2. INTRODUCTION
In this project we present hybrid energy generation
which will soon be the indispensable source of energy in
the coming years.
We are taking two basic sources of energy solar and wind
energy.
The output of solar and wind energy is DC voltage
which is converted to AC using inverter
Other two sources of energy which we have used in this
project are piezoelectricty and dynamo breaker.
Innovative use of these energies has been explained later
3. IDEA BEHIND THE PROJECT
Current status of energy resources inflame us to search
for the other ways of energy which are cheap as well
readily available.
Our non renewable sources are on the verge of extinction
and the way in which humans are using them it clears the
picture that these resources will last for few years only.
Other sources of energy such as wind ,solar, tidal etc
have limitations which restricts their usage.
For example during rainy season you cannot use solar
energy , so to pervade these limitations we have to
concentrate on other phenomenons.
4. ENERGY SOURCES
Solar energy from sun.
Wind energy from air current on earth.
Piezo-electricity from mechanical stress.
Breaker dynamo from generator concept.
5. WHAT IS HYBRID ENERGY
GENERATION?
Generation by one or more source of energy.
This incorporates several electric energy generating
components.
The term 'hybrid' describes a combined power and
energy storage system.
6. SOLAR ENERGY
• Energy present in radiation of sun, these are the sun rays
reaching the earth surface.
• Radiation consist photon known as 'energy packet'.
• The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy
that reaches the Earth. Only this much amount is usable.
These photon when strike on any material, it pass on its
energy to the electron.
Excited electron moves in material.
Movement of electrons generate electricity or heat.
7. SOLAR ENERGY POWER
GENERATION
Solar Energy harnessed using photovoltaic cells.
Photovoltaic cells are capable of directly converting sunlight
into electricity.
A simple wafer of silicon with wires attached to the layers.
Current is produced based on types of silicon (n- and p-types)
used for they layers.
8. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
It consists of 3 basic components:-
• PV cells - Electricity is generated by PV cells, the
smallest unit of a PV system.
• Modules - PV cells are wired together to form modules
which are usually a sealed, or encapsulated.
• Arrays – Groups of panels make up an array.
9. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:-
1. Unlimited and free source of energy.
2. Easy in maintenance.
3. Sustainable for long duration.
Disadvantages:-
1. Not a continuous source.
2. Depend on area of installation.
10. APPLICATION AND
ADVANCEMENT
Water pumping installations systems of automatic
irrigation.
Radio/television relay stations.
Lighting of streets.
For refrigeration.
Advancement:-
Fully transparent solar panel developed recently which use
even in home windows.
11. WIND ENERGY
Form of solar energy.
Wind flow due to pressure difference on earth and its
rotation.
Can be use for electrical and mechanical power.
12. WIND ENERGY POWER
GENERATION
Generated by wind turbine (vertical or horizontal axis) or
sail.
Convert kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy
through wind turbine.
Generator convert mechanical energy into electrical.
Depends on wind direction and speed.
14. Flow of wind rotate the blades and shaft.
Gearbox makes movement more efficient.
This rotate generator rotor as a result
electrical power generated.
D.C generator or alternator use for this
purpose.
15. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:-
1. Easily available
2. No gases or pollutant produce.
3. Less area required for installation.
Disadvantages:-
1. Not always produce constant electricity.
2. Very costly for individual purpose.
3. Moving parts required frequent manitenance
16. APPLICATIONS AND
ADVANCEMENT
Applications:-
1. For producing electricity which store as backup.
2. For off- grid lighting.
3. For sailing purpose.
Advancement:-
A new design of wind turbine with 'no blades' has been
develop. Connected with hydraulic motor or generator.
17. PIEZO-ELECTRICITY
Conversion of mechanical stress into electricity through
some specific material.
Occurs in polycrystalline materials like Quartz, lead-
zirconate-titanate, Rochelle salt etc.
Generate A.C voltage as output.
18. PIEZO-ELECTRICITY GENERTION
Electricity is generated by
piezo-electric transducer.
A crystal sandwiched
between two metal plates.
A pressure on plates
produce vibration in crystal,
generate low AC voltage
signal.
19. PIEZO-ELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
Transform mechanical pressure applied into voltage as
output
Gives high output when piezoelectric material deforms
initially.
Output voltage increase with applied stress.
crystal of Quartz and topaz are naturally available with
this property.
Ceramic lead zirconate titanate is man-made
20. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:-
1. Direct energy conversion.
2. Environment friendly.
3. Small in size and weather resistant.
Disadvantages:-
1. Produce voltage just for an instant.
2. Require continuous pressure for voltage generation.
21. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCEMENTS
Applications:-
1. In digital weighing machine.
2. As sensor and actuators.
3. In breaker system for producing electricity.
Advancements:-
it can be employed at metro gates ,pedestrian at crowded
areas such as markets, malls etc.
Recently world's thinnest piezo-electric transducer is
constructed, have a thickness of one atomic layer.atomic
layer.
22. WHAT IS DYNAMO?
Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Its an electrical generator which produce direct current.
Rotor coil rotate mechanically inside a magnetic field.
Commutor use to collect D.C.
23. WHAT IS DYNAMO BREAKER?
A roller attach with the shaft of
dynamo.
Roller use as breaker on the
road.
Movement of vehicles rotate the
breaker and so the dynamo
shaft.
Produces electricity.
Can use DC motor with gear
chain arrangement or stepper
motor.
24. STEPPER MOTOR AS
GENERATOR
• No brushes so there is high voltage for low rpm.
• Consist multi pole permanent magnet rotor and two
windings.
• Turning rotor generate AC in each winding.
• Bridge rectifier use to turn AC to DC
• Rotation of shaft does not affect output polarity.
25. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Advantages:-
1. Used as almost renewable resource.
2. Provide road safety as well.
3. Very effective the cities where the traffic density is high .
Disadvantages:-
1. Large no. of motors will be required which can be costly.
2. Cost of installation is high.
3. Affected by weather.
26. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCEMENT
Applications:-
1. At busy roads.
2. At multilevel parking.
3. For lighting street lights combining with other sources.
Advancement:-
Use of stepper motor in place of DC motor is more
beneficial. For road installation we have used NEMA
stepper motor which fulfill the purpose.
27. 1. Power generated by all the four sources.
2. Rectifying circuit used to convert AC to DC.
3. After that rectified output will store in the battery.
4. Battery output gives input to the opto-coupler.
5. Opto-coupler which is used for isolation.
6. Now we have buffer circuit where logic to yield priority
will be decided.
7. Digital Phase selector which forward maximum input
pin to the output.
8. Now, at the end maximum output power will drive load.
WORKING OF OUR PROJECT
29. COMPONENTS
Opto-coupler :- For isolation
IC 4081
IC 4049
ULN 2003:- DIGITAL phase selection
IC 555 timer:- For increasing pulse width
30. FUTURE SCOPE
As the power demands are increasing rapidly due to
increase in population so we have to face the scarcity of
the resources
We are trying to harness energies from small and readily
available sources
Our project in the coming time will be more developed
as researches are going
Hybrid energy is the future energy source for the coming
generation
31. CONCLUSION
It is an non conventional type, of producing the energy.
The existing source of energy such as coal, oil etc may
not be adequate to meet the ever increasing energy
demands.
Consequently sincere and untiring efforts shall have to
be made by engineers in exploring the possibilities of
harnessing energy from several non-conventional energy
sources.
This project is a one step to path of that way. The overall
goal was to design power generation system which in
one way or the other provide the supply which is cheap
and readily available.
32. REFERENCES
1. Dr Anders Brandt & MSc Johan Granlund, Swedish
Road Administration (2008). "Bus Drivers’ Exposure to
Mechanical Shocks Due To Speed Bumps". Society for
Experimental Mechanics, IMAC XXVI Conference and
Exposition on Structural Dynamics.
2. www.engineers.com
3. www.scribd.com
4. www.youtube.com
5. www.electriccircuit.com
