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Examples of user research needed for optimal comfort design Prof dr P. Vink,  editor of the book:
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
No research/design could be dramatic An armrest with the controls on the thigh
expec- tations comf.  brochures,  websites first  sight good  looking, spacious short term comfort:  positive  attention  discomfort:  no obstacles,  no pressure  points long term comfort:  nice  entertainment discomfort: posture variation good fit after care tell  “ bad =  coinci- dence”  The comfort process in time
expec- tations first  sight short term -Find main  user demands -Test  alternatives -Test final  product long term -Find main  user demands -Use  biomechanics/  ergonomics -Test  alternatives -Test final  product after care Effects  of treat- ments  For each phase research Studying how users react on websites  products
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 three
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Designers make nice office chairs
a cheap and simple chair: four controls
Vink et al., 2007 How often do you adjust the chair (n=100)?
thus, user research is needed in design
user research alone is useless  2193876345987630458796305760387562038746508374560283746508237456083746508374605837465209837456028374650823746058273460582735609827360528734650287345602873456q49067194869847692847698246941385608347065187340813705`7201834750`872340873509830658357601385765781698356138659814350823752873562823537650283745602387310380561873451983057173
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case 1: Long Island RailRoad trainseat  More info: Bronkhorst & Krause, 2005
2 designers + topexpert (Vink) idea:    comfort in passenger seats could be better ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],LIRR: design process
Results of the observations Anthropometric data + 4 main activities: -sleeping -reading -just sitting/talking -in- and egress really important
Study of the best benchmark (S1) against the now used chair (S0) to come up with ideas
Regular LPD measurements
Even improvements for the best chair back angle depth of the seat in- egress/arm rest back cushion angle arm rest hip to knee space wings  stiff cushions no side head support styling  5 o
 
 
 
 
83% of 20 passengers experience more comfort sitting, reading, sleeping
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case 2: Faber work station design More information: Van Rhijn et al. (2005)
2 designers + topexpert (again Vink):   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Participatory approach
the company   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
the question   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
the design process   (participatory)  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
from batch (old)  to flow (new)
other result of the new design   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
evaluation goals   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
9 15  45  (3p) 134,7 3,6 min 1 hours 12 min (3p) New situation -25% 20  Required space/person (m ²) -44% 80,5  (4p) Required space (m ²) -46% 2 hours 35 min (2p) Lead time of a batch (60 products) -31% 5,2 min Time/person/product +96% 4,6 Products per person per day per m ² +44% 93,3 Products/person/day % Old situation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Results Working postures
Results Job satisfaction 6 Reduced walking with heavy boxes  3 Reduced work stress / time stress   2 Improved detection of faults   6 Improved use of work space 5 Improved tasks diversity 4 Improved  job content  6 Improved experienced productivity 5 Improvement towards more pleasant work # yes (of 6) Job satisfaction in the new situation
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Case 3: Aircraft interior  More information:  Blok et al. (2007), Vink et al. (2007)
20 – 30 years of difference: can you see it?
of course there are changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Main problems in 11,000 trip reports
% of comfort aspects that 153 participants rated “very poor/poor” on a five point scale:  1=very poor, 2=poor, 3=moderate, 4=good,  5=very good.
main problems  Knee space Seat width Personal space However, in case of  delay/cancellation/ lost luggage, comfort is also rated low  + cramped muscles/tired/stiff
Possibility 1 stimulating movement Design: I. Kamp
Possibility 2 more kneespace  for the same  nr passengers Design: I. Kamp
Possibility 3 personal space Design: I. Kamp
What do passengers like? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion: guru Vink says: Better design thought research  or design through research or … should be practiced by you!!!
References Blok M, Vink P, Kamp I. Comfortabel vliegen: comfort van het vliegtuiginterieur door de ogen van de gebruiker. Tijdschrift voor Ergonomie 2007;32(4):4-11.  Bronkhorst RE, Krause F, Designing Comfortable Passenger Seats, In: Vink P, ed. Comfort and Design: Principles and Good Practice. Boca Raton (etc.): CRC Press, 2005:155-168 Rhijn JW van, Looze MP de, Tuinzaad GH, Groenesteijn L, Groot MD de, Vink P. Changing from batch to flow assembly in the production of emergency lighting devices. International Journal for Production Research 2005;43:3687-3701 Vink P., Porcar-Seder R., Page de Poso A., Krause F. Office chairs are often not adjusted by end-users. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) 51st Annual Meeting, Baltimore, October 1-5, 2007. CD-ROM. Vink P. I. Kamp, M. Blok, A description of the aircraft interiors study can be found at  http://www.io.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=2241219a-ddeb-405c-a2dd-57f54b89cdb4&lang=en

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Examples of user research needed for optimal comfort design

  • 1. Examples of user research needed for optimal comfort design Prof dr P. Vink, editor of the book:
  • 2.
  • 3. No research/design could be dramatic An armrest with the controls on the thigh
  • 4. expec- tations comf. brochures, websites first sight good looking, spacious short term comfort: positive attention discomfort: no obstacles, no pressure points long term comfort: nice entertainment discomfort: posture variation good fit after care tell “ bad = coinci- dence” The comfort process in time
  • 5. expec- tations first sight short term -Find main user demands -Test alternatives -Test final product long term -Find main user demands -Use biomechanics/ ergonomics -Test alternatives -Test final product after care Effects of treat- ments For each phase research Studying how users react on websites products
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. Designers make nice office chairs
  • 9. a cheap and simple chair: four controls
  • 10. Vink et al., 2007 How often do you adjust the chair (n=100)?
  • 11. thus, user research is needed in design
  • 12. user research alone is useless 2193876345987630458796305760387562038746508374560283746508237456083746508374605837465209837456028374650823746058273460582735609827360528734650287345602873456q49067194869847692847698246941385608347065187340813705`7201834750`872340873509830658357601385765781698356138659814350823752873562823537650283745602387310380561873451983057173
  • 13.
  • 14. Case 1: Long Island RailRoad trainseat More info: Bronkhorst & Krause, 2005
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17. Results of the observations Anthropometric data + 4 main activities: -sleeping -reading -just sitting/talking -in- and egress really important
  • 18. Study of the best benchmark (S1) against the now used chair (S0) to come up with ideas
  • 20. Even improvements for the best chair back angle depth of the seat in- egress/arm rest back cushion angle arm rest hip to knee space wings stiff cushions no side head support styling 5 o
  • 21.  
  • 22.  
  • 23.  
  • 24.  
  • 25. 83% of 20 passengers experience more comfort sitting, reading, sleeping
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. Case 2: Faber work station design More information: Van Rhijn et al. (2005)
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. from batch (old) to flow (new)
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. 9 15 45 (3p) 134,7 3,6 min 1 hours 12 min (3p) New situation -25% 20 Required space/person (m ²) -44% 80,5 (4p) Required space (m ²) -46% 2 hours 35 min (2p) Lead time of a batch (60 products) -31% 5,2 min Time/person/product +96% 4,6 Products per person per day per m ² +44% 93,3 Products/person/day % Old situation
  • 38.
  • 39. Results Job satisfaction 6 Reduced walking with heavy boxes 3 Reduced work stress / time stress 2 Improved detection of faults 6 Improved use of work space 5 Improved tasks diversity 4 Improved job content 6 Improved experienced productivity 5 Improvement towards more pleasant work # yes (of 6) Job satisfaction in the new situation
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. Case 3: Aircraft interior More information: Blok et al. (2007), Vink et al. (2007)
  • 45. 20 – 30 years of difference: can you see it?
  • 46.
  • 47. Main problems in 11,000 trip reports
  • 48. % of comfort aspects that 153 participants rated “very poor/poor” on a five point scale: 1=very poor, 2=poor, 3=moderate, 4=good, 5=very good.
  • 49. main problems Knee space Seat width Personal space However, in case of delay/cancellation/ lost luggage, comfort is also rated low + cramped muscles/tired/stiff
  • 50. Possibility 1 stimulating movement Design: I. Kamp
  • 51. Possibility 2 more kneespace for the same nr passengers Design: I. Kamp
  • 52. Possibility 3 personal space Design: I. Kamp
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57. Conclusion: guru Vink says: Better design thought research or design through research or … should be practiced by you!!!
  • 58. References Blok M, Vink P, Kamp I. Comfortabel vliegen: comfort van het vliegtuiginterieur door de ogen van de gebruiker. Tijdschrift voor Ergonomie 2007;32(4):4-11. Bronkhorst RE, Krause F, Designing Comfortable Passenger Seats, In: Vink P, ed. Comfort and Design: Principles and Good Practice. Boca Raton (etc.): CRC Press, 2005:155-168 Rhijn JW van, Looze MP de, Tuinzaad GH, Groenesteijn L, Groot MD de, Vink P. Changing from batch to flow assembly in the production of emergency lighting devices. International Journal for Production Research 2005;43:3687-3701 Vink P., Porcar-Seder R., Page de Poso A., Krause F. Office chairs are often not adjusted by end-users. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) 51st Annual Meeting, Baltimore, October 1-5, 2007. CD-ROM. Vink P. I. Kamp, M. Blok, A description of the aircraft interiors study can be found at http://www.io.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=2241219a-ddeb-405c-a2dd-57f54b89cdb4&lang=en