The document discusses the central dogma of molecular biology and transcription, specifically describing the process of transcription which involves DNA being used as a template to produce a complementary RNA copy. It explains transcription occurs differently in eukaryotes versus prokaryotes, with the main steps being initiation, elongation, and termination for both, though eukaryotes have additional post-transcriptional modification steps.

1. Central Dogma of
Molecular Biology
And Transcription

2. Warm-up:
 Try to figure out the letters corresponding to the code below:
 CODE: 9-11-14-15-23-2-9-15
 Use the same de-coding method to fill in the blank using
CODE 2 and 3.
 CODE 2: 3-5-14-20-18-1-12
 CODE 3: 4-15-7-13-1
 Today we will be learning about ___________ _________
 How did you do that?! Other than because you’re so
amazing!... Write down the mental steps you had to take to
figure out that code.

3. Code Breaking Activity
Objective: To break the code onto a sheet of paper as a group and
translate the broken code to a series of pictures in order as fast as you
can. Turn this code in to Quanina to finish the activity.
Guidelines:
1. Everybody participates
2. No talking; gestures and hand movements are okay
3. 60 seconds to consult with team on roles and game plan before
activity

4. Code Breaking Activity
Breaking the code: Example:
 Code alternates between letter N-1-S-3-*-16
and number
Corresponds to
 Letters and numbers correspond
to a series of 3 letter words O-A-T-C-A-P
 If given a “letter” choose the next
Which are the words
letter in the alphabet.
“oat” and “cap”
 If given a number choose the
letter from the alphabet that NOTE: * means A
corresponds to the number

5. Code Breaking Activity
Breaking the code: Practice Problem:
 Code alternates between letter L 9W
and number
 Letters and numbers correspond
to a series of 3 letter words
Practice Problem
 If given a “letter” choose the next Answer:
letter in the alphabet.
MIX
 If given a number choose the
letter from the alphabet that
corresponds to the number

6. Code Breaking Activity
Wrap-Up: Pass in the transcribed code along with the translated
pictures

7. Central Dogma Notes
DO NOT DRAW DIAGRAM

8. Transcription
DNA Transcription is the process of making a complementary
RNA copy of a sequence (section) of DNA
Transcription is similar to DNA replication except DNA is copied
to make more DNA
Transcription: DNA  RNA

9. Video
 Transcription Basic:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MfSYnItYvg
Markers

10. Transcription In Eukaryotes:
 Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus
 Eukaryotic Transcription Step 1: Initiation
 Eukaryotic Transcription Step 2: Elongation
 Eukaryotic Transcription Step 3: Termination
 Eukaryotic Transcription Step 4: Post Transcriptional
Modification

11. Transcription In Eukaryotes:

12. Transcription In Eukaryotes: Initiation
Gene
Template strand and
Coding Strand
Promoter region and
Termination point
Introns and Exons

13. Transcription In Eukaryotes: Initiation
Step 1a:
Transcription factors
(proteins) bind
together on the
promoter region to
form a transcription
initiation complex.
Step 1b: RNA
polymerase binds
the transcription
initiation complex.

14. Transcription In Eukaryotes: Elongation
Step 2a: RNA
polymerase starts
moving along the
template strand from 5’
to 3’ adding free RNA
to make mRNA.

15. Transcription In Eukaryotes: Transcription
Step 3a: RNA
polymerase stops at a
termination codon or a
poly-A site.

16. Transcription In Eukaryotes: Post-
transcriptional Modification
Spliceosome cuts
out introns
5’ cap and Poly-A
tail helps stabilize
mRNA

17. Advanced Video
 Advanced Transcription:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMtWvDbfHLo
 Simple to Understand:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsofH466lqk

18. Transcription In Prokaryotes
 Prokaryotic Transcription
occurs in the cytoplasm

19. Transcription In Prokaryotes
Prokaryotic Transcription Step 1: Initiation
Prokaryotic Transcription Step 2: Elongation
Prokaryotic Transcription Step 3: Termination

20. Transcription in Prokaryotes: Initiation
A sigma factor (a type of
protein) binds to RNA
polymerase. This allows
RNA polymerase to bind
to the promoter region.

21. Transcription In Prokaryotes: Elongation
RNA polymerase
starts moving along
the template strand
from 5’ to 3’ adding
free RNA to make
mRNA.
mRNA is immediately
transcribed to a
protein as mRNA is
made

22. Transcription In Prokaryotes: Termination
RNA polymerase stops at a
termination codon or
when a rho protein catches
up to RNA polymerase.