This document discusses various ways to reduce the environmental footprint of road transportation. It presents four main approaches: using less energy, increasing transport efficiency, using alternative energy sources, and increasing mobility. For each approach, it outlines specific strategies and provides examples. It also summarizes several studies and frameworks for analyzing factors that influence transportation efficiency and load factor. These include a framework for analyzing packaging, loading and booking efficiencies, and a framework for configuring biomass-to-energy supply chains that involves assessing feedstock, production and distribution options.

1. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Lo que el viento se llevo /
Gone with the wind by J.
Carlos Fernández on Flickr
Chasing the last mile
The transportation industry and their approach to energy
Per Olof Arnäs
Technology management and economics
Logistics and transportation
@Dr_PO, per-olof.arnas@chalmers.se
CC-BY Joakim Jardenberg

2. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
4 ways to reduce the environmental
footprint from road transport
CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
The Bamboo Forest and some great Twitter
Lists to follow by Trey Ratcliff on Flickr

3. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
One important assumption:
The transportation demand is
given
Bound by Connor Tarter on Flickr

4. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
4 ways to reduce the environmental
footprint from road transport
CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
The Bamboo Forest and some great Twitter
Lists to follow by Trey Ratcliff on Flickr

5. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
4 ways to reduce the environmental
footprint from road transport
Use less energy Increase transport efficiency
Use alternative energy sources Increase mobility
CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Barrels: domdeen / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
HotWheels - Semi Fast 2 by Leap Kye on Flickr Everything by Jeremy Brooks on Flickr
"When speed gets in the blood..." by Jerrycharlotte on Flickr
The Bamboo Forest
and some great
Twitter Lists to follow
by Trey Ratcliff on
Flickr

6. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Use less energy
Driver behaviour Powertrain technology
Footprinting Vehicle design
CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS HotWheels - Semi Fast 2 by Leap Kye on Flickr
The Red Stone by crises_crs on FlickrDog-License by Shine20 on Flickr
...and 100! by MarcelGermain on Flickr BEE green rendering by loriZ on Flickr

7. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Use alternative energy sources
Powertrain technology Fuel availability
Fuel cost Environmental gain?
CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS Barrels: domdeen / FreeDigitalPhotos.net
Gas Station by Jose Carlos Norte on Flickr
See-Oh-Too by Ricardo Wang on Flickr
The Red Stone by crises_crs on Flickr
Making Fun of Gas Prices by AgentAkit on Flickr

8. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Increase mobility
Reduce congestion ITS
Traffic management Facilitate consolidation
CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
"When speed gets in the
blood, one must drive to
live. Everything one does in
life, even love, occurs in an
express train racing
toward death." by
Jerrycharlotte on Flickr
Change Priorities by Christine on Flickr professional smilers by Erich Ferdinand on Flickr
ITS: ETSIglommer.net

9. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Increase transport efficiency
Vehicle utilization Useful transport work
Transport management Choice of transport mode
CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS Everything by Jeremy Brooks on Flickr
tcmag.com
History Surrounded by Evan Leeson on FlickrMap: DPS
2 x 3 kg by P.O. Arnäs on Flickr

10. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Joakim Kalantari
Vendela Santén
Kristina Liljestrand
Martin Svanberg
Tree Quadtych by Pete Ashton on Flickr

11. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Joakim Kalantari
joakim.kalantari@sspa.se
Foliated transportation networks

12. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
KPI FTN potential
Average Fill rate +13.7% ± 0.23
Number of trucks -9.6% ± 0.41
Transport work +2.6% ± 0.45
Traffic work -13.6% ± 0.44
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Share&of&maximum&improvement&
share&of&goods&subjected&to&foliated&control&
∆%Fill%rate%
∆%Traffic%work%
∆%No.%Trucks%
Joakim Kalantari
joakim.kalantari@sspa.se
Results and conclusions

13. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
The transport portfolio framework is a decision support for
shippers to reduce the carbon footprint, linking logistics
decision-making to environmental output, by applying a
portfolio model
Kristina Liljestrand
kristina.liljestrand@chalmers.se
Results from an ongoing study in
the food industry
What can the transport buyer
do to affect load factor?
The Transport Portfolio framework
Green Leaf of a Bio Plant in Nature by epSos.de on Flickr

14. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
22 571’ pallets-km
Performance: 75 %
Potential: 7 249’
pallets-km
55 694’ pallets-km
Performance 86 %
Potential: 9 317’
pallets-km
37 469’ ton-km
Performance 93 %
Potential: 2 221’
pallets-km
210 992’ pallets-km
Performance 98 %
Potential: 4698’ pallets-
km
Small LargeChilled&
FrozenAmbient
Shipment sizeTemperatureregime
Two variables are more important in this case:
Shipment size and Temperature regime
Shows how the transport buyer
affects load factor
Kristina Liljestrand
kristina.liljestrand@chalmers.se
Example of a Transport Portfolio for load factor
Green Leaf of a Bio Plant in Nature by epSos.de on Flickr

15. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Load factor
[order rows / booked load
meter]
Packaging efficiency
[order rows / load unit]
Loading efficiency
[load unit / used load meter]
Booking efficiency
[used load meter / booked load meter]
= x x
Vendela Santén
vendela.santen@chalmers.se
Recent study of a transport buying company:
Load factor framework
Packaging efficiency
Loading efficiency
Booking efficiency
[order rows / load unit]
[load unit / used load
meter]
[used load meter /
booked load meter]
Product
characteristics
Order variation
Lead time
(time between order and delivery)
Logistics variable Load factor indicator Indicator measure

16. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Vendela Santén
vendela.santen@chalmers.se
Important to see the potential
in each indicator, while also
looking at the whole
The framework is linking
three levels of load factor
indicators to each other
Packaging
Loading
Booking
The booked load meters
can be used even more
efficiently
Challenges still exist in product
characteristics and order variation
Changes in lead time can improve
planning possibilities and even out
the flow between days

17. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Torrefaction in Biomass-to-
Energy supply chains Martin Svanberg
martin.svanberg@chalmers.se
Feedstock Torrefaction
process
New
material
High bulk volume Low bulk volume
Low energy content High energy content
Expensive to grind into powder Cheap to grind into powder
Non feedable Feedable
Sensitive to moisture uptake Hydrophobic
Non homogenous Homogenous
Subject to degradation Non degradable

18. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Many possible supply chains -
many choices... Martin Svanberg
martin.svanberg@chalmers.se
Stem wood
By-products
Residues
Coal fired
powerplant
Conventional
power-plant
Households
Choice of
feedstock
Choice of
supply
system
Choice of
production
(torrefaction)
Choice of
distribution
Customers
Location?
Size?
Strategy
(quality vs cost)?
Vehicle
type?
Storage
type?
Location?
Quality?
Cost?
Vehicletype?
Network
type?

19. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Many possible supply chains -
many choices...
Stem wood
By-products
Residues
Coal fired
powerplant
Conventional
power-plant
Households
Choice of
feedstock
Choice of
supply
system
Choice of
production
(torrefaction)
Choice of
distribution
Customers
Martin Svanberg
martin.svanberg@chalmers.se
Location?
Size?
Strategy
(quality vs cost)?
Vehicle
type?
Storage
type?
Location?
Quality?
Cost?
Vehicletype?
Network
type?
• Identification of supply chain characteristics
• A framework for supply chain configuration
for a new process technology
• Identification and quantification of important
parameters affecting (1) total cost (2) size of
torrefaction plant and (3) location of
torrefaction plants.

20. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Joakim Kalantari
joakim.kalantari@sspa.se
Vendela Santén
vendela.santen@chalmers.se
Kristina Liljestrand
kristina.liljestrand@chalmers.se
Martin Svanberg
martin.svanberg@chalmers.se
Tree Quadtych by Pete Ashton on Flickr

21. CC-BY PER OLOF ARNÄS
Joakim Kalantari
joakim.kalantari@sspa.se
Vendela Santén
vendela.santen@chalmers.se
Kristina Liljestrand
kristina.liljestrand@chalmers.se
Martin Svanberg
martin.svanberg@chalmers.se
Tree Quadtych by Pete Ashton on Flickr
Thank you!