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ELASTIN
Preethi chekuri
ELASTIC FIBRES
• Integral component of dermal connective
tissue
• It provides resilience & elasticity to the skin
• These are relatively minor component in
normal sun- protected adult skin
• less than 2–4% of the total dry weight of the
dermis.
• Reticular dermis : fibres consists of
horizontally oriented fibres which
interconnect to provide a network structure.
FUNCTIONS
• Extensibility
• Elasticity
• Resilience
CONVENTIONAL MICROSCOPY
• Oxytalan fibres
• Elaunin fibres
• Elastic fibres
OXYTALAN FIBRES
• More superficial
• Thin & oriented perpendicular to dermo
epidermal junction
• Ultrastructurally : composed of bundles of
tubular microfibrils
• 11 nm in diameter
ELAUNIN FIBRES
• Thin fibres which form a plexus within
papillary dermis parallel to dermo –
epidermal junction
• Spherules of elaunin that punctate this
plexus are called elastic globes.
• These are connected to elastic fibres of
reticular dermis that are alligned parallel to
skin surface
LASER SCAN MICROSCOPY
ELASTIN
• Initially synthesized as precursor
polypeptide : tropoelastin
• Consists of approximately 700 aminoacids
with molecular mass of 700 kDa
• It is one of the component of reticular
dermis
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
• An amorphous electroluscent core
• Microfibrils - electron dense fibrils of insoluble
glycoprotein complexes
• 11nm diameter
BIO CHEMICALLY
• Elastin consists of linear ,polypeptide
tropoelastin subunits whose m.wt
72,000daltons
• rich in valine, proline & alanine
• It does not contains hydroxylysine or
covalently linked sugar residues & 1% of it
is composed of hydroxyproline
Amino Acids in Elastin
• Composed of amino acids.
• Valine, Glycine, Alanine and Proline.
BIO SYNTHESIS
• Biosynthesis of fibres by fibrocytes :
• 1.microfibrils of elastic fibres secreted in form of
grouped linear arrays in long cylindrical infolding of
cell surface,where polymerization occurs.
• 2. newly synthesized ,soluble,tropoelastin polypeptides
are secreted by fibrocytes into the pre-formed cylinder
of microfibrils
• By means of complex process that involves enzyme
lysyl oxidase polypeptides are linked by formation of
cross links : desmosines or isodesmosines
Elastic fibres
Four lysine chains can be combined to
form a desmosine cross-link
CYTOKINE & HORMONAL REGULATION
• Inflammatory mediators modulate elastin
gene expression
• They play a role in diseaes charecterized by
accumulation of elastic fibres in tissues
• Vitamin D3 modulates gene expression
• Incubation of fibroblast with vit D3 results in
80-90% decrease in total distribution of
tropoelastin
• Insulin like growth factor enhances gene
expression
IMAGE OF ELASTIC FIBRES
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
• Lungs
• Elastic ligaments
• Skin
• Bladder
• Elastic cartilage
• Blood vessels
• Elastic fibres absent in : scars
: keloid
: dermatofibromas
• Decreased or absent in anetoderma
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
• Marfan syndrome
• Emphysema caused by alpha -1 anti trypsin
deficiency
• Atherosclerosis
• Menkes syndrome
• Pseudo xanthoma elasticum
• Williams syndrome
THANK YOU

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Elastic fibres

  • 2. ELASTIC FIBRES • Integral component of dermal connective tissue • It provides resilience & elasticity to the skin • These are relatively minor component in normal sun- protected adult skin • less than 2–4% of the total dry weight of the dermis. • Reticular dermis : fibres consists of horizontally oriented fibres which interconnect to provide a network structure.
  • 4. CONVENTIONAL MICROSCOPY • Oxytalan fibres • Elaunin fibres • Elastic fibres
  • 5. OXYTALAN FIBRES • More superficial • Thin & oriented perpendicular to dermo epidermal junction • Ultrastructurally : composed of bundles of tubular microfibrils • 11 nm in diameter
  • 6. ELAUNIN FIBRES • Thin fibres which form a plexus within papillary dermis parallel to dermo – epidermal junction • Spherules of elaunin that punctate this plexus are called elastic globes. • These are connected to elastic fibres of reticular dermis that are alligned parallel to skin surface
  • 8. ELASTIN • Initially synthesized as precursor polypeptide : tropoelastin • Consists of approximately 700 aminoacids with molecular mass of 700 kDa • It is one of the component of reticular dermis
  • 9. ELECTRON MICROSCOPY • An amorphous electroluscent core • Microfibrils - electron dense fibrils of insoluble glycoprotein complexes • 11nm diameter
  • 10. BIO CHEMICALLY • Elastin consists of linear ,polypeptide tropoelastin subunits whose m.wt 72,000daltons • rich in valine, proline & alanine • It does not contains hydroxylysine or covalently linked sugar residues & 1% of it is composed of hydroxyproline
  • 11. Amino Acids in Elastin • Composed of amino acids. • Valine, Glycine, Alanine and Proline.
  • 12. BIO SYNTHESIS • Biosynthesis of fibres by fibrocytes : • 1.microfibrils of elastic fibres secreted in form of grouped linear arrays in long cylindrical infolding of cell surface,where polymerization occurs. • 2. newly synthesized ,soluble,tropoelastin polypeptides are secreted by fibrocytes into the pre-formed cylinder of microfibrils • By means of complex process that involves enzyme lysyl oxidase polypeptides are linked by formation of cross links : desmosines or isodesmosines
  • 14. Four lysine chains can be combined to form a desmosine cross-link
  • 15. CYTOKINE & HORMONAL REGULATION • Inflammatory mediators modulate elastin gene expression • They play a role in diseaes charecterized by accumulation of elastic fibres in tissues • Vitamin D3 modulates gene expression • Incubation of fibroblast with vit D3 results in 80-90% decrease in total distribution of tropoelastin • Insulin like growth factor enhances gene expression
  • 17. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION • Lungs • Elastic ligaments • Skin • Bladder • Elastic cartilage • Blood vessels
  • 18. • Elastic fibres absent in : scars : keloid : dermatofibromas • Decreased or absent in anetoderma
  • 19. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE • Marfan syndrome • Emphysema caused by alpha -1 anti trypsin deficiency • Atherosclerosis • Menkes syndrome • Pseudo xanthoma elasticum • Williams syndrome