Exercise physiology

1. Exercise physiology

2. Exercise
• Aerobics
• Yoga
• Resistance training program

3. Muscles in exercise
• Strength: maximal contractile force between 3 and 4 kg/cm2 of muscle cross-
sectional area – Bulk
• Power: measure of the total amount of work that the muscle performs in a unit
period of time
• Endurance: great extent to which a muscle can work - Glycogen

4. Muscle metabolic systems in exercise

5. Oxygen Debt
Breathing extra amounts of oxygen over and
above the normal requirements after a heavy
exercise
To restore
• phosphagen system
• lactic acid system

6. Effect of athletic training on muscles and
muscle performance
• Importance of Maximal Resistance Training
• Muscle Hypertrophy
• Fast-Twitch and Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers.

7. Respiration in exercise
• Acute:
• increase in ventilation (Rate & depth)
• Increase in oxygen consumption
• Chronic training:
• Increase in lung volume & capacity
• Increase in Oxygen diffusing capacity
• Increase in tissue utilization of oxygen

8. Cardiovascular system in exercise
• Acute:
– Increase in CO, vasoconstriction except blood flow to muscle under
active
– Depends upon the severity Systolic & Diastolic BP increases
• Chronic training:
– Decrease in heart rate (bradycardia)
– Increase in SV, CO & Cardiac reserve
– Hypertrophy of ventricle

9. Body heat in exercise
• Increase in temperature causes vasodilation to muscle blood flow
Heatstroke. During endurance athletics, even under normal
environmental conditions, the body temperature often rises from
its normal level of 98.6° to 102° or 103°F (37° to 40°C).
• With very hot and humid conditions - 41° to 42°C
• Extreme weakness, exhaustion, headache, dizziness, nausea,
profuse sweating, confusion, staggering gait, collapse,
and unconsciousness.

10. Body fluids and salt in exercise
• Severe decrease in water & electrolyte level
causes dehydration, muscle cramps & nausea

11. Other effects
Benefits of practicing exercise:
• Regulates the lipid profile & prevents hypertension
• Regulates the blood sugar level & prevents diabetes
• Maintains body weight & prevent obesity
• Improves psychological well being & prevents depression, anxiety
& stress
• Improves immunity
• Increases RBC count
• Improves bone density
• Increase GH & enhance growth

12. BODY FITNESS PROLONGS LIFE
THANK YOU