This research paper examines developmental, social, and individual factors that influence learner-centered psychological principles. It discusses several theories of learner development, including those proposed by Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, and Kohlberg. These theories explore how cognitive, social, and emotional development affect learning. The paper also analyzes how individual differences like cultural background and learning styles require teachers to understand diversity and plan lessons accordingly. Overall, the research emphasizes that understanding learner development helps teachers facilitate effective learning through appropriate strategies and activities.

1. Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State of Science and Technology
Guang-Guang, Dahican, Mati City, Davao Oriental
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A Research paper
Entitled: Developmental, Social and Individual factors in
Learner-Centered Psychological Principles
In Partial Fulfillment of the course Requirements
EDUC 124: Facilitating learning
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Presented by
Igloria F. Cañonigo
BSEDMATH III
March 2015

2. Introduction
Learners are key component of educative process. Since they are the reason
why learning exists throughout a variety of the studies of educational philosophies or
those of all educationalists, the focus of learning will always be in them and will continue
to take note all of the aspects that can contribute to their physical, intellectual, emotional
and social accounts. The state of why theories related to the learners’ development are
coming out is because of the factors that differentiate a learner from one another. It
relies on the cases which several proponents explain. One of it is the 14 Psychological
Principles that stick firmly on a notion that everyone in the learning community is a
leader, not just the students. However the centre of interest must align to the learner –
centered instruction in learning.
On the other hand, the concern of this research will only be bounded on the
developmental, social and individual differences factors of learning. It is clear in here
those principles for learner-centered education begins by discussing learners’
developmental some related theories and ended up on the personal examination
statements towards the study where it appears to become relevant in facilitating
learning strategy . Defining those theories suggest the appreciation of the 14 principles
as a sound framework for effective facilitating of learning.

3. My Discussion
One of the general definition principles of learning states that “the riches
resources for learning are the learner himself”(Corpuz-Salandanan, PT1). Each
individual got an accumulation of experiences that generates ideas, feeling, and attitude
which enable a person to become open in their selves, draw their own personal
collection of data or simply by motivated to learn. To learn is to give emphasis on what
is needed to consider. Consideration must be conceptual and basically it is necessary to
align it on what might be the purpose of learning. The most important key players in
learning process are the learners. They are embodied spirit that is needed to be fed as
a whole. Neither can it be cognitive aspect such as instinct, imagination, intellect, the
senses nor the appetitive faculties that links their feelings, emotions and rational will.
They are at the center of instruction. The world of instruction revolves around them so it
is essential to know some of the learner-centered principles regarding on this matter
which specifically determine only the developmental, social and individual differences
factor.
Developmental, Social and Individual factors
K.L Brown ( 2013) illustrate that student learning is mediated by a variety of
individual developmental factors seeing the teachers as the prime mover of educational
wheel. Defining that although all teachers are aware that the intellectual development of
students varies still they must do an approach accordingly and to be an effective
teacher they must also attend to the student’s emotional and physical development. In
this manner teacher must use techniques that suits to the developmental level of the

4. learners and is presented in an enjoyable and interesting way. And if one is unfamiliar
with developmental stages he can delve into the theories of Piagets (1952), Vygotsky
(1978) or Erikson (1963) . In addition, it must provide information on how to tailor
classroom activities, assessment and processes to the various developmental stages
period.
Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development
Cognitive is another part to develop in learners. He observed that children
cognitive task through their interaction with older peers and adults and describes the
difference between what children can do alone and what they can do with assistance.
He also added that an ideal environment most likely to foster healthy cognitive
development. Exposure to such experiences or society accompanied by appropriate
prompting, questioning and adjustment creates best possible environmental conditions
necessary to facilitate children’s growth.
Vygotsky’s Scaffolding
He also observed that when one works with very young children, adults, and
older pairs are prone to provide a lot of structure and direction telling children what to do
and how to do it. This leads to an idea that learning is a cooperative and collaborative
process.
Piaget’s Theory of Development
Piaget believed that the child plays an active role in the growth of intelligence and
learns by doing. He regarded the child as a philosopher who perceives the world only as

5. he has experienced it. Therefore, most of Piaget’s inspiration in cognitive and
intellectual development came from observations of children. The theory of cognitive
development focuses on mental processes such as perceiving, remembering, believing,
and reasoning. Reasoning is the essence of intelligence, and reasoning is what Piaget
studied in order to discover “how we come to know”.
Erikson’s Theory of Development
Erikson's contribution to the field of educational psychology may be subtler than
the mainstays of school-related research pertaining to learning and achievement. It lies
not in the products of schooling, but in helping people understand the importance of
interactions between teachers and students. Student of identity is familiar with his
theory. Erikson made two important contributions regarding classroom interaction: (a)
recognition that adolescence is a time when individuals search for the standards and
truths that really matter, and (b) adults, and especially teachers, play an important role
in adolescents' identity development. These two contributions provide insight into
effective strategies teachers can use when interacting with their adolescent students.
Kohlberg's of moral development
The theory holds that moral reasoning is the basis for ethical behavior of a child
and claimed that logic and morality develop through constructive stages.
Others such as Wertsch (1985); create the term “intellectual tool” that notes the
nature as contributor to develop humans with certain elementary mental function such
as memory, attention and capacity to make associations based on contiguity. These are
used as basic functions to make sense about environment. While Davis (1997)

6. demands that one of the most important task to an educational system is the acquisition
of more advance forms of the tools that must deliberate the fool understanding of the
power of the tool on the user during the period of the learning. Charles Reigeluth
(1995) shows the 2 principal agencies of development; the family and the school
powerfully shaped children’s learning experiences because there is a great diversity in
cultural background, social condition, family arrangement and school organization.
My Analysis
I have seen that facilitating learning at all times part of a whole of practical
activities that takes place in an educational institution, the student’s place of work or in
actual environments. Good teaching is a result of well organized facilitation of learning
and a well knowledgeable theoretical knowledge of learning. Also building learners
level of competence. The knowledge of the fundamental principles of learning and a
theoretical understanding of human activities is part of the core ability of a teacher.
Since teacher is the one who moves learning; they are required to understand the
diversity of people as learners. As student’s cultural backgrounds become increasingly
diverse, teachers must have the capacity to act in accordance with the capabilities of
the learners and to respond to the individual learning needs of different learners.
Planning includes too in making the learning possible. The planning processes always
involve value choices that reflect good outcomes. Moreover, teaching really must apply
value-based and ethical activities.
To level up traditional way of teaching and must have knowledge and
understanding about learning, which refers to the teacher’s awareness of learning from

7. the theoretical and philosophical perspective; teacher is require to have a skill that in
facilitating learning he/she must have an ability and willingness to account for the
individual characteristics of the students in the planning and implementation of teaching
and in the guidance and assessment of learning and his or her capacity to engage in
positive interaction with different learners and skills to develop and renew teaching and
learning environments in cooperation with other parties.
Else a teacher needs to review theories of learner’s development so that they will
understood the salient concepts and principles of the major development theories and
apply these to the teaching –learning processes in the classroom. Considering learners
that they learns best through interaction in order for the teacher to make sure that
maximum social interaction must takes place in the class. Teacher’s strategies also give
a part in facilitating learning. Knowing students diversity enable one to plan learning
activities that hits student’s multiple intelligences or learning styles.
All of the developmental, social and individual theories guides educationalist,
teachers even parents to a variety of strategies in nurturing the learners. My conclusion
in this study is that there are many challenges needed to face in the current skill levels
of the learners and these challenges holds in the facilitating learning processes. As
there are also challenges for learner’s development it is the teacher’s great concern to
develop new teaching methods. It is also expected that with the many challenges many
rewards will come too. It is the legacy and fulfillment that a teacher can bring and leave
on the world of learners’ development.

8. References
Online: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu
Online:
http://www.vitorrent.cc/search/principles+of+teaching+1+by+corpuz+and+salandanan
Online: http://oppimateriaalit.jamk.fi/tec2013/competences/facilitating-learning/
Online: https://www.google.com.ph/?gws_rd=ssl#q=Eriksons+developmental+theory