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1. RESCUE IN CONFINED SPACES

2. Objectives
• Able to understand the purpose of the various rescue
methods
• Able to execute the rescue methods when presented
with a confined space situation

3. Scope
• Introduction
• Definition of confined space
• Types of confined space
• Types of confined space rescue
• Hazards of associated with confined space rescue
• Rescue Evacuation Plan
• Emergency Evacuation Methods
• Safety Precautions
• Conclusion

4. Introduction
• Rescue in Confined Spaces is often a very daunting task
• Most hazardous of all rescue activities
• Safety of rescuers are of top
priority

5. Definition of Confined Space
• Limited or restricted means of entry
and exit
• Not designated for
continuous occupancy

6. E
X
A
M
P
L
E
Silos
Collapsed Structures

7. Ducts
Sewers & Closed Drains
E
X
A
M
P
L
E

8. Types of
Confined Space Rescue
• Self Rescue
Victim gets himself out of confined space without help
• Non- Entry Rescue
Rescuer saves victim without entering confined space
(Using equipments like ropes or poles)
• Entry Rescue
Rescuer saves victim by entering confined space

9. Hazards Associated With
Confined Space Rescue
• Hazardous Atmosphere
• Fall Risk
• Mechanical Hazards
• Flooding or Engulfment Potential

10. Rescue PreliminariesRescue Preliminaries
• Rescue helmet and gloves to be worn at all times
• Smart 4 rolled down to Long 4
• Ensure all surrounding hazards are cleared before
approaching for victim for rescue

11. Rescue PreliminariesRescue Preliminaries
• Make sure hands are tucked into the belt and legs are
crossed

12. Rescue Action Plan
Casualty Assessment & Care
1. Approach with care
2. If atmosphere is safe, begin primary assessment
3. If atmosphere is unsafe, do not enter
4. Ensure personal safety first

13. Emergency Evacuation
Methods
• Forward Drag
(Rescue Crawl
or Neck Drag )
• Cross Chest Method
• Collar Pull
• Leg Pull
• Blanket

14. Forward Drag Method
(Casualty without injured
hand)
1) Tie the arms of the casualty
securely at both wrists with
triangular bandages
2) Kneel astride
3) Pass your head through the
arms of the casualty
4) Straighten your arms to lift
casualty
5) Drag casualty out by
crawling and pushing your
feet

15. Forward Drag Method
(Casualty with
injured hand)
1) Using belt, rope or bandage,
slide it under the arc of
casualty’s body near armpits
2) Kneel astride
3) Pass loop over your head
4) Straighten your arms to lift
casualty
5) Drag casualty out by crawling
and pushing your feet

16. Cross Chest Method
1) Lift casualty to a sitting
position
2) Sit behind casualty with both
legs apart
3) Place casualty’s hands
crossed across chest with
fingers on shoulders
4) Insert your arm under the
casualty’s armpit and hold
the outer arm of the casualty
5) Drag casualty out backwards

17. Cross Chest Method
1) Lift casualty to a sitting
position
2) Sit behind casualty with both
legs apart
3) Place casualty’s hands
crossed across chest with
fingers on shoulders
4) Insert your arm under the
casualty’s armpit and hold
the outer arm of the casualty
5) Drag casualty out backwards

18. Collar Pull Method
• Only used when
previous methods are
deemed unsuitable
• Always ensure that
casualty’s head is
placed in the direction
of the exit

19. Collar Pull Method
• Make sure your arms
support the casualty
head at all times.
• Your hand should grab
the collar and not his
neck

20. Leg Pull Method
• Only used as a last
resort in very confined
spaces under life-
threatening situations
• Ensure that casualty’s
legs are placed in the
direction of the exit
• Legs Crossed and hands
on the thigh area
• Be sure to pull both
legs at the same time,
with equal force

21. Leg Pull Method
• Make sure to place a soft padding and
secure with a bandage under the
casualty head if possible
1. Pull Casualty
2. Slide/Push your
backwards
3. Pull Casualty Again
4. Repeat Steps 1- 3
until casualty is
rescued

22. Blanket Method
(Blanket Preparation)

23. Blanket Method
(Blanket Preparation)

24. Blanket Method

25. • Ensure proper safety at all times
• Follow proper procedures
• Do not rush into the venue
• Do not try rescuing alone
• Call back-up
• Standby team to help/assist
• Ensure proper ventilation of area
• Stay alert
Safety Precautions

26. Conclusion
• Confined space rescue is a dangerous activity
• Always ensure personnel performing confined space rescue
are well equipped and prepared for operation