1. Universal History Colegio Inter Canadiense de Puebla Teacher: Roberto Sánchez

4. Historians Antropologists/Archaeologists Study and write about the people and events of history. Study the origins and developments of people and their societies during prehistory; study physical and cultural traits of people. Primarily analyze written records; also analyze artifacts. Primarily analyze artififacts and material remains; also analyze written records. Evaluate the eveidence using reasonable judments and the work of other scholars Evaluate the evidence using reasonable judgments, moderns innovations, the work of other scholars Interpret and explain the evidence Interpret and explain the evidence Sort out disagreement over the evidence and change theories in light of new evidence. Sort out disagreement over the evidence and change theories in light of new evidence.

5. 7 million B.C . By this time the earliest human ancestors may live in Africa. 2 million B.C Early human ancestors have begun making and using simple stone tools. 100,000 B.C The earliest modern humans, called homo sapiens, begin to spread throughout the world 40,000 B.C. By this time, people have traveled across the ocean by boat from southeast Asia to Australia. 30,000 B.C. Early people begin painting animals on the walls of caves 9000 B.C. People learned to grow their own crops and begin settling in permanent farming villages. 3200 B.C. The world’s first civilizations begin to develop in river valleys Prehistory

6. Hominid Groups Over Time Hominid Group Earliest Known Evidence Australopithecines 7 million years ago Homo Habilis 2 million years ago Homo erectus 2 million years ago Homo sapiens +Neanderthal +Early modern humans 250,000-100,000 years ago

12. Cause and Effect Neolithic people learn to farm . Hunters and gatherers settle into Farming communities. Some farmers settle in river valleys, where the soil is very fertile. New Technologies improved farming. Food surpluses support growing populations. The first cities are built in fertile valleys.

13. Basic Features of Civilizations Feature Description Cities Population centers that are notably larger and more organized that towns and villages and that support the other features of civilizations. Organized Governments Structure goverments that coodinate large-scale projects such as food production or construction, establish laws and organize defense systems. Complex Religions Systems of religious beliefs that usually include rituals and worship of one or more gods or godnesses . Job Specialization System in which there are different types of jobs and each worker focouses on one particular type. Social Classes Ranked groups whithin society that are determined by job or economic standing. Arts & Architecture Various types of artwork and buildings that city and its people. Writing Structured writing systems used iniatially by governments or religious leaders to record important information.

20. 3500 B.C . City States flourished in Sumer 2600 B.C Cities are built in the Indus Valley of South Asia 2500 B.C Egypt’s Old Kingdom begins 2300 B.C Sargon the Ruler of Akkad, conquers Sumer 2000 B.C The Kingdom of Nubia develops along the Nile River in East Africa 1790 B.C Hammurabi, the king of Babylon, issues the first written the law code 1766 B.C The Shang Dinasty in Chine emerges. 1150 B.C The Olmecs built the first civilization in the Americas. 1000 B.C The kingdom of Israel is established, and Israelites beliefs envolve into a major religion, Judaism 750 B.C Greek City-States such as Athens begin to develop 522 B.C Darius begins to unify the Persian Empire 509 B.C The Roman Republic is founded

21. Mesopotamia