
owner immediately gets
informed. In addi7on, you can
see the routes you traveled and
the whereabouts of your friends
and family, thanks to the
smartphone applica7on. Its
opera7on is quite simple: the
owner places a virtual logical
lock on the parked bicycle. The
lock can inform the owner
about the safety of the
neighborhood, based on community sta7s7cs
of bike-the`s.
Applications developed by Hungarians
Lithuanian lasers cons7tute about 10 per
cent of the scien7fic laser market of the
world and are exported approximately to 100
countries, they are widely used in China,
South Korea and Japan.
Lithuanian lasers Carbide are used in eye
surgery and semiconductor industry.
World’s first tunable wavelength laser
NT2000 by the Lithuanian company Ekspla
was awarded as the best Scien7fic Laser at
Laser technologies is one of the spheres of
high technologies in which Lithuania has the
lead. No other branch of industry in Lithuania
dominates the world's market, whereas la-
sers and amplifiers are widely used all over
the world.
Lithuania has 11 science and laser technology
research centers.Over 50 per cent of world's
high energy lasers and ultra fast parametric
light generators are made in Lithuania.
the pres7gious 2010 Prism Awards for pho-
tonic innova7on in San Francisco, USA.
Some facts about Lithuanian LASER
split up, it would be beWer if they meet
themselves and talk to each other than doing
it by a Whatsapp chat ;-)!
TANDEM REVIEW
Tandem is an app, for
Android and iOS, that
helps you find na7ve
speakers of almost any
language who want to
learn your language in
exchange. You can
prac7ce listening, improve your pronuncia-
7on, and learn to speak a foreign language
like a local.
New technologies and new apps are very
useful for us. We can have chat rooms, vide-
ochat and share emo7ons and feelings. Nev-
ertheless, it’s important to meet other peo-
ple and to spend some of your own 7me with
them, because only talking face to face you
can understand if the other speaker is truth-
ful or not. For example, when a couple has to
Trending technology in Italy
“You can prac6ce listening, improve
your pronuncia6on, and learn to
speak a foreign language like a
local”
Page 9Volume 1, Issue 3
It's really simple to use: just log in,
find someone online who speaks
your target language, and invite them
to chat for free.
It's a really nice and usefull app. It
has the same purpose of Erasmus:
improve or learn the language and
get to know diferent cultures.

10. Due to the new technologies innova'ons in
Spain, at least of a 13% of the Spanish popu-
la'on admit that they can´t live without new
technologies.
Apart from the smartphones, social nets and
internet we´d like to point out Eolic energy.
In the biggest Spanish ci'es like Madrid or
Barcelona, the government started to build
some electric sta'ons to charge electric cars.
About public transport in Spain the high
speed rail network is very important , also,
some people developed apps for Smartphone
to order for a taxi.
In the last years, in Spain , 3D printed and
nanotechnology have increased a lot.
h4p://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/en_US/infra
estructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/lineas_
de_alta_velocidad.shtml
owns a mobile handset. It is therefore no
wonder that more than 4 million people are
ac've mobile banking app users. Social net-
works also seem to support this thesis: More
than 30 million Turks have a Facebook ac-
count, according to the Superintendence of
Banking.
Turkey’s posi;on within the European con-
text.
In the European context, fintech innova'on
is happening fastest in countries like Spain,
Turkey and Poland.
Which have radically revamped their banking
systems over the last decade to overcome
the limita'ons of their legacy
plaforms, according to American Banker.
In the specific case of Turkey, this reality is
Garan' Bankasi
released Bonus
Flas – its version of
BBVA Wallet – last
November, just as
BBVA announced
that it had reached
the million down-
loads in the other
markets where it
had rolled out the
banking app.
Today, BBVA Wal-
let has already been
downloaded three
million ;mes. In
The other markets
where BBVA Wallet
-is available, users keep downloading the app
at increasingly fast rates. In Turkey it broke
the 1 million download mark in a ma4er of
weeks.
What makes Turkey different?
Of all the factors that contribute to this phe-
nomenon, the key may very well be its young
popula'on: 50% is aged under 30. But Turks
are not only young, they are also well con-
nected: More than 84% of the popula;on
In the Turkish market, new mobile banking
apps are downloaded millions of 'mes very
quickly a`er launching. But, how did the
country become the perfect market for
new fintech solu9ons?
Not by chance: Turkey’s geographic loca'on
and economic situa'on have helped turn the
country into the perfect breeding ground for
innova'on and technology adop'on. The
rate at which BBVA Wallet is being down-
loaded in the country is a good example.
Technology, Turkey’s new passion
“BBVA Wallet has already been
downloaded three million 9mes”
NEW TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS IN SPAIN
Page 10 Erast@gram

11. undeniable: fintech companies a4racted
the third-highest volume of investments
in 2015, as there is a collabora7on rela-
7onship between tradi7onal banks
and fintech companies, The effect of this
connec7on between both sectors is fur-
ther amplified by a highly-developed credit
card market, within a mature banking sector,
and facilitated by the fact that 97% of trans-
ac7on volume happens domes7cally.
That’s it.
But, obviously, there had to be a downside to
this story. According to experts, Turkey – like
other technologically advanced countries
– faces one pressing challenge: the lack of
regula7ons. Once the country manages to
overcome this pifall, its passion promises
to reach new levels of intensity.
Crni rižot is a seafood delicacy with squid as
the main ingredient. The black color from the
squid inc gives this dish its dis7nc7ve
Mediterranean flavor.
then covered with hot coal. They are le` to
cook slowly in their own juices.
Paš9cada is a dish with beef. The meat is
first marinated for 24 hours in red wine,
garlic and various herbs such as rosemary
and sage.During the cooking you can add dry
plums, carrots, onions and cloves.
Tradi7onally paš%cada is served with
homemade gnocchi.
Dalma7an cuisine is characterized by its sim-
plicity and diversity. Healthy and delicious
meals, simple flavoring olive oil and fresh fish
are best for our health. Dalma7an cuisine for
the most part consists of fish and seafood. It
also includes meat special7es such as Dalma-
%an smoked ham and Dalma%an paš%cada.
In Dalma7a the most famous drink is wine.
Dalma'an special'es
Pršut is a Croa7an word for salted, dry-cured
ham. The best domes7c pršut is made with a
liWle help of nature. Bura (cold, dry northern
wind) is responsible for its texture and taste.
Peka is actually a word describing a method
of food prepara7on. All ingredients (lamb or
octopus, paired with seasoned potatoes) are
put under peka, a heavy iron lid, which is
Dalmatian Cuisine
Dalma%an cuisine for the most part
consists of fish and seafood
Page 11Volume 1, Issue 3
Delicious food to taste

12. ’Szalagos’ Doughnut’Szalagos’ Doughnut’Szalagos’ Doughnut’Szalagos’ Doughnut
Prep. Leavening Bake
15 min. 30 min. 10 min.
Approx. cost 8 Pounds
Ingredients (for about 20 doughnuts):
• 500 g flour
• 220 ml milk
• 40 g yeast
• 50 g sugar
• 60 g bu4er
• 5 db egg-yolk
• a pinch of salt
• oil for baking
• icing sugar
• apricot jam
Prepara7on
1. Mix the yeast and the 50 g sugar in
the lukewarm milk and put this
mixture to a warm place. Wait un7l
it swells.
2. Put the flour in a large bowl. Add
the melted buWer, the egg-yolks,
the yeast and a pinch of salt to the
flour and knead the mixture well.
3. Cover the dough, place it in a warm
place and let it rest and rise un7l
doubled for about half an hour.
4. Roll the dough out to ¼ inch
thickness. With a floured cookie
cuWer, cut into 2 inch rounds.
5. Heat oil in a deep fryer to 175
degrees C. Fry one layer of
doughnuts as they rise to the
surface un7l golden brown, about 2
to 3 minutes. Remove from oil,
being careful not to poke
doughnuts. Drain onto paper
towels and toss with sugar and
apricot jam, if desired.
Another well-known Italian dish is obviously
pizza, that mixes a lot of things.
Italian food is also characterized by the use of
many vegetables, such as tomatoes, carrots,
leWuces and legumes.
All the people who come here fall in love
Italian food is famous all around the world.
The main point of its success is its simplicity,
in fact Italian chefs prefer to concentrate on
the quality rather than on the quan7ty of
ingredients used.
A typical example of Italian food is pasta,
which can be prepared in many different
ways. The most common, especially in Rome
are “carbonara”, “al ragù” and also
“lasagna”.
with our
food, and
in the
same
way we
love our
food
each
7me we
eat it.
Italian food
„Heat oil in a deep fryer to 175
degrees C”
Hungarian traditional Carnival sweets in February
Page 12 Erast@gram

13. A very joyful spring feast-Shrove6de
(Pancakes Day) is widely celebrated in Lithua-
nia. On that day people have to make some
tradi6onal dishes and one of them are panca-
kes. Yeast pancakes are maybe the most
popular kind of pancakes. People like to eat
them for dinner because these pancakes are
quite sa6ated. So we want to share with you
a recipe of these delicious pancakes!
You need:
• 2 cups of flour.
• 20g of yeast.
• 2 eggs.
• 2-3 glass of milk.
• Some sugar and salt to
taste.
• Grated orange peel.
• Some raisins.
• Fat or oil for frying.
One-third of flour pour with boiling milk,
sprinkle the top with flour and leave it for a
half an hour to freeze.Mix yeast with sugar,
unscrew yolks with salt and put in dough.
Pour warm milk, mix it and put in a warm
place to rise. Put raisins into risen dough, add
Lithuanian favourite Shrovetide—Pancakes
Spain, land of wine and cheese where coun-
trymen enjoy some of the most characteris6c
dishes or dis6nguished drinks like wine.
If you’re a gourmet looking for classic but
also delighful flavours then we can assure
you this country is one of your best op6ons.
Here, at the beginning of your journey you
can taste some tapas such as gruel, crumble,
spicy potatoes, pintxos or jamon iberico to
prepare your tongue and stomach.
In summer you can enjoy some fresh dishes
like gazpacho, accompanied by sangria, or
eat paella in company while all of you are
having an horchata for dessert. But if you’re
more of a hot dishes person then we recom-
mend you callos a la madrileña, bacalao al pil
pil, stew or cocido madrileño.
Spanish Cousine
“A very joyful spring feast-
Shrove(de (Pancakes Day) is widely
celebrated in Lithuania”
Page 13Volume 1, Issue 3

14. BAKLAVA
Material manufacturer
Home Baking Ingredients
• 3 egg
• 1 glass of water Milk
• 1 water glass measure of oil
• 1 piece of baking powder
• 1 sweet spoon vinegar
• Half tea spoon salt
• Flour
• Walnut or hazelnut as you wish
• 200 grams of margarine or buer
Turkish Cousine
And if you’re s6ll hungry then some of our
best desserts will leave you with full stom-
ach. For example some leaflets, a hornazo or
a nougat made in Spain.
And don’t forget to book at some of our
many eminent restaurants spread through
the country, especially if you’re a fan of pizza,
meat or innovaBve dishes never seen before.
So, what are you waiBng for? A land full of
gastronomic opportuniBes is waiBng for you!
Page 14 Erast@gram

15. • Celery corn starch
Ingredients for Baklava Syrup
• 5 glasses of water
• 4 cups of powdered sugar
• A few drops of lemon juice
• 4 cups of sugar
• 5 glasses of water
• A few drops of lemon juice
In order to prepare an easy home baklava,
first empty the egg, milk, liquid oil, nectar,
baking powder and salt in the kneading con-
tainer and knead un'l the dough is so`ened
by adding the flour as much as possible. The
dough you prepare is divided into 30 equal
pieces.
Spread these pieces one by one over the size
of the plate, sprinkle some starch between
them, and put them on top of each other.
Bring each of these three parts we grouped
together into a tray size with the help of a
roller.
Pour half of the melted fat, taking care to
make sure you get exactly as you want it, and
come on all the way evenly. When preheated
180 ° C rinse, change the light color and take
the oil from the flour, run the remaining oil
and rinse it again in the oven.
Construc'on of Home Baklava Şerbe'n; 4
cups of sugar and 5 glasses of water into a
pot and boil for 15 minutes then add a few
drops of lemon into the syrup and boil for 1-2
minutes.
Bon Appe't
The tradi'onal folk music of Croa'a is of a
cappella singing that first appeared in li4oral
Croa'a during the middle of the 19th cen-
tury. The mo'fs in general celebrate love,
wine (grapes), country (homeland) and sea.
The main elements of the music are harmony
and melody, with rhythm very rarely being
very important. Although klapa is a cappella
music, on occasion it's possible to add a
gentle guitar and a mandolin. Klapa is usually
associated with Dalma'a, coastal region.
Most of the present-day ac'vi'es are the
result of the establishment of ins'tu'ons
over a century ago and a musical heritage
that extends back to the Middle Ages.
When talking about music and musical life in
Croa'a since 1991, it is obvious that the
country possesses a very ac've musical cultu-
re with different kinds of music genres.
Since its independence in 1991, Croa;a has
maintained a very ac;ve and vital musical
culture.
Music of Croatia
“Spread these pieces one by one
over the size of the plate, sprinkle
some starch between them, and put
them on top of each other”
Page 15Volume 1, Issue 3
Music for the senses

16. (summer) fes'vals, For example music fes'-
vals such as Balaton Sound , Volt fes'-
val,Fishing on Orfű and the biggest is the
Sziget fes'val. Lots of people come from
other countries of all ages and from all walks
of life.
Some informa'on about Sziget fes'val. It
started in 1993 and it has gradually become
one of the biggest fes'vals in Europe. In 2016
Nowadays music is essen'al for everyone
because it helps to relax and we forget all our
problems. Our country is famous for
almost 500.000 people visited the fes'val.
Several worldwide famous musicians per-
formed there. The most renowned ones are
Rihanna, Tom Odell, Sia, Twenty One Pilots,
Mar'n Garrix, Eminem.
And one of our most famous Hungarian band
is Punnany Massif. This is a boy band that
consists of 10 boys.
Their most enjoyable music is ÉLVEZD/Enjoy
Hungarian island of freedom
such as euro disco and eurodance. Dino
Dvornik is one of the pioneers of electronic
music in Croa'an. The dance female singers
of Croa'a are Vanna and Vesna Pisarović.
The band Colonia is perhaps the only one
that rode the dance wave of the '90s and
today is one of the most popular most popu-
lar pop-folk singers and mainstream Rozga.
As you could no'ce, the music of Croa'a is
full of diversity, but croa'an music industry
has been non-stop growing since 1991, and
although it's not as popular worlwide as in
the country itself, popular music isn't neces-
sary quality music.
As everywhere, pop music is unavoidable.
Croa'an mainstream pop ar'sts include:
Oliver Dragojević, Gibonni, Dino Dvornik,
Toni Ce'nski,Petar Grašo, Thompson and
others. Some of the most successful and
long-las'ng rock music acts include Parni
valjak and Prljavo kazalište. A highly acclai-
med singer-
songwriter is the chanson-inspired Arsen
Dedić.
Dance music in Croa'a was an offspring of
the local pop music and more Western in-
fluences. It developed during the late 1980s
and early 1990s, picking up on the trends
“Dance music in Croa(a was an
offspring of the local pop music and
more Western influences”
Page 16 Erast@gram
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=2-6NB2SEgLk
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=UrGS9EARHRc

17. Fes'val of Sanremo is a popular compe''on
of Italian music that is born in Liguria,
Sanremo, in 1951. At this event had parteci-
pated a lot of the most important singers of
Italian light and pop music. Fes'val rap-
present one of the
most important
media'c Italian
event with a good
media coverage
because is trans-
mi4ed live broad-
cast, Eurovision and
on the radio. De-
spite this edi'on
has been object of many polemics and cri'cs
, also this year it has reached a lot of listen-
ers. The event consists in a compe'ton be-
tween song selected in the privies month by
an apposit juries of persons. Those songs
must be composed in italian by Italian autors
with text and never been pubblished and
played before the show is completated with
the partecipa'on of a lot of famous star.
Compe'tors are devided in two categories:
the first is composed by young singer and the
second one is the category of the famous
singer. The singers has judged both an ex-
perts jury and by the popular televo'ng. In
the compe''on has assigned other specials
rewards, between that the reward of the
cri'que “Mia Mar'na”. Statue of the lion of
Sanremo is the most pres'gious recogni'on
for the Italian musician.
San Remo—Italy
ethnographical regions: monophony, mul'-
voiced homophony and polyphony. Monop-
hony mostly occurs in southern (Dzūkija),
southwest (Suvalkija) and eastern
(Aukštai'ja) parts of Lithuania. Mul'-voiced
homophony, widespread in en're Lithuania,
is the most archaic in Samogi'a. Tradi'onal
vocal music is held in high esteem on a world
scale: Lithuanian song fests and sutar'nės
mul'part songs are on the UNESCO's repre-
senta've list of the Masterpieces of the Oral
and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
Today I'm going to tell about Lithuania folk
music. Lithuanian folk music belongs to Bal'c
music branch which is connected with neoli-
thic culture. In Lithuanian territory meets
two musical cultures: stringed (kanklių) and
wind instrument cultures.
These instrumental cultures probably formed
vocal tradi'ons. Lithuanian folk music is ar-
chaic, mostly used for ritual purposes, contai-
ning elements of paganism faith.
Vocal music has three ancient styles of sin-
ging in Lithuania connected with
Lithuanian folk music
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=9kVqipJbsgU
Page 17Volume 1, Issue 3

18. Spanish music is something very important
for the culture of Spain. There are many
different styles developed through the differ-
ent moments of history. Since the first mani-
festa'on of art before the own existence of
Spain, un'l now.
The la'n culture has a very important influ-
ence into pop music. Most of the popular
songs in Spain at the moment are la'n ar'sts
with their songs. That is because we share
the same language and most of the tradi-
'ons.
Some Spanish ar'sts are, for example:
Melendi, Malu, Álvaro Soler, Mónica Naranjo,
Fangoria, Alejandro Sanz, etc…
On the top of Spanish current popular
music we can see: Despacito by Luis
Fonsi, Chantaje by Shakira and Malu-
ma, Traicionera by Sebas'an Yatram
and Safari by J Balvin.
This is a picture of the coaches of our
own “The Voice” program.
two daughters and a son. The couple divor-
ced a`er ten years of marriage
BARIŞ MANÇO
Mehmet Barış Manço (born Tosun Yusuf
Mehmet Barış Manço 2 January 1943 – 1
February 1999), known by his stage
name Barış Manço, was
a Turkish rock musician, singer, songwriter,
composer, and television producer.Beginning
his musical career while a4end-
ing Galatasaray High School, he was a pio-
neer of rock music in Turkey and one of the
founders of the Anatolian rock genre. Manço
composed around 200 songs and is among
the best-selling and most awarded Turkish
ar'sts to date. Many of his songs were trans-
lated into a variety of languages includ-
ing English, French, Japanese, Greek, Italian,
Bulgari-
an, Romanian, Persian, Hebrew, Urdu, Arabic,
and German, among others. Through his TV
program, 7'den 77'ye ("From 7 to 77"),
Manço traveled the world and visited most
countries on the globe. He remains one of
the most popular public figures of Turkey.
first marriage and two younger sisters, Ayşe
and Nadiye.
His mother Döne also died early, and his
father married again, to Arzu. From this third
marriage four sons, Ekrem, Ali, Muharrem
and Cemal, were born
Neşet married Leyla, a singer from Bolu, in
1960 in Ankara, where the two had met whi-
le performing at a night club. She bore him
NEŞET ERTAŞ
Neşet Ertaş was born in 1938, in Kıryllar, a
village in Kırşehir. His father, Muharrem Er-
taş, was also a folk poet his mother, Döne
Koç, was Muharrem's second wife, his first
wife, Ha'ce, having died early. Neşet was the
second eldest of four children; he had an
older half-brother, Neca', from his father's
Turkish
http://los40.com/lista40/
http://los40.com/lista40/lista40_numeros1.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJQP7kiw5Fk&feature=youtu.be
Spanish music
Page 18 Erast@gram

19. Fun with SPORT
Ka'nka Hosszú (pronounced [ˈkɒ'nkɒ
ˈhosːuː]; born 3 May 1989) is a Hungarian
compe''ve swimmer, who specializes in
individual medley events. She is a three-'me
Olympic champion and a five-'me long-
course world champion.
She is the first swimmer to hold world rec-
ords in all five individual medley events at
the same 7me. She competed at four Sum-
mer Olympics: 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016.
She currently swims for the Vasas SC, under
head coach Shane Tusup, who is also her
husband. She is one of the most versa7le
swimmers in the world, and was nicknamed
the "Iron Lady" which she has since turned
into a fast growing Interna7onal brand. She is
the first race-prize dollar millionaire in swim-
ming history.
The Hungarian Iron Lady
ship, Croa7a took 4th place. We played an
amazing game and are extremely happy
about it.
Croa7a, a country known by the beau7ful sea
and coast but also known as the winner of
some important and significant sports
events. With lots of great athletes it's hard to
choose the best. Janica Kostelic is considered
to be one of the greatest female skiers of all
7me, just like her brother Ivica Kostelic. From
individual athletes we also need to men7on
Blanka Vlasić. She is the European and World
high jump champion. Team sports are more
popular in this country especially handball,
football, basketball and water polo. Recently
in 2017 Worlds Men's Handball Champion-
Croatian Sport
“in 2017 Worlds Men's Handball
Championship, Croa(a took 4th
place”
Page 19Volume 1, Issue 3

20. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de
Janeiro, Hosszú won the gold medal and
broke the world record in the 400-meter
individual medley, won the gold medal and
broke the Olympic record in the 200-meter
individual medley, and won a third gold med-
al in the 100-meter backstroke. She also won
a silver in the 200-meter backstroke behind
American Maya DiRado. With 3 gold medals
and 1 silver, Hosszú won more medals in
individual events than any other swimmer in
the 2016 Summer Olympics.
Her coach is her husband: Shane Tusup and
their rela-onship has been admired by many.
Their rela-onship, prepara-on, training tech-
niques and successes even
inspired New York Times,
who published a long report
about them. The ar-cle
emphasizes that Ka-nka,
running away from the
failure in London, took on a
completely new approach
when she started working
with her husband as her
trainee. The bond Ka-nka
and Shane have seems to
be working out just perfect.
ball has made us a tradi-onal force of the
sport in Europe.
Basketball is the most popular sport in
Lithuania. Lithuanian American coaches and
players in the 1930s helped Lithuania men's
na-onal basketball team win the last Euro
Basket tournaments before World War II, in
1937 and 1939, causing a massive impact in
Lithuanian society and a basketball popula-
rity spike. Since then, despite Lithuania's
small size, with a popula-on of just almost
2.9 million the country's devo-on to basket-
Na-onal basketball tem players and staff
members in 1937 a<er winning the cham-
pionship.
During the Soviet period Lithuanian players
frequently formed the core of the Soviet
na-onal team, and the Lithuanian people
strongly supported local club BC Žalgiris.
A<er the restora-on of Lithuanian indepen-
dence in 1990 the na-onal team was formed
Basket in Lithuania
One of the best teams in our country is Ro-
ma, which is supported by the majority of the
Erasmus Italian team. In this team plays Fran-
cesco To@: this footballer can be considered
as the symbol of the Italian passion for this
sport. In fact To@ has played for this same
team since he started playing this sport de-
spite the fact that he has received lots of
offers from many other teams from all over
the world. He’s worldwide famous not only
as a player of A.S.Roma but also as a great
player of the Na-onal team, who led Italy to
win the World Championship in 2006.
In Italy you have the chance to prac-ce every
kind of sport,
but the most played and supported is foot-
ball, by far.
There isn't scandal that can change the love
that Italian people have for this sport.
It is simple, easy to play and fun, especially
with friends.
In our na-on you can't find someone who
hates football, everyone loves it!
And if you don't play it as your main sport,
you will s-ll play it with friends and whenev-
er you want!
Sport in Italy “In our na-on you can't find
someone who hates football,
everyone loves it! “
Page 20 Erast@gram

21. with their first official tournament being the
1992 Olympics in Barcelona, where they won
bronze medals. The Lithuanians have since
won two other bronzes at the Olympics, won
the EuroBasket for the third 'me in 2003
and also bronze medals in the World Cham-
pionship in 2010 . The most known basket-
ball players are Arvydas Sabonis. Šarūnas
Marčiulionis, Modestas Paulauskas,
Žydrūnas Ilgauskas, Jonas Valančiūnas,
Šarūnas Jasikevičius. Mindaugas Kuzmins-
kas.
last 6 years.Spain is also one of the most im-
portant countries in basket. Spain is
currently the european champion
and at the last olimpics games of rio
it won the bronze medal.
According to the ABC news Spain
and United States of America are
the two best teams in the world in
the last decade, followed by Serbia.
Other sports are:
-tennis; Rafa Radal and Marc López won the
gold medal at the olympic games. also Rafa
Nadal is the man who has won more 'mes
Rolland Garros.
-Motorbikes; in the 500 cc compe''on.
Spanish drivers have been champions for the
The most important sport in spain is football.
Spanish football is very important worldwide
because the Real Madrid fc is the champion
of the world clubs and at european level the
Spanish clubs have been champions in the
last three years in the champions league and
UEFA.
The last champions league final had 350 mil-
lions of viewers around the world. bea'ng
the superbowl record in 200 million.
The league has a dura'on of about 9 months
and each league has 700 matches. The
“clásico” is one of the most important sports
event with the two teams best in the Spanish
league (FC Barcelona and Real Madird). The
league 2015/16 was won by FC Barcelona
Sport in Spain
“FC Barcelona won the Spanish
League 2015/16. European
Champions League, that same
season, was won by Real Madrid.
Page 21Volume 1, Issue 3

22. TURKEY NATİONAL BASKETBALL TEAM.
We have very big basketball team.Also know-
ing ‘TBF’.We have very cool nickname.In
turkey we call them 12 giant man.We have
great successfull jobs since 2002.They are
impersonate us in global very well.We proud
fort hem.Our basketball team imperstone us
the USA right now.
In september,2010 we compete USA for FIBA
award.We lose but we be second team in the
FIBA.İt is most important success in the all
basketball history. Also we won two medal in
olympic games .We Show off our them in
1949 interna'onal egypt tournamet but now
we are second winner of FIBA. We thanks
them because they are imperstonate us in
very successfully
Ra`ing in Köprüçay
Ra`ing is very popular in Turkey right now.If
you want ra`ing,you must going kö-
prüçay.Köprüçay is in Antalya.People came to
there compete to each other.Ra`ing played
with six people. Köprüçay have very strong
stream,you need to be strong an energic.Also
you need shavel and boat,but people usually
do ra`ing for fun not compete.We have very
successful athlets at ra`ing. Ra`ing is very
good for your healthy but ra`ing is so dan-
gerous you need to be carefully.A lot of peo-
ple doing ra`ing in köprüçay.Köprüçay have
very cold water some'mes it is very hard for
athlets. Some athlets in turkey says ıf you
want to be good at in ra`ing ,turkey is best
place to do it.
“people usually do ra6ing for fun not compete”
Sport in Turkey
Page 22 Erast@gram

23. The Ecumenical Charity has set up temporary
shelters for people in need and the Menhely
Founda'on said on Saturday that there are
s'll places available in the homeless shelters
they operate. A severe cold warning was
issued for the whole country due to the
weather condi'ons, especially for Nograd,
where the warning reaches the highest (red)
level.
2017 has started with big freeze in Hungary.
According to the Hungarian Meteorological
Service (OMSZ), even -27 degrees were
measured.
The temperature in January fell to an all-'me
record low for this 'me at -28.1 C measured
in the village of Tésa in northern Hungary.
The previous record for this date was -26.5 C
in 1985.
However, many people took advantage of
the freezing weather and visited Lake Balaton
and other lakes of Hungary for a ska'ng trip.
Also, several beau'ful photos were taken
during this cold period.
Unusually cold Winter in Hungary
problems with frozen pipes, lack of water,
and electricity. Some older people say that
temperatures like these haven't been meas-
ured in Hvar for a very long 7me.
in Croa7a and winters are mild. People were
surprised with such low temperatures and
they were not prepared so there were many
Croa7a is divided into two predominant cli-
mate regions - Con7nental and Mediterrane-
an although there are some varia7ons within
those climate zones. Croa7a's coast
and islands are governed by a Medi-
terranean climate. The winters in
Dalma7a are usually not as cold as
in the rest of the country but this
year it was quite cold. On the island
Hvar there was wind, rain, snow and
temperatures were around 0 de-
grees, which is unusual for this area
because Hvar is the sunniest island
Weather in Croatia
“Croa(a is divided into two
predominant climate regions -
Con(nental and Mediterranean”
Page 23Volume 1, Issue 3
A whale of a time… with
European weather

24. Winter: The weather in winter is quite cold.
DayBmes temperatures usually around -5 ° C.
But in some cases winter months can be
colder , especially when an6cyclones from
east or north bring sunny but cold weather.
The air temperature then rises to - 7 ° C or
slightly to -11° C during a day and cools
down to -20° C , -30° C or even -35° C at
night. Heavy snowfall or even snowstorms
are even possible on some days.
Spring: In April air temperature rises from
10 ° C to 15-20 ° C at the end of
the month. Nature is green, dandelions and
other plants begin to grow. May is the
driest month. The air temperature rises to 22
° C, some6mes up to 28-30 ° C.
Weather in
che completely destroyed an important hotel
in Abruzzo (central Italy) causing 29 vic6ms
and only 11 people survived the tragedy.
In Northern Italy there was very lile snow,
and all the skiers could only enjoy ar6ficial
snow, meanwhile in the South the tempera-
ture drop-
ped and
there
were
more
rainfalls.
In Italy the climate is Mediterranean so there
are many differences between the South and
the North. In the South summers are very
warm and dry and winters are moderate,
while in the North summers are usually cool
and winters are extremely cold, in fact it
snows every year.
This year something extraordinary happened.
In Central Italy there were big snowfalls;
there the popula6on had already suffered an
earthquake in August and the snow and the
cold made the opera6on of rescue and re-
building of the damaged structures really
hard. More over, in January, a huge avalan-
Weather in Italy
“Are those some of the effects of
the climate changes the
scientists have been talking
about???
Page 24 Erast@gram
Lilafüred and Lake Balaton

25. Summer: Lithuanian summer is the ho4est
'me of the year. The average
temperature in July is about 17 ° C, some'-
mes the air temperature rises to 25 ° C during
the day.
There are 'mes when air warms up to 30 ° C.
In most of the 'me it is dry weather with
sunny spells, rain o`en falls with some'mes
heavy thunderstorms that can occur at the
end of the day. In the middle of August a
li4le cooler weather, more rain falls. The air
temperature rises just to 5 ° C some days.
Generally, the weather is best May-
September, when days are warm and the
nights are cool, although it rains more in
spring than in summer.
Autumn: In autumn the weather gradually
cools. The air temperature in early Septem-
ber some'mes rises to 20 ° C. In late Septem-
ber we have a period called Indian summer.
Then the weather usually gets colder. In Oc-
tober and November the air temperature is
about 10 ° C, it o`en
rains. In November rain is o`en replaced by
sleet. Autumn and winter are usually a li4le
chilly and wet, some'mes snowy and o`en
foggy.
Aegean and Coast Mediterranean climate,
this region seen.
Black Sea Climate. Each season
has rainy climate. Summers are
cool, winters are mild. Eastern
Black Sea region is the Turkey's
most rainy region. Wooded area
is this region of our country
Terrestrial climate- Summers are
hot and dry, winters are cold.It
[Turkey is in the northern hemisphere, tem-
perate climate. There are usually four rea-
sons. However, the impact of sea and moun-
tain climate doesn't the same in every region.
Three major climate type seen in Turkey.]
Mediterranean Climate. In this climate, sum-
mers are hot and dry, winters are mild and
rainy. In Turkey, Southern Marmara, Coast
rains a lot in springs and springs are very
bea'ful around here
Turkey’s weather features
mum and mínimum level of warning, forecast
of the day , twi4er…
And finally in the West and in
the central zone we have con'-
nental weather; very dry and
without rain.
However as Spanish say, an
image is be4er than a thousand
words, so travel to Spain and
see with your own eyes our
wonderful weather.
In Spain it is very popular to get regular info
about the weather forecast and there is a
State Agency to inform about : Alerts, máxi-
The weather in
Spain is very
changeable, we
have from deserts
to green zones like
emeralds.
If we start according
to the orienta'on of
the clock needles: in
the North we discover a Cantabric weather;
very wet and upper level. If we look to the
East and to the South we can enjoy mediter-
ranean weather; very hot like coastal zones.
Spanish Lovely weather
http://www.aemet.es/en/portada
Page 25Volume 1, Issue 3

26. The declara'on of 9th May 1950 is belie-
ved to be the founding text of European
integra'on. Delivered by Robert Schu-
man, the French Foreign Minister, in the
Salon de l'Horloge at the Quai d'Orsay in
Paris, this declara'on, inspired by Jean
Monnet, the first Planning Commissio-
ner, lays out a European organisa'on
that would be responsible for pooling
the French and German produc'on of
coal and steel.
World peace cannot be safeguarded
without the making of crea've
efforts propor'onate to the dangers
which threaten it.
The contribu'on which an organised
and living Europe can bring to civilisa-
'on is indispensable to the mainte-
nance of peaceful rela'ons. In taking
upon herself for more than 20 years
the role of champion of a united Eu-
rope, France has always had as her
essen'al aim the service of peace. A
united Europe was not achieved and
we had war.
Europe will not be made all at once,
or according to a single plan. It will be
built through concrete achievements
which first create a de facto solida-
rity. The coming together of the na-
'ons of Europe requires the elimina-
'on of the age-old opposi'on of
France and Germany. Any ac'on
taken must in the first place concern
these two countries.
With this aim in view, the French
Government proposes that ac'on be
taken immediately on one limited but
decisive point :
It proposes that Franco-German pro-
duc'on of coal and steel as a whole
be placed under a common High
Authority, within the framework of
an organisa'on open to the par'ci-
pa'on of the other countries of Euro-
pe.
The pooling of coal and steel produc-
'on should immediately provide for
the seUng up of common founda-
'ons for economic development as a
first step in the federa'on of Europe,
and will change the des'nies of those
regions which have long been devo-
ted to the manufacture of muni'ons
of war, of which they have been the
most constant vic'ms.
The solidarity in produc'on thus
established will make it plain that any
war between France and Germany
becomes not merely unthinkable, but
materially impossible. The seUng up
of this powerful produc've unit,
open to all countries willing to take
part and bound ul'mately to provide
all the member countries with the
basic elements of industrial produc-
'on on the same terms, will lay a
true founda'on for their economic
unifica'on.
This produc'on will be offered to the
world as a whole without dis'nc'on
or excep'on, with the aim of contri-
bu'ng to raising living standards and
to promo'ng peaceful achievements.
With increased resources Europe will
be able to pursue the achievement of
one of its essen'al tasks, namely, the
development of the African con'-
nent.
In this way, there will be realised
simply and speedily that fusion of
interest which is indispensable to the
establishment of a common econo-
mic system; it may be the leaven
from which may grow a wider and
deeper community between coun-
tries long opposed to one another by
sanguinary divisions.
By pooling basic produc'on and by
ins'tu'ng a new High Authority,
whose decisions will bind France,
Germany and other member coun-
tries, this proposal will lead to the
realisa'on of the first concrete foun-
da'on of a European federa'on in-
dispensable to the preserva'on of
peace.
To promote the realisa'on of the
objec'ves defined, the French Go-
vernment is ready to open nego'a-
'ons on the following bases :
The task with which this common
High Authority will be charged will be
that of securing in the shortest possi-
ble 'me the modernisa'on of pro-
duc'on and the improvement of its
http://www.robert-schuman.eu/en/declaration-of-9-may-1950