1. VIRTUAL SURGERY
Under the guidance of
Prof. Yogita .Patil
Presented by:
Priyanka.V. Fulari
VIII semester CSE

2. Contents
1. Introduction.
2. What is virtual surgery?
3. Basic overview.
4. Virtual reality application.
5. Virtual surgery simulation.
6. Virtual surgery simulator.
7. Haptic interfacer.
8. Advantages.
9. Disadvantages.
10. Commercially available simulators.
Conclusion
References

3. Introduction
 Virtual reality is found by Jaron Lanier in1980’s.
 Human computer interface.
 Good tool for experiment.

4. What is virtual surgery
 Virtual reality technique.
 Improve surgery plans.
 Practice surgery on 3D models.
 Evaluate results.
 Repeating surgical procedures on errors.
 Anatomy can be viewed from various angles.

5. Basic overview
 Dangerous surgery is performed without harming
anyone.
 Virtual surgery done on computer screen with
motion sensors.
 Two types: 1. Traditional/open surgery
2. Laparoscopic surgery

6. Cont…
Traditional surgery is risky than Laparoscope surgery.
Fig: Laparoscopic surgery.

7. Virtual reality
applications in surgery
 Help to understand 3D complex structures.
 Virtual reality applications are subdivided into
four types:
1. Training and Education
2. Surgical planning
3. Image Guidance
4. Tele-surgery

8. Virtual surgery simulation
 There are two steps in virtual surgery simulation.
1. 3D image simulation.
2. Touch simulation.

9. Virtual surgery simulator
 Consists of a powerful pc.
 Pc runs software and an haptic interface.
 Useful to interact with virtual environment.
 It works on force-feedback loop.
 Software include a database of graphical and
haptic information representing the surgery parts.

10. Cont…
Fig: Haptic feed-back loop.

11. Phantom desktop 3D touch
system-a haptic interface
 The size is of desk-lamp.
 It has a robotic arm.
 It has two hands.
 One hand is used to interact with virtual world.
 Another hand is to touch and feel the virtual object.
 It uses the GHOST software.
 Roll and yaw movements.
 Translates the characters like elasticity, roughness into
commands to arm.

12. Cont…
 Semi-transparent mirror is used to collocates the
graphics and haptics.
 Position sensing done with 6 degree of freedom.
 force-feedback done with 3 degree of freedom.
 Simulate catheter insertion, needle injection,
suturing and surgical operations.

13. Cont…
Fig: Phantom haptic interface.

14. Advantages
 Minimizes medical mistakes.
 Better training.
 Difficult surgery procedures can be practiced.
 New procedures can be tried.
 Errors can be corrected.
 Gives the clear picture of the outcome of the surgery.

15. Disadvantages
 It is expensive.
 Special training to operate the machine.
 Wont give full experience .
 Time delay in simulator’s response to the
user’s movement.

16. Commercially available
virtual surgery simulators
 SIMENDO Laparoscopy (SIMENDO, Netherlands)
 Medical (Immersion inc , USA)
 LapSim (Surgical Science Sweden AB, Goteborg,
Sweden)
 LAP Mentor (Simbionix Ltd., Lod, Israel)
 Mentice MIST (Mentice AB, Göteborg, Sweden)
 SEP - SimSurgery Education Platform
(SimSurgery AS, Oslo, Norway)
 Prom IS (Haptic Ltd., Dublin, Ireland)
 HystSim (VirtaMed AG, Zurich, Switzerland)
 VOXEL-MAN TempoSurg (VOXEL-MAN Group,
Hamburg, Germany)

17. Conclusion
 Avoid the errors.
 Improve the surgical skills of the surgeons and
young doctors .
 Outcome is known before it is performed on the
real patients.

18. References
[1]. Daniel Sorid & Samuel K. Moore “The Virtual
Surgeon”, IEEE Spectrum
[2]. Paul J Gorman, MD; Andreas H Meler, MD; Thomas M
Krummel, MD, “Simulation and Virtual Reality in
Surgical Education Real or Unreal? “, Archives of
Surgery
[3]. R Satava “The King is Dead” Medicine.
[4]. Mandayam Srinivasan; Cagatay Basdogan, “Haptics in
Virtual Environments: Taxonomy, Research Status and
Challenges”, Computers and Graphics, vol 21, no4, pp.
[5]. SensAble Devices, Inc., “The PHANTOM‟, literature
from SensAble Devices Inc.

19. Thank you