Beijing planning history and some contemporary planning issues.

1. BEIJING

3. Tianjin School of Architecture Teachers

4. Tianjin School of Architecture Students

5. Tianjin School of Architecture Students

6. Tianjin School of Architecture Students

7. Student Work 1986 -7 Kindergarten

8. Student Work 1986 -7 Community Center

9. T O W N S C O N S U L T I N G www.townsnet.com 周道顾问

11. China, a vast reservoir of resources and experience

12. Xia Dynasty (2100-1600 BC), Bronze Ritual Vessel

13. Shang Dynasty (1600-1027 BC), Bronze Mask

14. Zhou Dynasty (1027-256 BC), Ideal City described in Zhou Li: Kao Gong Ji

15. Zhou Dynasty (1027-256 BC), Confucius 551-459 BC

16. Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD) , Clay Figurine

17. Han Dynasty, Clay Figurine

18. Han Dynasty, Brick Relief Carving

19. Northern Wei (386-534) / Sui / Tang, Buddhist Relief Sculpture

20. Northern Wei (386-534) / Sui / Tang, Buddhist Relief Sculpture

21. Northern Wei (386-534) / Sui / Tang, Buddhist Relief Sculpture

22. Tang Dynasty (618-907), Clay Figurine of a Foreign Merchant

23. Tang Dynasty, Big Goose Pagoda, Xian

24. Han to Tang Dynasty, Dun Huang Caves, Colour Scheme

25. Han to Tang Dynasty, Dun Huang Caves, Colour Scheme

26. Tang Dynasty, Handwriting of the Poet, Li Bai

27. Song Dynasty (960-1279), Porcelain

28. Song Dynasty, “Traveling Amid Hills and Streams” by Fan Kuan

29. Song Dynasty, Stone Sculpture

30. Song Dynasty Buddhist Statue

31. Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), Mural Painting

32. Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), “Hanging Temple”, Shanxi Province

33. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Temple of Heaven, Hall of Prayers for Good Harvests

34. Robert Temple, The Genius of China, 1998.

35. Robert Temple, The Genius of China, 1998.

36. Prince Chu Cai Yu invented the tempered scale in 1584. Johann Sebastian Bach, used it for The Well-tempered Clavier , 1722. Twelve fifths = (1.0136) Seven octaves Some Examples: The Decimal System, the compass, paper, explosives, wheelbarrow,…. Columbus and Zheng He Sailing into the wind

37. Voyages of exploration and exchange not conquest.

38. “ It would be better if the nations and peoples of the world had a clearer understanding of each other, allowing the mental chasm between East an West to be bridged. After all they are, and have been for several centuries, intimate partners in the business of building a world civilization. The technological world of today is a product of both East and West to an extent which until recently no one had ever imagined. It is now time for the Chinese contribution to be recognized and acknowledged, by east and West alike. And, above all, let this be recognized by today’s school children, who will be the generation to absorb it into their fundamental conceptions about the world. When that happens, Chinese and Westerners will be able to look each other in the eye, knowing themselves to be true and full partners. Robert Temple, The Genius of China, 1998, p. 12 Modern Science & Technology European Industrial Revolution European Agricultural Revolution Chinese Ideas and Inventions The Islamic world was a vital link between China and Europe.

40. Zhou Dynasty (1027-256 BC), Ideal Administrative City described in Zhou Li: Kao Gong Ji The Capital City, a link between Heaven and Earth

41. New World Order Maturation of Humanity All-inclusive Family Global Village Grand Synthesis (Lazlo) Omega Point Majestic House “ Tian Xia Yi Jia” "The Age of Nations is past. The task before us now, if we would not perish, is to build the Earth.” T. de Chardin “ The Earth is One Country and Mankind its Citizens” Baha’u’llah "Heaven is my father and earth is my mother.. all people are my brothers and sisters, and all things are my companions...“ Zhang Zai (1020-77) Our Collective Heritage

42. “ Much like the role played by the gene pool in the biological life of humankind and its environment, the immense wealth of cultural diversity achieved over thousands of years is vital to the social and economic development of a human race experiencing its collective coming-of-age. It represents a heritage that must be permitted to bear its fruit in a global civilization. On the one hand, cultural expressions need to be protected from suffocation by the materialistic influences currently holding sway. On the other, cultures must be enabled to interact with one another in ever-changing patterns of civilization, free of manipulation for partisan political ends. “ The Prosperity of Humankind, Baha'i International Community, 1995.

44. Zhou Dynasty (1027-256 BC), Ideal City described in Zhou Li: Kao Gong Ji Beijing: Capital City, a link between Heaven and Earth

45. Beijing: a city linking heaven and earth The Em peror prayed for good harvests. Emperor’s Room: Place of Honour, Power, & Stillness

47. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Temple of Heaven, Hall of Prayers for Good Harvests

48. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Temple of Heaven

49. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Temple of Heaven

50. Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Temple of Heaven, Hall of Prayers for Good Harvests

51. Beijing Old City: Forbidden City Emperor’s Room: Place of Honour, Power, & Stillness Five Colours Earth Temple

52. Beijing Old City: Five Colours Earth Temple Emperor’s Room: Place of Honour, Power & Stillness

53. Beijing Old City: Courtyard house is a “child” of the Forbidden City. A reminder of the Heaven–Earth linkage in every home. Patriarch’s Room: Place of Honour, Power & Stillness Fractal Hieirarchy

54. Beijing Old City: Courtyard House Patriarchs Room: Place of Honour, Power & Stillness

55. Beijing Old City: 2008 Olympic Site is on the ceremonial “sacred” axis. The Olympic theme also reflects a consciousness of the link between heaven and earth.

58. Xia 2200 – 1750 BC

59. Shang 1750 – 1040 BC

60. Western Zhou 1027 – 771 BC

61. Eastern Zhou 770 -256 BC

62. Qin 221 – 227 BC

63. Han 206 BC – 220 AD

64. Tang 618 - 907

65. Northern Song 960 - 1127 LIAO XI XIA

66. Southern Song 1127 - 1279 JIN XI XIA

67. Yuan 1271 – 1368 (Chinese “Ship of State” run by Mongolian captains) The Meng People (Mongolian)

68. Ming 1368 - 1644

69. Qing 1636 – 1911 (Chinese “Ship of State” run by Man/Qing captains) The Man People (Manchuria)

70. Qing: Rebellions (green) and Incursions (red) 1840 - 1911 Russia Japan Russia England England France Germany Japan Russia

71. People’s Republic of China 1949 (Relative isolation for over 25 years) Open Door 1978

75. Liao 916-1125 Jin 1125 - 1234

80. Liao Ming-Qing

81. Jin

82. Yuan

83. Ming-Qing

84. The Growth of Beijing: 1949-2008

85. 2 Growth of Beijing: 1949-2008

86. 2 3 Growth of Beijing: 1949-2008

87. 2 3 4 Growth of Beijing: 1949-2008

88. 2 3 4 5 6.7 km 12 km 18 km 30 km Growth of Beijing: 1949-2008

89. CBD Growth of Beijing: 1949-2008 3 2 4 5

100. Chicago on the Lakeshore

101. Chicago: Downtown

102. Chicago: Mid-rise, 3 and 4 story apartments

103. Chicago: 1 and 2 story single family housing

104. Chicago: Single family, low density

105. Beijing

106. Central Beijing

107. Central Beijing: large city block

108. Central Beijing: Courtyard Housing

109. Central Beijing: Courtyard House

110. Beijing far suburbs: Courtyard House

111. Chicago Core

112. Chicago Core and a piece of old Beijing

113. Beijing West: Just outside 2nd Ring Road, Russian-influenced planning

114. Beijing North of 2nd Ring Road

115. Shanghai

116. Beijing West 3rd Ring Road

119. Cliff Moughtin, Emeritus Professor of Planning at the University of Nottingham, believes too large a block destroys city life. "The larger and more homogenous the street block the greater will be its power to destroy the social, economic, and physical networks of the city. The large-scale single-use, single-ownership street block is the instrument most influential in the decline of the city: its effect, together with that of its partner the motorcar, are among the real causes of the death of the great city." [1] Cliff Moughtin, Urban Design: Green Dimensions , 1996, Architectural Press, P.138 Google Earth

120. Block Size Comparison: Beijing-New York

121. Zhong Jing Architects and Engineers 1989-1993, Beijing, China

122. Zhong Jing Design Institute, Beijing, 1990

123. Shandong, Qingdao Urban Renewal Circulation Plan 1990

124. Shandong, Qingdao Urban Renewal 1990 Shandong, Qingdao Urban Renewal, 1990 Housing at the left and right; Commercial at both sides of central street

125. Shandong, Qingdao, Fushan Bay Planning 1992

126. Shandong, Qingdao, Fushan Bay Planning 1992 山东青岛浮山湾规划 Site of 2008 Olympic Water Events

127. Xing Fu Cun Mixed Use Development 2002 Beijing, China

128. Xing Fu San Cun Construction Site 2008 3.3 hectares

129. Xing Fu San Cun Mixed Use Development

130. Xing Fu San Cun Mixed Use Development

131. Xing Fu San Cun Mixed Use Development

132. Site Plan 怀柔方案 2003 China Academy of Drama: 33 hectare site

133. China Academy of Drama: 33 hectare site

134. 都市化形式 Town-like Form China Academy of Drama: 14 hectare site Entry Plaza Student Plaza

135. Dormitory and Dining Dining

137. Shanghai

138. Beijing West 2nd Ring Road; Russian – influenced planning

139. Beijing N 2nd Ring Road

140. Beijing West 3rd Ring Road; Towers Predominate

141. Beijing: Nan Mo Fang, 1994

142. Xing Fu San Cun Mixed Use Development; continuous podium

143. Zhong Tie Office Center, Beijing

144. Zhong Tie Office Center, Beijing

145. Cooperation with Beijing Institute of Architectural Design, 3RD Department

146. Cooperation with Beijing Institute of Architectural Design, 2ND Department

147. 都市化形式 Formation of streets and squares needs some east-west buildings. China Academy of Drama: 33 hectare site

148. Campus Street: Dining at Right, Library at Left

149. Library at Left with deeply recessed windows at levels 2 and 3.

150. Student Plaza Student Plaza

151. 学生宿舍 Dormitory (with balconies) Campus Street

152. Acting and Directing School

153. Acting & Directing Teaching Building: Study Sketch

154. 图书馆 Library East-facing Sun Screen

155. Library Level 1

156. Library Mezzanine Level

157. Library Level 2

158. Library Level 3

159. Library West Facade

160. Library West Fenestration Section

161. Dining: Sun-shading Screens

162. Dining: Sun-shading Screens

163. Dining: Sun-shading Screens

164. Dining: Ivy Sun-shading Screens

165. Dining: Sun-shading Screens

166. 中午 Dining: Natural Sun-shading

167. 下午三点 Dining: Natural Sun-shading

168. 下午五点 Dining: Natural Sun-shading

169. Ivy: a Campus in England

170. Ivy: Switzerland

171. Ivy: Germany

172. Main Plaza Theater

173. Main Plaza

174. Main Plaza

175. Main Plaza

177. Example of Chinese Vernacular Architecture

178. Five storey house in old village

179. 1950s, Beijing, extending the old

181. Front Entrance

182. Beijing Railway Station

183. Tower with Chinese pavilion on top

184. Tower with Chinese pavilion on top

185. A vertically-Stretched Pavilion

186. Beijing Ren Bao Office Building Design by RTKL, 1996

187. Abstracted, Simplified Chinese Roof

188. A More Literal Chinese Roof

189. Glass Facade with Chinese Roof and Pai Lou Gate

190. Yellow Tiles at Top

191. New Railway Station

192. Simplified “Chinese“ Roof

193. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

194. Shanghai, SOM-designed Office and Hotel Tower

195. How thick is this book?

196. The Elements of Civilization were all Present in China’s History

197. The Elements of Civilization were all Present in China’s History But the power of the old vision has weakened.

198. Beijing 1990

199. Zaha Hadid, Opera House Guangzhou

200. Paul Andreau, National Grand Theater of China, Beijing

201. RTKL, Shanghai Science Center

202. Bird’s Nest Olympic Stadium, Beijing

203. Sasaki Site Planning, Olympic Park, Beijing

204. Watercube National Swimming Center, Beijing

205. Watercube National Swimming Center, Beijing

206. Foster, Beijing Capital International Airport

207. Steven Holl, Beijing Hybrid Housing

208. Japanese Design, Jian Wai SOHO, Beijing

209. Rem Koolhaas, CCTV Tower Beijing

210. SOM, China Offshore Oil Corp. Headquarters, Beijing

211. HOK, Shanghai World Finance Center

212. Art Gallery, Chengdu

213. Zhang Yong He, Hebei Education Publishing House, Shijiazhuang

214. Bamboo House, Beijing

215. Courtyard House, Lantian

216. Ningbo, Beilun Free Trade Zone

217. Water Courtyard in Nan Xi Jiang, Zhejiang Province

218. Ningbo, Beilun Free Trade Zone Administration Center

219. Ningbo, Beilun Free Trade Zone 2002, Elevations South West

220. Xing Fu San Cun Mixed Use Development

221. Xing Fu San Cun Looking through the Gates

222. Pai Lou Gate

223. Layered Space

224. Xing Fu San Cun Mixed Use Development

225. 南浔镇现状 Nan Xun Hotel Site Context

227. Nan Xun Hotel, Bird’s Eye View Restaurant Old Factory Boutique Hotel Spiral Plan Hotel Old Mansion

228. Nan Xun Hotel, Dining

229. Waterside Outdoor Eating

230. Nan Xun Hotel, Existing Mansion and New Dining

231. Nan Xun Hotel, Section of Dining and Existing Mansion

232. Liang Se Cheng Proposed Beijing Linear Park on top of Old City Wall

234. Preservation Area Building Condition Analysis

235. Preservation Area Function Map

237. Courtyard Design

238. Drum Tower

239. Drum Tower

240. Qian Long Map, Drum Tower Area

242. Courtyard Renewal Project The Hold-Out Chiang Kai Shek Home of Prince Old Beijing

243. The Hold-Out

244. Courtyard Renewal Project The Hold-Out Chiang Kai Shek Home of Prince

245. Former Home of Prince, Now a School (1997)

246. Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

247. Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

248. Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

249. Clay Tiles on Roofs, Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

250. Date Tree, Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

251. Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

252. Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

253. Courtyard Renewal Project, Ju Er Hu Tong

254. Local School

255. Local School

256. Younger Son’s School

257. Small Hu Tong Shop

258. On-line Courtyard, Bread and Breakfast

259. Old Courtyard House Restoration by Private Owner

263. Frugal Lifestyle 生活简朴 Population Control 计划生育 Eating low in the food chain 食用植物多于肉类 Optimum Urban Density 最适宜的城市密度 Urban Housing: mainly apartment type 住宅类型主要是公寓 Bicycle Transportation 自行车是交通工具 Brief List of Existing Sustainable Characteristics

265. New World Order Maturation of Humanity All-inclusive Family Global Village Grand Synthesis (Lazlo) Omega Point Majestic House “ Tian Xia Yi Jia” "The Age of Nations is past. The task before us now, if we would not perish, is to build the Earth.” T. de Chardin “ The Earth is One Country and Mankind its Citizens” Baha’u’llah "Heaven is my father and earth is my mother.. all people are my brothers and sisters, and all things are my companions...“ Zhang Zai (1020-77) Our Collective Heritage Unity and The Recognition of Oneness are the Foundations of Sustainability

266. John Fairbank This noted Sinologist, in the introduction to his recent book, China: A New History, refers to China as a latecomer to modernity. And, he asks whether China has emerged from isolation just in time to participate in the demise of the world or, with millennia of survival experience, to rescue it? Bertrand Russell While he was working as a teacher in Beijing in the1920s, He observed China's: "production without possession, action without self-assertion, and development without domination" . Russell, Bertrand, The Basic Writings Writings of Bertrand Russell: 1903-1959 , Edited by Robert E. Egner and Lester E. Dennon, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, 1961 .

269. Thank you!