Connectors are used to join ideas and statements by indicating their relationship. They are used to add relevant points, compare and contrast, indicate conditions, give reasons, and highlight examples. Some common connectors are moreover, furthermore, whereas, while, although, however, despite, since, because, for, and in particular.

1. Cohesion: Connectors

2. Introduction
Connectors:
• join one idea or statement to another
• indicate to the reader how or why statements
are connected (that is, they signal which
function is being used)

3. Introduction
Connectors are used for:
• adding relevant points
• comparing and contrasting
• conditions
• giving reasons
• highlighting

4. Adding relevant points
We use some connectors to make additional
points (to introduce an idea or statement that
adds to something that has already been
written).

5. Adding relevant points
This year, we expect we shall recruit
to recruit thirty another twenty
graduates with In graduates with
degrees in medicine. addition, engineering degrees.

6. Adding relevant points
The in markets
in its
company throughout
not only, home but also
has Europe and
market,
expanded, Asia.

7. Adding relevant points
providing our we also offer an
As well customers with quality excellent returns
as, sales service, policy.

8. Adding relevant points
We are planning to we may consider
set up agencies in furthermore going into China at a
Japan and , later stage.

9. Comparisons/contrasts
Connectors can be used to compare or
contrast two things or ideas as follows:
• comparing or contrasting relative size, rate
or amount
• contrasting between positive and negative
qualities (e.g. advantages and
disadvantages)
• contrasting between two different situations

10. Comparing or contrasting
relative size, rate or amount
The cost of a first an economy
class ticket to class ticket
whereas,
Madrid would be would cost just
$2000, $700.

11. Comparing or contrasting
relative size, rate or amount
When we conducted
others were more
the market research,
some people while, interested in the
speed of the
emphasized the
service.
importance of quality

12. Comparing or contrasting
relative size, rate or amount
Sandersons they are not as reliable
Although,
are cheap, as our current suppliers.

13. Comparing or contrasting
relative size, rate or amount
This year’s in
prices are very comparison last year’s.
high with

14. Contrasting between positive
and negative qualities
the quality of their the service is
Although,
products is good, extremely poor.

15. Contrasting between positive
and negative qualities
Our freight will
it is very
provide very fast however/bu
expensive.
delivery, t

16. Contrasting between two
situations, ideas or possibilities
The rapport has not despite the we asked for it
yet been received, fact that three weeks ago.

17. Contrasting between two
situations, ideas or possibilities
I believe that the
the competition
new product will be even
is strong.
successful, though

18. Contrasting between two
situations, ideas or possibilities
We were unable to
our staff working
complete the work in spite
overtime.
on time last month, of

19. Contrasting between two
situations, ideas or possibilities
you could use the
You could relocate site of the former
to the North of Alternatively plant, situated
England. , near the docks.

20. Contrasting between two
situations, ideas or possibilities
Sales were there was an
below budget However improvement
in September. , during October.

21. Contrasting between two
situations, ideas or possibilities
Note:
‘In spite of’ and ‘despite’ can be followed
either by a verb in the ‘...ing’ form or by ‘the
fact that’.

22. Contrasting between two
situations, ideas or possibilities
In spite of/ Despite employing extra staff, we
found it difficult to complete the job on time.
In spite of the fact that/Despite the fact
that we employed extra staff, we found it difficult
to complete the job on time.

23. Connectors in conditional
sentences
Connectors can be used in sentences which
state conditions.
If the recommended
changes in structure the company will
then, experience further
are not implemented
immediately, financial loss.

24. Connectors in conditional
sentences
The suppliers may
we shall have to
decide not to follow In that
consider using an
our advice on this case,
alternative company.
matter.

25. Connectors for giving reasons
We can use connectors to give reasons for:
• situations or actions
• courses of action that you are recommending

26. Connectors for giving reasons
Reasons for situations or actions
Borrowing is more interest rates have
expensive than it since, risen in all the major
was a year ago currencies.

27. Connectors for giving reasons
I shall telephone you early
I am on holiday in
As in September to arrange a
August,
meeting.

28. Connectors for giving reasons
Reasons for recommended courses of action
I recommend that his communication
John Green should because
skills are excellent.
be appointed

29. Connectors for giving reasons
We advise you not as/becau their standard of
to use Masons as se/since service has
contractors declined recently.

30. Connectors for highlighting
Connectors are used to highlight examples.
All our brands, the in have performed
cutting machine particular well this year.
,

31. Connectors for highlighting
We should like to
to the
express our gratitude
especially Production
to all the staff
, Department.
concerned and,

32. Connectors for highlighting
The company
financial ones,
experienced great
mainly because we had
difficulties in the
very little backing.
early years,

33. Connectors for highlighting
We are planning to extend
chiefly in Japan.
our operations in Asia,