Pendleton History presentation 2011

History Of Pendleton, SC Time Line & Pictorial History Leadership Pendleton 2011 Class

Pendleton On the Frontier 1777 – 1800 1777 Indians who sided with British during Revolution vacated their lands in SC upstate after major defeat to the patriots. 1785 Signing of Peace Treaty at Treaty Oak with Cherokee, Choctaws and Chickasaw officially ceding their lands in South Carolina 1785 Gen. Andrew Pickens builds a large log house on 573 acres and establishes Hopewell Plantation. As a county commissioner, helped establish Pendleton Village 1788 South Carolina officially becomes a State 1789 Pendleton & Greenville Counties established from Indian lands (Pendleton = TriCounty Area) Samuel Loftis, Pendleton County’s first Sheriff, built 2-story building on lands that later became Ashtabula Plantation. Loftis as a commissioner helped establish Pendleton village. John Miller built his house As a commissioner, helped establish Pendleton Village Hopewell-Keowee Presbyterian Church founded by Andrew Pickens in Pendleton County 1790 Village of Pendleton founded at Pendleton county courthouse site and a temporary log courthouse was built N. of the current public square. Land sale listed in Book A, Pg1. 1791 Pendleton & Greenville merged to form Washington county with Pickensville as courthouse town. 1793 First mercantile firm of Wadsworth, Turpin and Steele established in Pendleton by Wm Steele on S. side public square. Steele was Pendleton’s first postmaster, post office in store. Lowther Hall, oldest house still existing in Pendleton, built by Wm. Hunter.

Pendleton: 1800-1830 The Upcountry Center of Culture, Trade and Commerce 1800 ,[object Object],[object Object],1802 ,[object Object],[object Object],1805 Andrew Pickens vacates Hopewell to move to Tomassee since Pendleton Village was become too populated. 1807 ,[object Object],[object Object],~1810 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1812 – 1814 Many wealthy Charlestonians continued to built summer Plantations in Pendleton area to escape the fear that Charleston would be burned by the British as was Washington in War of 1812.

Antebellum South Carolina Economy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton, SC First Summer Resort 1815 - 1830 1815 Pendleton Farmer’s Society founded, Thomas Pinckney first President (still in operation) 1819 St. Paul’s Episcopal Church organized by new residents from the Low country 1821 New two-story brick jail built off the square on W. Queen St. (now a residence, Marshalsea) 1822 St. Paul’s Church sanctuary completed 1824 ,[object Object],1825 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1826 ,[object Object],1828 ,[object Object],[object Object],1829 John C. Calhoun sworn in as Andrew Jackson’s Vice President, resigned in 1831.

Pendleton ~ 1826 Largest Town in Pendleton District

Pendleton 1830 – 1848 1830 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney completed the house at Woodburn Plantation 1830 – 1834 James Butler Bonham practices law in Pendleton prior to going to Texas where he second in command at the battle of the Alamo. 1832 ,[object Object],[object Object],1832-1833 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney became Lt. Gov. under Gov Hayne during nullification crisis Famous Duel between Benj. F. Perry of Greenville Sentinel (Unionist) & Turner Bynum (Nullifier) on island in Tugaloo River. Bynum mortally wounded, buried at St. Paul’s 1834 Pendleton Methodist Church founded 1835 Pendleton Jockey Club chartered 1838 Pendleton Manufacturing Co. incorporated as textile mill by Enoch B. Benson, W.H.D. Gaillard, and the Sloans (John T., Thomas M., Benjamin F.) located S. of town in what is now LaFrance. One of first in SC. 1839 John C. Calhoun became president of Pendleton Farmer’s Society 1840 Pendleton Methodist Church building completed, burned in 1939. 1842 Pendleton Baptist Church founded and church built, building replaced in 1951. By 1850 As many as 20 plantations surround the town of Pendleton, most now gone

Pendleton Area Plantations Houses and Antebellum Houses - No longer Existing ,[object Object]

Plantation Houses and Antebellum Houses In Existence To day ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton 1848 - 1861 1848 ,[object Object],[object Object],1850 ,[object Object],[object Object],1852-5 ,[object Object],[object Object],1854 Originally the dream of John c. Calhoun in the 1830’s, construction finally begins on the Blue Ridge Railroad to run between Anderson and Knoxville and ultimately to Cincinnati to connect Charleston and the Upstate with emerging markets in the north. 1858 Blue Ridge Railroad finished through Pendleton connecting Pendleton with Anderson via rail. 1859 Construction on Blue Ridge Railroad halted N. of Walhalla (Stumphouse Tunnel) by the high cost on construction (fraud, the high price of imported iron, lack of local engineering expertise) and the subsequent withdrawal of funding by the State. 1860 New Guard house (jail) and market house built on public square.

Pendleton - Civil War Years 1860 South Carolina succeeded from the Union, the first state to do so, setting the stage for the beginning of the Civil War. 1861 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1861-65 The bell at St. Paul’s would toll out the bad news when the train brought word of a local death. The bell was later donated to be melted down to make ammunition. May 1865 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton – Reconstruction Years 1865 – 1871 Climate of terrorism existed across state and particularly in Upstate as white Democrats rebelled against government by Republicans and freed former slaves. 1868 Thomas Green Clemson, in his capacity with the Farmer’s Society, begins advocating the establishment of an agricultural college to teach improved farming methods. 1870 ,[object Object],[object Object],1873 Jesse Cornelius Stribling (Rossdale and later Sleepy Hollow farm) had first registered herd of Jersey cattle in SC and one of first in SE. – The beginning of SC dairy industry. Cattle continues to be Anderson County’s primary agricultural product. 1874 Silver Springs Baptist Church established at foot of Hunter’s Hill on old road to Clemson. New church built in 1926 on new road to Clemson. 1876 “ Red Shirt” brigades from towns all over state supported Wade Hampton III election to Governor under the slogan “Force without Violence” that helped end reconstruction. 1877 One of last two states to be released from military rule under reconstruction

Pendleton at the End of 19 th Century 1880 Hunter’s store wooden warehouse built behind Hunter’s Store (still standing) 1882 Jane Edna Harris Hunter, African-American activist and reformer, born on Woodburn Farm and later founded the Phyllis Wheatley Assoc. after moving to Cleveland, OH. Recognized by Ohio as one of its top 20 “Heroes”. 1889 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1893 Present Presbyterian Church built on S. Broad St. Rev. John Adger delivered the last sermon at the old church and first at the new church. 1893 Blue Ridge Plant of the Pendleton Manufacturing Co. (textile co.) built on Blue Ridge St 1896 Clemson College fielded its first football team.

Pendleton in Early Twentieth Century 1907 April Fools day student “strike” by a large number of Clemson cadets in “drag” included a march to Pendleton resulted in the formation of the “Pendleton Guards” and an annual student event in Pendleton. Town of Clemson yet to emerge. 1911 One story addition to the Guard House, building later housed the Pendleton Library. 1920’s The high cotton prices, diverting land from food production and leading to a high cost of living, setting the stage for the devastating effects of the boll-weevil & great depression. 1929 SC28 Hwy through Pendleton widened, paved (formerly dirt), and rerouted in places impacting town square and frontage of historic structures in town. 1930’s ,[object Object],[object Object],1935 Federal Government through Resettlement Act purchased 29,625 acres (about 150 farms) of worn-out, eroded farm land and leased it to Clemson College for their use and remediation. (Woodburn was included in this buy-out). Lands deeded to Clemson in 1954. 1947 - 1950 Pendleton town fathers persuaded Milliken to build their new finishing plant and later the Garish Milliken plant just outside Pendleton bringing jobs to Pendleton. 1950’s US76 Hwy improvement project bypassed downtown Pendleton, passing through Woodburn Farm instead, thus preserving its historic town square and character. ~ 1958-1961 US Corp of Engineer’s Lake Hartwell project to dam the Savannah River and flood a proposed 9,000 acres of farm land, mostly belonging to Clemson College, did result in the flooding of the ruins of many of antebellum plantation houses along the Seneca River.

Beginning of Economic Development and Tourism in 1960’s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Expansion of Tourism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton Historic District Established 1972 Pendleton Historic District, the largest in the US at the time, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Bounded on west by Hopewell and Treaty Oak, on east by Montpelier, north by Old Stone Church, south by town limits. Ashtabula and Woodburn were individually listed and opened as house museums .

Map of Pendleton Historic District 6,300 acres extending from Old Stone church to Montpelier (c.1969)

Description from National Register Nomination Form ,[object Object]

Revitalization of Downtown ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Later Economic Development ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What does the Future Hold? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton Historic Foundation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PHF Historic Pendleton Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton’s Historic Markers ,[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton’s Historic Markers On E. Queen/ Town Square

Pendleton’s Historic Markers On Mechanic Street side of Town Square

Pendleton’s Historic Markers On E. Queen St. at N Broad St.

Pendleton’s Historic Markers St. Paul’s Church Yard

Pendleton’s Historic Markers Old Cherry Rd - Clemson

Pendleton’s Historic Markers St. Paul’s Churchyard

Pendleton’s Historic Markers Vance Street

Pendleton’s Historic Markers Old Greenville Hwy

Pendleton’s Historic Markers US76 across from Tri County Tech

Pictorial History of Pendleton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hunter’s Store c. 1850 E. Queen St.

Hunter’s Store early 1900’s

Hunter’s Store Warehouse, c . 1880

Farmer’s Hall (before 1928)

Pendleton Village Green , ~ 1880-1900 Guardhouse before front addition & Well house left

E. Main St. (early 1900’s ?)

E. Main St. 1960’s, Center Portion c. 1793

Looking South on Mechanic St. Horse-trading Convention, 1910

“ Red Shirt” Reunion on Square (1896 or 1906’s?)

Keese Barn (antique barn & social hall) W. Queen St. (now gone)

Keeses’s Barn Memorial West Queen St.

Old Stone Church c. 1802 Burial place of General Andrew Pickens and Robert Anderson

Pendleton Presbyterian Church Old Greenville Hwy, c. 1824 Corner Mechanic& Broad Sts., c. 1893

St. Paul’s Episcopal c. 1822

Pendleton Methodist Church c. 1834, burned c. 1939 Rebuilt using original front stained class window, later enlarged

Pendleton Baptist Church c. 1843

King’s Chapel AME Church Congregation est. 1867

Aerial View of Blue Ridge Mill (1902)

Aerial View Baptist Church & Blue Ridge Mill (1902 from water tower at MiCasa)

Mi Casa c. 1830 (1902 with water town in background)

Mi Casa today complete with water tower

James Hunter House c. 1860 before restoration

Built as blacksmith shop, c. 1840 Civil War Headquarters of Jones Rifles Located next to James Hunter House

Woodburn before 1970’s restoration

Woodburn c. 1830 US76, across from TriCounty Tech Moorhead Cabin 1810 and Adger carriage house (reproduction)

Smythe Family at Woodburn The simple things made us happy back then…

Silk House (currently undergoing restoration)

Ruins of Tanglewood today Burned in 1970’s

Liberty Hall, c. 1849 Built by Thomas J. Sloan as seen in 1969 before restoratio n

Liberty Hall Also known as Harris Hall

Jenkins House c.1830 Build by Dr. William Seabrook Jenkins (Cherry St. at Depot St.)

Benson House c. mid 1800’s moved from E. Queen st in 1970’s for restoration

Benson House c. (only left portion original) R estoration never accomplished

Elam Sparp House, c 1802 Built by William Steel, 1 st postmaster of Pendleton Boxwood, c. 1800 Built by Dr. Fredrick Symmes, editor of “ Pendleton Messenger”

Marshalsea, c. 1821, built as Jail . Poe House, c. 1860

Ashtabula c. 1825 Old Greenville Hwy Original House c. 1789

Hopewell c. 1785 (Built by General Andres Pickens ) Off Old Cherry Rd. - Clemson

Altamont, c. 1830 Built by Thomas Pinckney (now gone)

Montpelier c. 1849 - Built by Samuel Maverick Old Greenville Hwy, across from Refuge Baptist Church

The Retreat c. 1840’s Located on Danehower Rd.

Hopewell Treaty Marker Old Cherry Rd., before crossing Lake

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton Historic Foundation Ashtabula & Woodburn Historic Houses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton Historic Foundation Opportunities to Help ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pendleton History presentation 2011

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