Indian remote sensing satellites

1. INDIAN REMOTE SENSING
SATELLITES

2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Principal components of satellite
Resolution
Orbit
Indian Remote Sensing Satellites
Applications
Conclusion
References

3. Introduction
Satellite: an object which has been placed into orbit
by human endeavour. Also known as artificial satellite
Remote sensing : the acquisition of information about
an object or phenomenon, without making physical
contact with the object.
Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of
Earth Observation satellites, built, launched and
maintained by Indian Space Research Organisation

4. Principal components of
satellite
Transponder and antenna system
Power Package
Control and information system & rocket
thruster system

5. Resolution
•There are 3 types of resolutions are present
•Spatial resolution: describes the distance between
distinguishable patterns or objects in an image that can be
separated from each other and is often expressed in meters.
•Spectral resolution: the sensitivity of a sensor to respond
to a specific frequency range (mostly for satellite and
airborne sensors). The frequency ranges covered often
include not only visible light but also non-visible light and
electromagnetic radiation..
•Radiometric resolution: the ability of the sensor to
measure the signal strength (acoustic reflectance) or
brightness of objects. The more sensitive a sensor is to the
reflectance of an object as compared to its surroundings,
the
smaller an object that can be detected and identified.

6. 1km
360 m
188 m
72 m 36 m
23 m
5.8 m
1 m
1 km to 1 m spatial resolution
22 days to every 30 mts repeativity
1 million scale to cadastral level
INDIAN IMAGING CAPABILITY

7. Orbit
Geostationary orbit: If a satellite follows an orbit parallel to the
equator in the same direction as the earth's rotation and with the
same period of 24 hours, the satellite will appear stationary with
respect to the earth surface.
Sun synchronous orbit: is a near polar orbit whose altitude is
such that the satellite will always pass over a location at a given
latitude at the same local solar time respect to the earth surface.

8. Launching vehicles
The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle usually known
by its abbreviation, GSLV operated by the Indian Space
Research Organization(ISRO). It was developed to enable India
to launch INSAT-type satellites into geostationary orbit and to
make India less dependent on foreign rockets.
The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle commonly known by its
abbreviation PSLV, developed and operated by the Indian
Space Research Organization (ISRO). It was developed to allow
India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into
sun synchronous orbits

9. IRS-1A SATELLITE
• This is first indigenously built sun-synchronous polar orbiting
satellite.
• Orbit Details
• Launch date : March 17, 1988
(Soviet Launcher VOSTAK used)
• Altitude : 904 Kms.
• Inclination : 99.049 degrees
• Period : 103.19266 minutes
• Repetivity : 22 days
• Equatorial crossong time : 10.25 AM descending
• Weight : 975 Kg.
• Mission completed.

10. IRS-1B SATELLITE
• IRS-1B Satellite
• This is similar to IRS-1A satellite in all aspects.
• Orbit Details
• Launch date : August 29, 1991
(Soviet Launcher VOSTAK used)
• Altitude : 904 Kms.
• Inclination : 99.049 degrees
• Period : 103.19266 minutes
• Repetivity : 22 days
• Equatorial crossong time : 10.25 AM descending
• Weight : 975 Kg.
• Imaging Sensor Characteristics ( LISS-I and LISS-II Cameras)
• Mission completed.

11. IRS-P1
• IRS-P1 Satellite (Indigenously Launched (P)
Series)
• Launch date:20 September 1993
• IRS-P series are being launched by
indigenously developed polar launch vehicle
( PSLV ). Due to failure in last stage of rocket,
satellite and rocket were plunged into sea.

12. IRS-P2 Satellite
• Orbit Details
• Launch date : Oct. 15, 1994
• Altitude : 817 Kms.
• Repetivity : 24 days
• Imaging Sensor Characteristics ( LISS-II Camera )
• The Satellite is having only LISS-II Camera and its
parameters are similar to that IRS-1A/1B with small
modifications in arrangement of CCDs.
• Mission completed.

13. IRS-1C SATELLITE
• Launch date:28 Dec 1995
• Altitude : 817 Kms.
• Inclination : 99.049 degree
• Period : 101.35 minutes
• Repetivity : 24 days (5 days - revisit)
• No. of Sensors : Three; 1) PAN,
2) LISS-III and 3) WiFS
• Panchromatic Camera (PAN)
• Mission completed.

14. IRS-P3 SATELLITE
• Orbit Details
• Launch date : March 21, 1996
(Indigenous PSLV-D3 rocket is used)
• Altitude : 817 km.
• Inclination : 99.049 degrees
• Period : minutes
• Repetivity : days
• Equatorial crossong time : 10.30 AM descending
• No. of Sensors : Two 1) WiFs, 2) MOS
Wide Field Sensor (WiFS)
• Parameters Specifications :Spectral Bands (microns) B3 0.62 -
0.68
• Mission completed.

15. IRS-1D SATELLITE
• Satellite entered in elliptical orbits instead of circular after it
was separated from rocket. Due to this problem, there is
change in swath, resolution according to orbit distance from
the earth center.
• Launch date : Sept. 29, 1997 (indigenous PSLV-D4 rocket was
used)
• Equatorial Crossing time: 10.40 A.M
• Altitude : 737 Km(Perigee)/821 Km. (Apogee)
• Repetivity : 24 days; ( 3 days revisit)
• No. of Sensors : Three; 1) PAN, 2) LISS-III
and 3) WiFS
• In service

16. IRS-P4 (Oceansat-1)
• Launch Date : May 26, 1999 by indigenous
PSLV rocket Payloads
• OCM (Ocean Colour Monitor) with 8 spectral
bands
for the measurements of physical and
biological oceanographic parameters.
• In service.

17. TECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENT
SATELLITE(TES)
• Mission type: Earth Observation.
• Launch date:October 22, 2001
• Launch vehicle: PSLV
• Carrier rocket: PSLV C3
• Launch site: Satish Dhawan
• Altitude: 568 km
• In service.

18. IRS-P6(ResourceSat)
• Launch Date : Launched on Oct. 17, 2003 PSLV-C5 Payloads
• It will be the state-of-art satellite,
• have 3 band multispectral LISS-IV camera with a spatial
resolution better than 5.86 m and a swath of around 25 km
with across track steerability for selected area monitoring.
• An improved version LISS-III with 4 bands (red, green, near IR
and SWIR ), all at 23 m resolution and 140 km swath will
provide the much essential continuity to LISS-III.
• Together with an advanced Wide Field Sensor (WiFS), with 80
m resolution and 1400 km swath.
• In service.

19. IRS-P5 (CARTOSAT - 1 )
• Launch Date : May 5, 2005 by indigenous PSLV rocket
• It has carried two state-of-the-art Panchromatic (PAN)
cameras with 2.5 m resolution with fore-aft stereo capability.
• The swath covered by these high resolution PAN cameras is
30 km.
• . The satellite will provide cadastral level information upto
1:5000 scale and will be useful for making 2-5 m contour
maps.
• The Cartosat-1 also carried a solid state recorder with a
capacity of 120 Gigz Bits to store the images taken by its
cameras.
• Mission completed.

20. IRS-P7 (CARTOSAT -2)
• Launch Date : Jan 10, 2007 by indigenous PSLV-C7 rocket
• It carried a single Panchromatic (PAN) camera with 1 m resolution.
• The swath covered by the high resolution PAN camera is 9.6 km.
• The satellite will have high agility with capability to steer along
and across the track up to 45 degrees.
• It was placed in a sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of
635 km.
• It has a revisit period of 4 days, which can be improved to one day
with suitable orbit maneuvers.
• In service

21. CARTOSAT-2A
• Mission type: Earth observationSatellite of Earth
• Launch date:28 April 2008, 03:53GMT
• Carrier rocket:PSLV-C9
• Launch site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre
• Mission duration:5 years
• Orbital period: 97.4 minutes
• Repeat interval: 4 days
• Swath width: About 9.6 kilometre
• Instruments: Main instrumentsOne panchromatic camera
• Spatial resolution:Less than 1 metre
• Spectral band:0.5 – 0.85 micrometre.

22. I.M.S 1
• Mission type: Earth observation
• Satellite ofEarthLaunch date: 28 April 2008
• Carrier rocket: PSLV-C9
• Launch site: SLP, Satish Dhawan Space Centre
• Orbital period: ~90 minutes (estimated)
• Swath width: MS 151, HS 130 Km
• Instruments: Main instrumentsTwo cameras, Multi-
Spectral, Hyper-Spectral.
• In service.

23. OCEANSAT-2
• Mission type: Oceanography
• Launch date: 23 September 2009
• Carrier rocket: PSLV-C14
• Launch site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre
• Period: 99.31 minutes.
• In service.

24. CARTOSAT-2B
• Mission type : Earth observation.
• Launch date: 12 July 2010
• Carrier rocket : PSLV-CA (C15)
• Launch site: Satish Dhawan FLP
• Mission duration: 5 years
• Orbital period: 97.4 minutes
• Repeat interval: 4 days
• Swath width: About 9.6 kilometers
• Instruments Main instruments: One panchromatic camera
• Spatial resolution: Less than 1 metre
• Spectral band: 0.5 – 0.85 micrometre.

25. Resourcesat-2
Orbit: Circular Polar Sun Synchronous
Orbit Inclination : 98.731º + 0.2º
Orbit Period : 101.35 min
Number of Orbits per day : 14
Local Time of Equator crossing : 10:30 am
Repeativity : 24 days
Launch date : April 20, 2011
Launch site: Sriharikota India
Launch vehicle : PSLV- C16
Mission life : 5 years

26. Application
Preharvest crop area and production estimation of major crops.
Drought monitoring and assessment based on vegetation condition.
Flood risk zone mapping and flood damage assessment.
Hydro-geomorphological maps for locating underground water
resources for drilling well.
Irrigation command area status monitoring
Snow-melt run-off estimates for planning water use in down stream
projects
Land use and land cover mapping
Urban planning
Forest survey
Wetland mapping
Environmental impact analysis
Mineral Prospecting
Coastal studies

27. CONCLUSION
Satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human
endeavour. Also known as artificial satellite.
Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a series of Earth
Observation satellites, built, launched and maintained by Indian
Space Research Organisation.
ISRO already launched so many earth observation satellites, in
future it plans for widening of applications such as
RESOURCESAT-3, CARTOSAT-3, OCEANSAT-3.
These satellites provides lots of benefits like forest survey,
mineral
prospecting, mapping, coastal studies.

28. REFERENCES
►2008, B Bhatta, Remote Sensing and GIS, Oxford
Publications, pp:120-136
►en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Remote_Sensing
►www.isro.org
►www.pecad.fas.usda.gov