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Ontology Engineering for the Semantic Web and beyond

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Peter Geil

Natalya Noy: Ontology Engineering for the Semantic Web and beyond

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Ontology Engineering for the Semantic Web and Beyond Natalya F. Noy Stanford University [email_address] A large part of this tutorial is based on “ Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology” by Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.html
A shared ONTOLOGY of wine and food French wines and wine regions California wines and wine regions Which wine should I serve with seafood today?
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Is An Ontology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ontology Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Is “Ontology Engineering”? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Develop an Ontology? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More Reasons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Ontology Is Often Just the Beginning Ontologies Software agents Problem-solving methods Domain-independent applications Databases Declare structure Knowledge bases Provide domain description
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Wines and Wineries
Ontology-Development Process ,[object Object],In reality - an iterative process: determine scope consider reuse enumerate terms define classes define properties define constraints create instances determine scope consider reuse enumerate terms define classes consider reuse enumerate terms define classes define properties create instances define classes define properties define constraints create instances define classes consider reuse define properties define constraints create instances
Ontology Engineering versus Object-Oriented Modeling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Preliminaries - Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Determine Domain and Scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],determine scope consider reuse enumerate terms define classes define properties define constraints create instances
Competency Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Consider Reuse ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],determine scope consider reuse enumerate terms define classes define properties define constraints create instances
What to Reuse? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What to Reuse? (II) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Enumerate Important Terms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],consider reuse determine scope enumerate terms define classes define properties define constraints create instances
Enumerating Terms - The Wine Ontology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Classes and the Class Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],consider reuse determine scope define classes define properties define constraints create instances enumerate terms
Class Inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Class Inheritance - Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Levels in the Hierarchy Middle level Top level Bottom level
Modes of Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Documentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Define Properties of Classes – Slots ,[object Object],[object Object],consider reuse determine scope define constraints create instances enumerate terms define classes define properties
Properties (Slots) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Slots for the Class Wine (in Protégé-2000)
Slot and Class Inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Property Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],consider reuse determine scope create instances enumerate terms define classes define constraints define properties
Facets for Slots at the Wine Class
Common Facets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common Facets: Slot Cardinality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Common Facets: Value Type ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Domain and Range of Slot ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Facets and Class Inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Wine French wine Winery French winery is-a is-a producer producer
Create Instances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],consider reuse determine scope create instances enumerate terms define classes define properties define constraints
Creating an Instance: Example
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Going Deeper ,[object Object],[object Object],determine scope consider reuse enumerate terms define classes define properties define constraints create instances determine scope consider reuse enumerate terms define classes define properties define constraints create instances
Defining Classes and a Class Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple Inheritance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Disjoint Classes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Wine Red wine Rosé wine White wine Dessert wine Port
Avoiding Class Cycles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Siblings in a Class Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Perfect Family Size ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Perfect Family Size (II) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Single and Plural Class Names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Class Instance instance-of
Classes and Their Names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Completed Hierarchy of Wines
Back to the Slots: Domain and Range ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Back to the Slots: Domain and Range ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],slot class allowed values DOMAIN RANGE
Defining Domain and Range ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inverse Slots ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inverse Slots (II) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Default Values ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limiting the Scope ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limiting the Scope (II) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ontologies and the SW Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SW Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RDF and RDF Schema Classes ,[object Object]
RDF(S) Terminology and Semantics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Property Constraints in RDF(S) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DAML+OIL: Classes And a Class Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More Ways To Define a Class in DAML+OIL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Property Constraints in DAML+OIL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research Issues in Ontology Engineering ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Content: Top-Level Ontologies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Content: Knowledge Acquisition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ontology Maintenance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ontology Languages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ontology-Development Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Where to Go From Here? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Transitivity of the Class Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Ontology Engineering for the Semantic Web and beyond

  • 1. Ontology Engineering for the Semantic Web and Beyond Natalya F. Noy Stanford University [email_address] A large part of this tutorial is based on “ Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology” by Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101.html
  • 2. A shared ONTOLOGY of wine and food French wines and wine regions California wines and wine regions Which wine should I serve with seafood today?
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  • 10. An Ontology Is Often Just the Beginning Ontologies Software agents Problem-solving methods Domain-independent applications Databases Declare structure Knowledge bases Provide domain description
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  • 26. Levels in the Hierarchy Middle level Top level Bottom level
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  • 31. Slots for the Class Wine (in Protégé-2000)
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