Past, Present & Future of IoT: Moving from Platforms to Stacks
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This document discusses the past, present, and future of the Internet of Things (IoT). It describes how IoT has evolved from individual technology platforms to integrated technology stacks. Currently, IoT mainly involves connecting industrial machines and consumer devices. However, the future IoT is expected to include 25 billion connected devices by 2020 communicating in real-time to optimize processes. This will create new challenges around device and data variety, velocity, and security as IoT systems scale to become the central way that everything interacts digitally.
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Past, Present & Future of IoT: Moving from Platforms to Stacks
- 1. Past, Present, & Future of IoT Moving from Platforms to Stacks rICh Morrow, qcloud, LLC Apr 23, 2015
- 3. To build a website 10-15 yrs ago, you needed to • Assemble a team • Run through SDLC • Which hardware? • OS? • Data store? • Front & back-end language(s)? • Protocols? Data formats? InternetOf Things
- 4. Application: JBoss, Tomcat CMS: Drupal, Wordpress Specialized: Salesforce, Google Apps, TurboTax Era of Platform & Service InternetOf Things
- 5. • LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Python) • .NET (Win Server, C#, SQL Server) • RoR (Ruby on Rails) • MEAN (MongoDB, ExpressJS, Angular JS, NodeJS) Underneath those platforms: technology stacks InternetOf Things
- 6. • NSAPI • CORBA • CGI • Java Beans • COM Remember these? InternetOf Things • MQTT • CoAP • 6LoWPAN • XMPP • RPL Who will
- 7. Of?
- 8. Device fragmentation "Web Scale” Humans Historical baggage Iteration acceleration Internet Of?Things
- 9. …aggregation • Aggregation to the “stack” level • Linear horizontal scale (pub or private cloud back ends) • “Everything” aaS Presentation Business Logic Database Internet Of?Things
- 10. …data and compute overload “Every 2 days we create as much data as we did from the dawn of time to 2003” –Eric Schmidt (2010) The “three (or four, or five) Vs” of Big Data – Velocity, Variety, Volume A car built in 2014 has about 70 computers in it …and more than 100 sensors Internet Of?Things
- 11. …first steps into IoT / M2M • Industrial automation • GE’s “smart trains” • John Deere’s “smart farms” • Consumer IoT • Insteon • Tesla Internet Of?Things
- 12. GE’s “smart trains” Trip Optimization Remote Diagnostics Yard Planning Route Planning Img credit: http://cdn2.geready.com/sites/default/files/styles/homepage-medium/public/industrial_internet_train_v3_hero_full_0.jpg?itok=zLZ6GH8L Internet Of?Things
- 13. John Deere’s “Smart Farms” Img credit: https://hbr.org/2014/11/how-smart-connected-products-are-transforming-competition Img credit: http://beta.l2am.com/imdb/stills/tt00718531.jpg Internet Of?Things
- 14. Img credit: http://tradingcomputersnow.com/it-could-be-lights-out-for-traders-everywhere-or-lights-on/ Internet Of?Things Insteon
- 15. Tesla • Persistent 3G connections • Over the air fix pushed out to 30K vehicles • Has an API / Android Apps Internet Of?Things
- 16. “The future is already here – it’s just not very evenly distributed” --William Gibson
- 17. But… Today's "Internet of Things" is really an ”Internet of IPv4 / TCP/IP / HTTP / People"
- 18. But… Today's "Internet of Things" is really an ”Internet of IPv4 / TCP/IP / HTTP / inefficient People"
- 19. What happens when we start getting smart about everything?
- 21. The IoT of tomorrow will mainly be a web of real-time, hyper-optimized, control-capable devices …talking to each other. Internet Of Things
- 22. Volume 5 Billion things by EOY 2015 25 Billion things by 2020 Img credit: http://www.arm.com/markets/internet-of-things-iot.php Internet Of Things
- 23. Variety • Connectivity • Sensors • System Architectures • Network membership • Form factor & functionality explosion • Security & Data Ownership Internet Of Things
- 24. Internet Of Things Variety: Connectivity Img credit: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
- 25. Internet Of Things Variety: Sensors Img credit: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
- 26. Internet Of Things Variety: Verticals Img credit: http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
- 27. Velocity Internet Of Things ? ? ? ? ? Imgcredit:http://postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic
- 28. Internet Of Things Velocity: The Virtuous Cycle Img credit: http://images.flatworldknowledge.com/gallaugher_2_0/gallaugher_2_0-fig15_001.jpg
- 29. Internet Of Things Velocity: The End Game Marketing Retail SCM Packaging Alerts & Monitoring Production
- 30. We’re at the “Technology Platform” stage Can we articulate the Stacks for IoT? Internet Of Things
- 31. Thank you! Have a stellar conference! rICh morrow rich@quicloud.com @quicloud
Hinweis der Redaktion
- This is just placeholder now – will make the deck “pretty” after we finalize content I can use a custom deck template, or If PubNub would like (and might be a little better), I can use your own deck template Total timing: 9-12 mins
- Let’s break “IoT” out into the three words it’s comprised of & explore each, as it helps us understand our history, reflect on our present, and give birth to our future. Timing: 10-15 sec
- The “Internet” is where we came from.. It’s both our past and our foundation. It’s worth exploring how we built systems on top of this foundation – as we’ll see, the lessons we learned in the beginning are ones we can apply to the future. NONE of these acronyms are defined before – old web ones (todd’s email), how many of us will be talking about CoaP, 6lopan MQTT… etc in the future. We’re talking about all these protocols when really they don’t matter… we If you wanted to build a Website 5-10 years ago you had to: Assemble a team of: Engineers, Designers, Database Engineers, System Administrators, Security professionals, Project Managers Run it all through the SDLC… Which hardware? Which OS? Which language? Which database? Which protocols? Which data formats? …and you were lucky, because most of the languages, protocols and data formats had been decided and standardized (except for Microsoft, who decided to create their own "standards" -- IE and it's HTML/Javascript engine). -- Important to lay this IE distinction down to show how "striking out on your own" is a sure way to fail. Timing: 30-45 sec
- The “Internet” is where we came from.. It’s both our past and our foundation. It’s worth exploring how we built systems on top of this foundation – as we’ll see, the lessons we learned in the beginning are ones we can apply to the future. If you wanted to build a Website 5-10 years ago you had to: Assemble a team of: Engineers, Designers, Database Engineers, System Administrators, Security professionals, Project Managers Run it all through the SDLC… Which hardware? Which OS? Which language? Which database? Which protocols? Which data formats? …and you were lucky, because most of the languages, protocols and data formats had been decided and standardized (except for Microsoft, who decided to create their own "standards" -- IE and it's HTML/Javascript engine). -- Important to lay this IE distinction down to show how "striking out on your own" is a sure way to fail. Timing: 30-45 sec
- The “Internet” is where we came from.. It’s both our past and our foundation. It’s worth exploring how we built systems on top of this foundation – as we’ll see, the lessons we learned in the beginning are ones we can apply to the future. If you wanted to build a Website 5-10 years ago you had to: Assemble a team of: Engineers, Designers, Database Engineers, System Administrators, Security professionals, Project Managers Run it all through the SDLC… Which hardware? Which OS? Which language? Which database? Which protocols? Which data formats? …and you were lucky, because most of the languages, protocols and data formats had been decided and standardized (except for Microsoft, who decided to create their own "standards" -- IE and it's HTML/Javascript engine). -- Important to lay this IE distinction down to show how "striking out on your own" is a sure way to fail. Timing: 30-45 sec
- So that’s what the past looked like, and all of that foundation is what we built the present on. What’s today’s Internet made up of? What are the challenges we’re solving today? Device fragmentation (mobile, web, lightweight / IoT devices) "Web Scale" -- need to serve not tens or hundreds of thousands, but millions of concurrent connections. Humans – primarily, the Internet is still a web of people. Historical baggage – HTML,HTTP, REST, JSON – these were all decided upon when the Internet was a “document request” model, driven primarily by humans. Are they the right decisions for today? Maybe… maybe not Iteration acceleration -- the rapid pace with which equivalent workloads could be served faster, better, cheaper. Timing: 60-90 sec
- So that’s what the past looked like, and all of that foundation is what we built the present on. What’s today’s Internet made up of? What are the challenges we’re solving today? Device fragmentation (mobile, web, lightweight / IoT devices) "Web Scale" -- need to serve not tens or hundreds of thousands, but millions of concurrent connections. Humans – primarily, the Internet is still a web of people. Historical baggage – HTML,HTTP, REST, JSON – these were all decided upon when the Internet was a “document request” model, driven primarily by humans. Are they the right decisions for today? Maybe… maybe not Iteration acceleration -- the rapid pace with which equivalent workloads could be served faster, better, cheaper. Timing: 60-90 sec
- Aggregation has gone to the "stack" level "Stacks" of resources, with each tieir being pluggable. Linear horizontal scale, rapid deployment, & cost efficiencies of public cloud "Everything"-aaS. Developers wanting to avoid "undifferentiated heavy lifting” The stack is the natural end-game of any reasonably complex system, as the web and mobile spaces have taught us. Timing: 45-60 sec
- The IoT challenge is, at it’s core, a challenge of ingesting, storing, and processing a great deal of data. The data’s coming at us very quickly, the types of data being sent may vary greatly from device to device or transmission to transmission, and the amount of data could be extreme… Imagine the infrastructure required to just handle FitBit or some such small device. The packets are small, but the number of devices drives high volume. "Every 2 days, we create as much data as we did from dawn of time through 2003" - Eric Schmidt (2010) …estimates say that's really 1D now The typical car built today has about 70 computers in it -- it's like a mini data center driving down the road https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RnE85BUtzA – 70 computer car Timing: 45-60 sec
- In both the commercial & industrial spaces, we’re seeing the first baby steps into IoT, and M2M, and some have gone from Those of you who live and breathe IoT will no doubt already be aware of many of these examples, but let’s take a quick tour of some extremely cool, inspiring projects that are already well under way. John Deere's "smart farm" GE's "smart train" Nest, Home security like INSTEON …most of these are built on top of existing infrastructure & protocol foundations. … and the "standards" are many (Z-Wave, ZigBee, Insteon, X10, UPB -- in home automation alone) http://www.amazon.com/gp/feature.html?ie=UTF8&docId=1001373401 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RnE85BUtzA – “smart farm” http://www.fastcompany.com/3031272/can-jeff-immelt-really-make-the-world-1-better – smart train Timing: 90-120 sec
- I’ll bet most of us see trains as necessary relic of a bygone era… this couldn’t be farther from the truth. GE’s Evolution series locomotive seems every bit a primitive beast… It’s 5300 gallon tank powers it’s 220 ton husk down a rail system that was largely built by our great-great grandfathers. But the Evolution puts all of our phones and laptops to shame. Running a single train is an extremely intensive effort involving hundreds of thousands of moving parts, only a very few of which are human. Now take the effort of a single train and expand it into an entire rail system, where a single part breaking on a single train could clog an important rail route & cause traffic jams. On the open track, a train can get up to 70MPH, but in reality, most routes go at an average of about 20-25. Expand on FastCompany article. Some facts: Optimization can save tens of millions of dollars in diesel 250 sensors put out 9 million data points every hour Over 200,000 parts Trains can go 70mph, but regualrly only (currently) clock in around 20-25mph on long hauls because of congestion, breakdowns, etc. Even a 1MPH increase could be worth $200million, and GE is planning to raise speeds by 4MPH GE makes as much or more servicing the trains as it does selling them – end game could be striking an SLA between customers & then managing all the service costs internally http://www.amazon.com/gp/feature.html?ie=UTF8&docId=1001373401 http://www.fastcompany.com/3031272/can-jeff-immelt-really-make-the-world-1-better – smart train Timing: 90-120 sec
- Most of us have an even more outdated picture of what farming looks like. While we’ve all been congratulating ourselves on our technical savvy, and assuming that farmers are still mainly scratching at the dirt with bigger and more mechanized hoes, John Deere has been transforming the space. Rather than being a laggard, farming is actually one of the verticals leading IoT, and most farms these days would not be able to operate without all of the interconnected devices speaking to each other. John Deere has been making tractors for over 170 years, and in the beginning, at the “product” phase, they were just straight up tractors – mechanical beasts built to pull harder, longer, and more efficiently than the oxen and humans that proceeded them. They added sensors next in the second phase, starting with gas sensors, speed sensors, and then moving to more complicated sensors like GPS which allowed the tractors to be automated, driving themselves about the field and ensuring coverage. These sensors continue to get expand in variety, allowing farm machiner to sense moisture of the soil, chemical content, etc, and it’s these smart sensors that capture all of that beautiful data that we’ll see getting processed here in the next phases. In addition to the tractor, there are workhorses like the harvester combine which drives down the field at harvest time, reaping the head of the wheat, and then literally separating the wheat kernel from the chaff (the husk, stem, and all the unusable pieces). In the third “connected” phase, John Deere got these devices talking to each other. As the combine is driving down the rows at harvest time, it now counts the yield of particular parts of the field, and compare that data to soil samples. It can now signal to the planting machinery next year to perhaps drop more seed next season, or to the watering machinery to water further, or to the farmer themselves to investigate soil issues. Walk through progression & end with how John Deere, like many companies is set to become a systems integrator – we could even see them competing against Accenture and other systems integrators in the future. Syndication of stream – value in the data. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RnE85BUtzA – “smart farm” Timing: 45-60 sec
- Insteon & home security / automation products that promise to digitize & connect our homes. I doubt I’m unlike many of you in that I could pull out my smartphone & connect to my house in just a few seconds, checking and setting the temperature, alarm, view cameras. Home automation is one of the beachheads in IoT, and companies like Insteon, Nest, Lowe’s IRIS and others are releasing mature, expansible, and in some ways, even interoperating products. Timing: 30-45 seconds
- Elon musk being a living, breathing Tony Stark is only one of the zillion ways in which Tesla is insanely cool and intriguing. Their cars are beatiful, fast, efficient, and when I see a Tesla, I see the future. But they’re maybe even more beautiful on the inside… Tesla is literally a rolling IoT device. Persistent 3G connections allow Tesla to push out software updates as it’s done on two occassions – once to raise the height of the vehicles (point out struts), and once to repair a charger plug issue. Tesla definitely recognizes the risk that an IoT connected car represents, and has built out a community-enabled early warning threat detection system that rewards hackers who discover and report any vulnerabilities. Although much of today’s internet is simply one-way reporting of data, Tesla’s “over the air” capabilities give us a glimpse of the future of IoT & the day when we’ll be able to control our “always on” devices remotely. http://www.slideshare.net/johnmathon1/tesla-iot-case-study http://www.wired.com/2014/02/teslas-air-fix-best-example-yet-internet-things/ Timing: 90-120 sec
- http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Gibson These are just a few of the cool examples of IoT technology rooting itself into our daily lives… personal health is also a big market with fitbit and similar products trying to help us keep our waistlines thin & our lives long and rich. Drones, wearables, robotics… there’s too many other cool IoT projects too mention here, but we’re definitely getting glimpses of what IoT can and will become The one commonality of most IoT companies today (including some of the examples) is that they’re muddling their way & paying an awful lot of money to get to market now rather than wait until stacks have been built. Timing: 15-20 sec
- The small subset of systems that CAN be built on the existing foundations, ARE being built. But we’re not realizing the true potential of what the IoT can be. In order to do that, we’re going to have to destroy and rebuild parts of that foundation. Timing: 15-20 sec
- The small subset of systems that CAN be built on the existing foundations, ARE being built. But we’re not realizing the true potential of what the IoT can be. In order to do that, we’re going to have to destroy and rebuild parts of that foundation. Uber spent tens of millions to build their own. 30 million dollars in. Everyone else –lyft, sidecar, GetTaxi, Easy Taxi, all taxi dispatch – is PN Timing: 15-20 sec
- The small subset of systems that CAN be built on the existing foundations, ARE being built. But we’re not realizing the true potential of what the IoT can be. In order to do that, we’re going to have to destroy and rebuild parts of that foundation. Timing: 15-20 sec
- The present is pretty cool, but the future is going to be way, way cooler. Timing: 60-90 sec
- The truth is, us clumsy humans are just not very good at running the infrastructure upon which our lives are built. The future is Machine to machine with automation squeezing out all the little 2-3% inefficiencies here and there. Timing: 15-20 sec
- The next few days, weeks, and years are going to need to be ones of fast and quick innovation Gartner predicts that… …and some are saying that "25" number should really be doubled http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2905717 These billions of components will produce, consume, and process information in airports, factories homes, and PANs or “personal area networks”. To provide for this, we need scalable, compatible and secure solutions for both the management of the ever more broad, complexly-networked Internet of Things, and also for the support of various business models. The number and composition of these things is changing, because IoT capabilities can be added to almost anything. Timing: 20-30 sec
- Connectivity - WiFi, Bluetooth, cell (3G, 4G, LTE), wired, industry-specific protocols System Architectures – hub and spoke, mesh, gateways, tiers Network membership - PaNs with bioauthentication form factor & functionality explosion - we'll have lightweight devices sporadically connecting to a network, we'll have full factory floor robots with SCADA, power concerns, reachability concerns Security & Data Ownership - Imagine the impact of terrorists hacking a pipeline valve control network… or someone turning off Cheney's pacemaker. Timing: 60-90 sec
- Networked homes and offices in our WANs and LANs will become part of MANs. As our individual selves interact with all of this and the wearables on our person, we’ll add PANs to the mix, and network membership in all of these will need to be tightly controlled by biometric authentication Timing: 60-90 sec
- Connected to this central nervous system will be a kaleidoscope of sensors – the network’s primary interface with our physical world. The proliferation of devices born here will have come from the twin wombs of hardware democratization and community-funded maker movements. The first devices we see will be heavily geared toward data collection and transmission, but soon SCADA capabilities will be integrated, meaning new protocols, stacks, and security measures. How many more of them that there are going to be in the future. Timing: 60-90 sec
- Expect to see a large number of verticals participating. Smart buildings and smart cities are well on the way, and surprisingly, the undeveloped regions of the world – Africa and Asia – unencumbered by legacy infrastructure, are likely to be the first places these “smart MANs” pop up. Timing: 60-90 sec
- Things start getting really interesting when these connected devices start spawning compound applications that span and interweave verticals What kind of devices will be there for us on the other side when all of these interconnected systems begin talking to each other and sharing information? When I look at my life today, I can scarcely imagine how I survived without the efficiencies my connected devices, and the Internet bring me. I fly all over regularly, and when I arrive at a new town, all I need to do is call up Google maps and it guides me exactly to where I need to be (well, most of the time). I see on the horizon a day when “smart cities” will also tell me where the parking is, and automatically debt my card on file when I’m sensed parking there. I see a day when this could happen. Timing: 20-30 seconds
- Once IoT is as ingrained in our lives as the Internet is today, here’s what we can expect. Company evaluating pubnub – monitoring body temperatures of cows so they can move only a few over. Timing: 20-30 sec
- Once IoT is as ingrained in our lives as the Internet is today, here’s what we can expect. Company evaluating pubnub – monitoring body temperatures of cows so they can move only a few over. Timing: 20-30 sec
- We all stand on the shoulders of giants, and the IoT platforms of today are both a necessary and required step to move us down the court. What we’re all here to do in the coming hours, days, months and years, is to learn how to move to the next phase, where we can build open, pluggable stacks of various features and functionality at the device, gateway, network, and back-end tiers. To enable the IoT of tomorrow, we’re going to have to answer this fundamental question. In the rooms of this conference, we’ve assembled a world class team of though leaders around the topic of IoT stacks and integrations. The best practices haven’t all been discovered yet, the reference architectures are young, and if, like I, you’re old enough to remember the birth of the Internet, you’d say this feels very familiar – the challenges are vast, but so are the opportunities. I hope you’re as excited as I am about the learning opportunities, conversations, and epiphanies that await us all. Thank you! Timing: 20-30 sec
- Thank you for joining me on this journey through to the future of IoT. I’d like to leave us here, with our head in the clouds and our thoughts on the future, but introduce Todd Greene, CEO of PubNub who will bring us back to reality, and focus us on the rest of the day. We all stand on the shoulders of giants, and the IoT platforms of today are both a necessary and required step to move us down the court. What we’re all here to do in the coming hours, days, months and years, is to learn how to move to the next phase, where we can build open, pluggable stacks of various features and functionality at the device, gateway, network, and back-end tiers. In the rooms of this conference, we’ve assembled a world class team of though leaders around the topic of IoT stacks and integrations. The best practices haven’t all been discovered yet, the reference architectures are young, and if, like I, you’re old enough to remember the birth of the Internet, you’d say this feels very familiar – the challenges are vast, but so are the opportunities. I hope you’re as excited as I am about the learning opportunities, conversations, and epiphanies that await us all. Thank you! Timing: 20-30 sec