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Name:T.Ponkumaran. 
Class:7th 
Subject:science 
Topic:Different types of soil and 
its water absorbtion
Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic 
matter, gases, liquids and a myriad of 
organisms that can support plant life
1.Red soil 
2.Black soil 
3.Alluvial soil 
4.Sandy soil 
5.Clay soil
Red soils have two broad classes: 
a) Red loam with cloddy structure and 
allow content of concretionary 
materials; and 
b) Red earths with loose, Permeable 
top soil and a high content of 
secondary concretions. Generally these 
soils are light textured with porous 
and friable structure and there is 
absence of lime Kankar and free 
carbonates. They have neutral to acidic 
reaction and are deficient in nitrogen 
humus, phosphoric acid and lime.
3) Black soils 
These are mostly clay soils and form deep cracks 
during dry season. An accumulation of lime is 
generally noticed of varying depths. They are 
popularly known as “Black cotton soils” because 
of their dark brown colour and suitability for 
growing cotton. These are also known as Indian 
regurs.These soils are deficient in nitrogen, 
phosphoric acid and organic matter but rich in 
calcium, potash and magnesium.
4) Alluvial soils 
These soils occur along rivers and represent 
the soil materials that have been deposited 
by the rivers during flood. Usually they are 
very productive soils but many are deficient 
in nitrogen, humus and phosphorus.
These are mostly sandy soils that occur in 
the low rainfall track. They are well 
supplied with soluble salts but are low in 
nitrogen and organic matter and have a 
high pH value. These are quite productive. 
These are often subjected to wind erosion.
Clay is a fine-grained soil that combines one or 
more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and 
organic matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly 
composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable 
amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure. Clays 
are distinguished from other fine-grained soils by 
differences in size and mineralogy. Silts, which are fine-grained 
soils that do not include clay minerals, tend to 
have larger particle sizes than clays. There is, however 
some overlap in particle size and other physical 
properties, and many naturally occurring deposits 
include both silts and clay.
Plants get water from the soil where they 
grow in. If the soil can hold water, plants 
will grow well. But, if the soil is not able to 
retain, plants will either die or will need 
frequent watering. 
Ability of soil to hold water depends on the 
following two factors:
The amount of water absorbed by a 
particular type of soil is called its water 
water aborption tenency. Higher is the 
water absorption tendency, higher is the 
number of plans.
The time duration for which water is 
retained in the soil is called the water 
rentention tendency. Both these factors are 
important for plants to absorb water from 
soil.
types of soil and water absorption

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types of soil and water absorption

  • 1.
  • 2. Name:T.Ponkumaran. Class:7th Subject:science Topic:Different types of soil and its water absorbtion
  • 3.
  • 4. Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids and a myriad of organisms that can support plant life
  • 5. 1.Red soil 2.Black soil 3.Alluvial soil 4.Sandy soil 5.Clay soil
  • 6.
  • 7. Red soils have two broad classes: a) Red loam with cloddy structure and allow content of concretionary materials; and b) Red earths with loose, Permeable top soil and a high content of secondary concretions. Generally these soils are light textured with porous and friable structure and there is absence of lime Kankar and free carbonates. They have neutral to acidic reaction and are deficient in nitrogen humus, phosphoric acid and lime.
  • 8.
  • 9. 3) Black soils These are mostly clay soils and form deep cracks during dry season. An accumulation of lime is generally noticed of varying depths. They are popularly known as “Black cotton soils” because of their dark brown colour and suitability for growing cotton. These are also known as Indian regurs.These soils are deficient in nitrogen, phosphoric acid and organic matter but rich in calcium, potash and magnesium.
  • 10.
  • 11. 4) Alluvial soils These soils occur along rivers and represent the soil materials that have been deposited by the rivers during flood. Usually they are very productive soils but many are deficient in nitrogen, humus and phosphorus.
  • 12.
  • 13. These are mostly sandy soils that occur in the low rainfall track. They are well supplied with soluble salts but are low in nitrogen and organic matter and have a high pH value. These are quite productive. These are often subjected to wind erosion.
  • 14.
  • 15. Clay is a fine-grained soil that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure. Clays are distinguished from other fine-grained soils by differences in size and mineralogy. Silts, which are fine-grained soils that do not include clay minerals, tend to have larger particle sizes than clays. There is, however some overlap in particle size and other physical properties, and many naturally occurring deposits include both silts and clay.
  • 16. Plants get water from the soil where they grow in. If the soil can hold water, plants will grow well. But, if the soil is not able to retain, plants will either die or will need frequent watering. Ability of soil to hold water depends on the following two factors:
  • 17. The amount of water absorbed by a particular type of soil is called its water water aborption tenency. Higher is the water absorption tendency, higher is the number of plans.
  • 18. The time duration for which water is retained in the soil is called the water rentention tendency. Both these factors are important for plants to absorb water from soil.