1. Ideologies and Beliefs of the Twentieth Century Activities and content in this PowerPoint may have been adapted from a variety of sources.

2. We Didn’t Start the Fire The words of this song and the accompanying imagery highlight a large number of events, people, ideas and beliefs from the twentieth century. While listening to the song and watching the images write down as many ideas and beliefs that you can identify. For Example: Ho Chi Minh = Communism/Nationalism http://www.flashplayer.com/music/fire.html http://www.its.caltech.edu/~yel/Fire.html

3. Ideology Brainstorm!!!!! Stop for 3 minutes and think about the word ideology. Write down all the things that you know, or think you know about the word.

6. Refining the Ideological Spectrum The Economic Spectrum Liberal Conservative Economic Liberals Favour broad government involvement in economic policymaking and regulation of business. Left Right Economic Conservatives Favour limited government involvement in economic policymaking and regulation of business.

7. Refining the Ideological Spectrum The Social/Political Spectrum Liberal Conservative Social/Political Liberals Favour limited government regulation of individual behaviour. For example: support gay rights, Pro-choice about abortion. Left Right Social/Political Conservatives Favour broad government regulation of individual behaviour. For example: oppose gay rights and are Pro-life about abortion.

8. Using the information that you have learnt this lesson write definitions for the following terms: Left to the Right ( Definitions ) Liberal Liberals believe that the government should be actively involved in the promotion of social welfare of a nation’s citizens. Liberals usually can stand change within the existing political system. Hence, they are considered to be to the Left of the political spectrum and support big government, economic regulation, progressive taxation and progressive social policy, such as support for gay rights, unlimited free speech and Affirmation Action. Conservative Conservatives are people who hold conservative ideals and favour keeping things as they are, or maintaining the status-quo if it is what they desire. Hence, they are considered to be to the Right of the political spectrum and are usually hesitant or cautious about adopting new policies, especially if they increase government activism in some way. They feel that less government is better. In the words of Jefferson, “the best governments govern least”.

9. Left-Wing Left-wing refers to a range of radical political views and to those holding them. The term came into being due to the seating plan of the French Estates General where the nobility sat on the King’s right and the Third Estate on his left (in parliament). The Left is representative of ‘Change’. However, after World War I political attitudes no longer clustered so consistently around the old left-right division. For example, Socialism and Communism do not necessarily equate with ‘Change’. Right-wing Right-wing refers to a range of conservative political views and to those holding them. The Right is representative of continuing the ‘Status quo’. For example Fascism, Neo-Nazism, Totalitarianism.

11. The I deolo gical Grid Govt. control Freedom Social/Political Economic Govt. control Conservative Totalitarian Complete government control of economic and social issues Libertarian Minimal government control of both economic and social issues Liberal

12. Identifying Ideology Read each of the quotes below. For each quote decide if the speaker is likely a liberal, conservative, libertarian, or totalitarian. When you have made your decision, put the letter of the quote where you feel it belongs on the ideology grid. Voter A: “ I worked my way up from poverty to become the successful business owner I am today. I get frustrated when I think that my tax money goes to support people who won’t help themselves. I think part of the blame belongs with the media – they promote all the wrong values.” Voter B: “ I really don’t care what other people do in their free time, as long as they don’t bother me. I sure don’t like it when the government tells me what to do with my money or in my own home – I’m certainly not going to turn around and do the same thing to my neighbours.”

13. Identifying Ideology Voter C: “ I really worry about the state of the world today. It seems like more and more kids are growing up in poverty and there’s no one there to help them. I think we need to do more toward providing healthcare and education programs for our young people.” Voter D : “ These days, you can’t be too careful. I think we need to spend a lot more money on the national defence. I wish there was a police officer on every corner? The police could search my car all they want, since I don’t break the law. I also think the government should crack down on the media – their reporting gives our enemies an inside look at all our military preparations.

15. The Feminist Perspective During the 1950s and 1960s stereotypes for women existed in the home, workforce and as mothers. For example in the workforce much of the resistance to women being paid the same as men was based on the assumption that a women’s real place was in the home, not the workforce. Feminists challenged this stereotype. Many advertisements found in women’s magazines pre 1960s demonstrate these stereotypes.

19. Feminism Brainstorm!!!!! Stop for 3 minutes. Think about what you have just heard and discussed. Now think about what the word Feminism means. Brainstorm and write down all the things that you know, or think you know about the Feminism.

20. Feminism IS????? Feminism is a political ideology that gives recognition that women have less structural power than men and the consequent advocacy of equal rights and opportunities for women, especially in the economic and political spheres. Feminism is considered to be a Left-wing ideology. Do you agree? Justify your response. Do you think all women would agree with definition? Again Justify your response.

25. “ Religion is…” ‘ is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the feeling of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless circumstances. It is the opium of the people. The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. The demand to give up the illusions about their condition is a demand to give up a condition that requires illusion.’ Karl Marx (1818-1883) ‘ what a man does with his solitariness. A.N. Whitehead (1861-1947) ‘ if religion has given birth to all that is essential to society, it is because society is the soul of religion.’ (Emile Durkheim (1858-1917 – founder of modern sociology) ‘ men creating the gods in their own image.’ Xenophanes (590BCE) So, how would you define Religion?

27. 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500 Hinduism Christianity Confucianism Taoism Buddhism Jainism Sikhism Judaism Islam Major Religions of the World Near East Far East India

28. Major Religions of the World

31. The Caste System The Caste System is a rigid class structure. It is believed that if one leads a good life, following good karma and dharma, then they will be rewarded by being reincarnated as a person belonging to the next highest level in the Caste System. However, if one is wicked during their life, they will be demoted, and possibly even removed from the Caste System altogether. Outcasts, or Untouchables, are members of Hindu society thought to have been removed from the Caste System, with no hope of returning to it, due to their misdeeds in previous lives. Work that is deemed unclean for all other Hindus is reserved for these Outcasts. After winning its independence from Great Britain in 1947, India adopted a national constitution which stated that ‘Untouchability is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden’. But the Caste System still exists in practice today. Society organised into four VARNAS. A person had the same varna that his or her parents had. And he or she had it from birth to death — there was no way to change it.

36. How capitalism works Example of Starting a Business When starting a business the initial owners or investors typically provide some money (the Capital) which is used by the business to buy or rent some means of production. For example, the enterprise may buy or rent a piece of land and a building; it may buy machinery and hire workers (labour-power). The commodities produced by the workers become the property of the capitalist ("capitalist" in this context refers to a person who has capital, rather than a person who favours capitalism), and are sold by the workers on behalf of the capitalist. The money from sales also becomes the property of the capitalist. The workers deposit the money into the capitalist's bank account. Once the capitalist receives this money, he or she pays the workers a portion for their labour, pays other overhead costs, and keeps the rest as profit. If more money is needed than the initial owners are willing or able to provide, the business may need to borrow a limited amount of extra money with a promise to pay it back with interest -- in effect it may rent more capital. The business is granted a degree of legal authority, and control, over a set of factors of production (as economists call them). The business can register as a corporate entity, meaning that it can act as a type of virtual person in many matters before the law. The owners can pay themselves some of the income derived from the business (dividends), sell shares of stock in the company, or they can sell all of the equipment, land, and other assets, and split the proceeds between them.

37. Communism "From each according to his ability, to each according to his need." Communism is a term that can refer to one of several things: a certain social system , an ideology which supports that system , or a political movement that wishes to implement that system . As a theoretical social system, communism would be a type of egalitarian society with no state, no private property and no social classes. In communism, all property is owned by the community as a whole , and all people have equal social and economic status . As a political movement, communism is a branch of the broader socialist movement. The communist movement differentiates itself from other branches of the socialist movement through various things - such as, for example, the communists' desire to establish a communist system after the socialist one, and their commitment to revolutionary strategies for overthrowing capitalism.

38. Marx’s Materialist Conception of History The best-known form of communism is Marxism and its various derivatives (most notably Marxism-Leninism). Marx’s Materialist Conception of History: Four Stages of Economic Development Slavery The advent of agriculture led to a class-based society. Those who owned the land and those who had to work someone else’s land. Feudalism Continues on the slave relationship between landlord and servant Capitalism Bourgeoisie uses its power and wealth to exploit the proletariat Communism The class struggle within capitalism will eventually lead to the proletariat overthrowing the bourgeoisie and establishing socialism. Socialism, in turn, will result in the gradual fading of social classes (as the means of production are made public property), which will lead to the final stage of human society - communism. These stages are advanced through a dialectical process , refining society as history progresses. This refinement is driven by class struggle. Communism is the final refinement as it will result in one class.

39. A general view of communist thought towards capitalism

42. How similar are the Ideas of Communism and Capitalism? In this activity you will be comparing the ideologies of communism and capitalism . On the Comparison Graphic Organiser you have been given the characteristics that you are to use to compare the two ideologies. You may use your notes, the Internet, the handouts supplied by your teacher and any other information that you may have.