Basics of computer for beginners like, Central Processing Unit Brain of computer Microprocessor Consist of transistors, which receives inputs and produces output

1. WORKING OF COMPUTER

3. What is CPU
- Central Processing Unit
- Brain of computer
- Microprocessor
- Consist of transistors, which receives inputs and
produces output

5. Components of CPU
1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
a. Arithmetic Unit (AU)
b. Logical Unit (LU)
2. Control Unit (CU)
3. Memory

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What is ALU? Performs arithmetic and logical
operations.
Shifting operations and logical
instructions.
ALU includes a group of register-high
speed memory locations built directly
into the CPU that holds the data
currently being processed which is
known as Accumulator. ALU also perform operation
like increment, decrement
etc.

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Control Unit CU directs the moment of electronic signals
between main memory and ALU.
It lets the computer's logic unit, memory, as
well as both input and output devices know
how to respond to instructions received
from a program.
It provides the necessary timing and control
signals to all the operations in the
computer.

8. What is Memory?
● Physical device capable of storing information temporarily
or permanently.
● Data to be processed and Instructions required for
processing are stored.
Types of Memories -
● Cache Memory
● Primary Memory (Main Memory)
● Secondary Memory

9. Cache Memory -
● Very high speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU.
● It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory.
What is Buffer?
- A temporary holding area for data while it's waiting to be transferred to another
location.
● Advantages: - Faster than main memory.
- Less access time as compared to main memory.
● Disadvantages: - 1.limited Capacity 2. Very Expensive

10. Primary Memory (main memory)
● Holds only those data and instructions.
● Limited capacity.
● data is lost when power is switched off.
● The data and instruction required to be processed resides in the main
memory.
- Types of Primary Memory: - 1. RAM 2. Rom
● RAM (Random Access Memory) -
○ Store the programs and data.
○ Data can be read, written, and erased any number of times.
○ Volatile memory

11. ➢ ROM (Read Only Memory) -
○ Non-Volatile
○ Can only read but cannot write on it.
○ Information is stored permanently.
○ Stores instructions that are required to start a computer.
○ Static and do not require refreshing.
➢ Characteristics of Main Memory -
○ Volatile memory.
○ Data is lost in case power is switched off.
○ Working memory of the computer.
○ A computer cannot run without the primary memory.

12. Secondary Memory
● External memory.
● Non-volatile.
● Slower than the main memory.
● Used for storing data/information permanently.
● Not directly accessible by CPU.

13. What is Clock Cycle?
● Speed of a computer processor, or CPU.
● The amount of time between two pulses of an oscillator.
● The higher number of pulses per second, the faster the computer
processor will be able to process information.
● The clock speed is measured in Hz.
● Computer processors can execute one or more instructions per
clock cycle.
● For example, a 4GHz processor performs 4,000,000,000 clock
cycles per second.}/.,m

14. SMPS
● Switched-Mode Power Supply
● Offer a greater power conversion and reduce the overall power
loss.
● Convert the AC current to DC and then supply it to the
motherboard.
● Regulate and provide reliable output irrespective of variation in
input voltage.

15. Thank You