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Part 4  Managing Software Project  Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
Chapter  21 Project Management Concepts   Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
The 4 P’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stakeholders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Software Teams How to lead? How to organize? How to motivate? How to collaborate? How to create good ideas?
Team Leader ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Software Teams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The following factors must be considered when selecting a software project team structure ...
Organizational Paradigms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],suggested by Constantine [CON93]
Avoid Team “Toxicity” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Agile Teams ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Team Coordination & Communication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Product Scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problem Decomposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Melding the Problem and the Process
The Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common-Sense Approach to Projects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
To Get to the Essence of a Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Barry Boehm
Critical Practices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chapter  22   Process and Project Metrics  Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
A Good Manager Measures measurement What do we use as a basis? •  size? •  function? project metrics process metrics process product product metrics
Why Do We Measure? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Measurement ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Process Metrics Guidelines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Software Process Improvement SPI Process model Improvement goals Process metrics Process improvement recommendations
Process Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Project Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Typical Project Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metrics Guidelines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Typical Size-Oriented Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Typical Function-Oriented Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparing LOC and FP Representative values developed by QSM
Why Opt for FP? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Object-Oriented Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
WebE Project Metrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measuring Quality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Defect Removal Efficiency DRE =  E  /( E  +  D ) E  is the number of errors found before delivery of the software to the end-user  D  is the number of defects found after delivery.
Metrics for Small Organizations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Establishing a Metrics Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chapter 23 Estimation for Software Projects  Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
Software Project Planning The overall goal of project planning is to establish a pragmatic strategy for controlling, tracking, and monitoring a complex technical project. Why? So the end result gets done on time, with quality!
Project Planning Task Set-I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Project Planning Task Set-II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Write it Down! Software Project Plan Project Scope Estimates Risks Schedule Control strategy
To Understand Scope ... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Even when you understand, nothing is guaranteed!
What is Scope? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resources
Project Estimation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimation Techniques ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimation Accuracy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Functional Decomposition functional  decomposition Statement of Scope Perform a Grammatical “parse”
Conventional Methods: LOC/FP Approach ,[object Object],[object Object]
Process-Based Estimation Obtained from “process framework” application functions framework activities Effort required to accomplish each framework activity for each application function
Process-Based Estimation Example Based on an average burdened labor rate of $8,000 per month, the total estimated project cost is $368,000 and the estimated effort is 46 person-months.
Tool-Based Estimation project characteristics calibration factors LOC/FP data
Estimation with Use-Cases Using 620 LOC/pm as the average productivity for systems of this type and a burdened labor rate of $8000 per month, the cost per line of code is approximately $13. Based on the use-case estimate and the historical productivity data, the total estimated project cost is $552,000 and the estimated effort is 68 person-months.
Empirical Estimation Models General form: effort = tuning coefficient * size exponent usually derived as person-months of effort required either a constant or a number derived based  on complexity of project usually LOC but may also be function point empirically derived
COCOMO-II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Software Equation A dynamic multivariable model E = [LOC x B 0.333 /P] 3   x (1/t 4 ) where  E = effort in person-months or person-years t = project duration in months or years B = “special skills factor” P = “productivity parameter”
Estimation for OO Projects-I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimation for OO Projects-II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimation for Agile Projects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Make-Buy Decision
Computing Expected Cost (path probability)  x (estimated path cost)  i i For example, the expected cost to build is: expected cost  = 0.30 ($380K) + 0.70 ($450K)  similarly, expected cost  = $382K expected cost  = $267K expected cost  = $410K build reuse buy contr expected cost = = $429 K

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Slides chapters 21-23

  • 1. Part 4 Managing Software Project Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
  • 2. Chapter 21 Project Management Concepts Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Software Teams How to lead? How to organize? How to motivate? How to collaborate? How to create good ideas?
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15. Melding the Problem and the Process
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Chapter 22 Process and Project Metrics Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
  • 21. A Good Manager Measures measurement What do we use as a basis? • size? • function? project metrics process metrics process product product metrics
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25. Software Process Improvement SPI Process model Improvement goals Process metrics Process improvement recommendations
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32. Comparing LOC and FP Representative values developed by QSM
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Defect Removal Efficiency DRE = E /( E + D ) E is the number of errors found before delivery of the software to the end-user D is the number of defects found after delivery.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. Chapter 23 Estimation for Software Projects Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6th edition by Roger S. Pressman
  • 41. Software Project Planning The overall goal of project planning is to establish a pragmatic strategy for controlling, tracking, and monitoring a complex technical project. Why? So the end result gets done on time, with quality!
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45. Write it Down! Software Project Plan Project Scope Estimates Risks Schedule Control strategy
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52. Functional Decomposition functional decomposition Statement of Scope Perform a Grammatical “parse”
  • 53.
  • 54. Process-Based Estimation Obtained from “process framework” application functions framework activities Effort required to accomplish each framework activity for each application function
  • 55. Process-Based Estimation Example Based on an average burdened labor rate of $8,000 per month, the total estimated project cost is $368,000 and the estimated effort is 46 person-months.
  • 56. Tool-Based Estimation project characteristics calibration factors LOC/FP data
  • 57. Estimation with Use-Cases Using 620 LOC/pm as the average productivity for systems of this type and a burdened labor rate of $8000 per month, the cost per line of code is approximately $13. Based on the use-case estimate and the historical productivity data, the total estimated project cost is $552,000 and the estimated effort is 68 person-months.
  • 58. Empirical Estimation Models General form: effort = tuning coefficient * size exponent usually derived as person-months of effort required either a constant or a number derived based on complexity of project usually LOC but may also be function point empirically derived
  • 59.
  • 60. The Software Equation A dynamic multivariable model E = [LOC x B 0.333 /P] 3 x (1/t 4 ) where E = effort in person-months or person-years t = project duration in months or years B = “special skills factor” P = “productivity parameter”
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 65. Computing Expected Cost (path probability) x (estimated path cost) i i For example, the expected cost to build is: expected cost = 0.30 ($380K) + 0.70 ($450K) similarly, expected cost = $382K expected cost = $267K expected cost = $410K build reuse buy contr expected cost = = $429 K