1. PRINCIPLES OF CARE

2. 9 Aspects of the Principles of Care:
1. Anti discrimination
2. Confidentiality
3. Rights of the individual
4. Choice
5. Dignity
6. Culture and personal beliefs
7. Protecting from abuse
8. Effective communication
9. Individual care

3. 1. Anti discrimination

4. 1. Anti discrimination
a.Discrimination is when…
• not given equal treatment
individual
• is treated unfairly

5. 1. Anti discrimination…
b. don’t make unfair judgements about an
individual because of their
I. own attitude,
II. gender,
III. race,
IV.religion,
V. age or ability.

6. 1. Anti discrimination…
c. It can take many forms
I. verbal,
II. emotional or
III. physical abuse

8. Anti discrimination…
•To prevent discrimination the health and social
care worker should be:
I. Positive about an individual’s life history, their
family and friends
II. Allow independence without referring to
another person
III. Recognize an individual as a person of worth
IV. Not judge or stereotype an individual

9. 2. Confidentiality

10. 2. Confidentiality
•Confidentiality is keeping a confidence between
the client and the care giver.
• However, there is no absolute confidentiality as the
care worker has to discuss their cases with their
manager and must tell them what their client has
said.
•They may need to reveal what they know about an
individual in court.

11. 3. Rights of the individual

12. 3. Rights of the individual
•People have a right to be different and free
from discrimination.
• They have a right to
a.confidentiality,
b.choice,
c.dignity ,
d.effective communication and safety.

13. 3. Rights of the individual…
•A practitioner needs to help…
I. an individual to maintain their
entitlements of citizenship
II. promote the client living as normal life
as possible without interfering with
other people’s rights to freedom.

14. 4. Choice

15. 4. Choice
•Care workers must make sure…
I. individuals have the opportunity to
make choices within reason.

16. 4. Choice…
ii. To make a decision about a choice the
individual needs to be provided with
sufficient information
• e.g. being offered chemotherapy a
patient needs to know what it involves,
how it will help and any side effects.

17. 5. Dignity

18. 5. Dignity
I. Dignity is respecting an individuals
uniqueness and their personal needs .
II. Privacy is to respect the right to be
alone, undisturbed and be free from
intrusion or public attention.

19. 5. Dignity…
iii. Dignity is about providing an individual
with privacy and making sure the
situation is not embarrassing.
iv. Caregiver must help individuals to
maintain their self respect and ensure
privacy.

20. 6. Culture and personal beliefs

21. 6. Culture and personal beliefs
i. Personal beliefs and identity enable an
individual to achieve their
•physical,
•intellectual,
•emotional and
•social potential.

22. 6. Culture and personal beliefs…
ii. A Care giver should be positive about an
individual’s life history, their family and
friends.
iii. A client needs to be able to express their
feelings and opinion and to be recognized
as a person of worth.

23. 6. Culture and personal beliefs…
iv.Understand the beliefs of other cultures
and to make arrangements that do not
discriminate due to cultural differences.
v. Some individuals need to pray at certain
times in the day, some eat certain foods
e.g. vegetarians do not eat meat, some do
not eat certain foods e.g. Jews don’t eat
pork .

24. 6. Culture and personal beliefs…
vi.Some cultures have rules about the way
males and females are allowed to interact
e.g. female individuals may need to be
treated by female care givers.
vii.Care workers need to be sensitive to
different cultural beliefs and adapt
appropriately.

25. 7. Protecting from abuse

26. 7. Protecting from abuse
I. Abuse can take many forms
II. can be used against vulnerable service
users.
III.To prevent abuse it is important to work in
a team because a team will share their
experiences so that abuse is less likely to
occur.

27. 7. Protecting from abuse…
iv. Abuse can happen when care workers are
•tired,
•overworked
•do not have enough time to care for the
individual properly.

28. 7. Protecting from abuse…
v. If a care worker allows their own
prejudices about certain individuals or
things to be known…
• they can make their client anxious .
•Exerting power over a client is also a
form of abuse.

29. 7. Protecting from abuse…
•Abuse should be reported to the care
worker responsible for the area and action
should be taken.

30. 8. Effective communication

31. 8. Effective communication…
i. Effective communication is the process of
•exchanging ideas,
•thoughts,
•opinions,
•knowledge,
• so that the message is received and understood
with clarity and purpose.
ii. When we communicate effectively, both the
sender and receiver feel satisfied.

32. 8. Effective communication
iii. Good and effective communication
depends upon care workers
• sharing ideas,
•information and
•work loads.
iv. It is important that the client can share
their feelings and problems with the care
worker.

33. 8. Effective communication…
v. The relationship relies on a balance or
respect between the care worker and the
client.
vi. When communicating with others it is
important that the care worker is
understood and the individual also
understood.

34. 8. Effective communication…
vii. Communication occurs in many forms,
including
• verbal and non-verbal,
•written,
•visual, and
• listening

35. 8. Effective communication…
viii.Verbal communication is important as it
shows that the care worker is listening
and is interested. These skills include:
•Open questions, closed questions,
paraphrasing, summarizing, clarifying.

36. 8. Effective communication…
ix. Non-verbal communication also known
as body language. These skills include:
•A smile, hand gestures,
•facial expression,
•sign language,
•Makaton,
•Braille,
•listening.

37. 9. Individual care

38. 9. Individual care
i. Individual care is to be treated as an
individual. The health and social care
worker should:
a. Consider each case separately

39. 9. Individual care…
b.Encourage autonomy
• i.e. allow the individual to be self
determining to make their own choices
and decisions which improves the
individual’s self worth.
c. Involve the client in the widest possible
range of normal activities and make
available a range of options

40. 9. Individual care…
ii. The care needs to be focussed on the
individual and be particular to them.
iii. A client’s needs are assessed by a care
giver and how theses needs are going to
be answered are written in a care plan.

41. 9. Individual care…
iv.The result is that a client will be treated as
an individual rather than part of a group
•e.g. care home residents all have
individualized care plans as they have
individual needs.