Node.js的基本介紹，包含基本語法、NPM、Express入門等

1. Node.js in Action
Simon Su @ MiCloud

2. Objective
● Node.js Installation
● Node.js Basic
● Node.js Web Framework - Express

3. Install Node.js

4. ● Download source code
● Install
tar -zxf node-vx.x.x.tar.gz
cd node-vx.x.x
./configure
./configure --prefix=/opt/node
make
sudo make install
Node.js install - Install from Source

5. ● Mac安裝Node.js：
○ Mac版本安裝程式為node-vx.x.x.pkg，執行pkg安裝程式後，將會有安裝
程序帶領您安裝完Node.js
○ 其他安裝支援：MacPort, homebrew
● SmartOS安裝Node.js:
○ pkgin search node
○ pkgin install nodejs-0.4.9
● Windows安裝Node.js：
○ v0.6.x前安裝Node.js於Windows上必須先行安裝 cygwin 然後採用
source install方式安裝
○ v0.6.x後提供msi安裝檔案
Node.js install - All OS

6. Node.js install - v0.6.8+ support

7. Node.js vs Javascript

8. Node.js vs Javascript
Node.js
● Server side language
JavaScript
● Client side language

9. Node.js Basic

10. Node.js Read-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL)
$ node
> var os=require('os');
undefined
> os.hostname()
'SimonAIR.local'
>
undefined
>
(^C again to quit)
>
$
指令列直接執行node
鍵入測試指令
使用Ctri + C (兩次) 離開

11. Basic of Node - 基本語法
● 載入模組
var http = require('http');
● 分享模組
export
module.export
● 註解
// This is a common
/* This is a common */
● 變數
name = value //global
var name = value
● 執行
node nodejs-file-name.js
● 全域物件(Global Objects)
● global
● process
● console
● Buffer
● require()
● require.resolve()
● require.cache
● __filename
● __dirname
● module
● exports
● setTimeout(cb, ms)
● clearTimeout(t)
● setInterval(cb, ms)
● clearInterval(t)

12. Basic of Node - Exception
$ node 003-for3.js
/Users/jellychang/Workspaces/NodeWS/Sample/003-for3.js:1
process.argv ){
^
node.js:201
throw e; // process.nextTick error, or 'error' event on first tick
^
SyntaxError: Unexpected token )
at Module._compile (module.js:427:25)
at Object..js (module.js:450:10)
at Module.load (module.js:351:31)
at Function._load (module.js:310:12)
at Array.0 (module.js:470:10)
at EventEmitter._tickCallback (node.js:192:40)
錯誤程式區段與位置資訊
Stack trace
Stack trace DETAIL
錯誤原因

13. Basic of Node - Language Core
● 順序 (Sequence)
● 判斷 (If ... Then .... Else ....)
● 迴圈 (Loops)

14. Basic of Node -
Non-Block vs Sequence
$ cat 000-sequence.js
console.log('The start of node...');
for(i = 0; i< 3 ; i++ ){
console.log('=>' + i);
}
console.log('The end of node...');
$ node 000-sequence.js
The start of node...
=>0
=>1
=>2
The end of node...
#cat 000-nonblock2.js
setTimeout(function(){
console.log("bar...");
}, 1000);
console.log("foo...");
$ node 000-unblock2.js
foo... (will wait...)
bar...

15. Basic of Node - if condition
if (CONDITION) {
RULE
} else if {
RULE
} else {
RULE
}
#!/usr/bin/env node
//003-if.js
if ( process.argv[2] == 1 ) {
console.log('input 1...');
} else if (process.argv[2] == 2) {
console.log('input 2...');
} else {
console.log('not 1 or 2...');
}
$ ./003-if.js
not 1 or 2...
$ ./003-if.js 1
input 1...
$ ./003-if.js 2
input 2...

16. Basic of Node - switch
switch ( EVENT ) {
case EVENT_VALUE:
PROCESS
break;
... (other case)
default:
PROCESS
break;
}
#003-switch.js
console.log('-->' + process.argv[2]);
switch ( process.argv[2] ) {
case '1':
console.log('==>1');
break;
case '10':
console.log('==>10');
break;
default:
console.log('default...');
break;
}
$ node 003-switch.js 1
-->1
==>1

17. Basic of Node - for loop
for ( i in SET ) {
PROCESS...
}
#003-for.js
for ( i in process.argv ){
console.log('-->' + i +
'=' + process.argv[i]);
}
$ node 003-for.js 1 2 3
-->0=node
-->1=/.../Sample/003-for.js
-->2=1
-->3=2
-->4=3

18. Basic of Node - for loop
for ( KEY=VALUE;
BREAK_CONDITION;
BREAK_RULE) {
PROCESS
}
#003-for2.js
for ( i=0 ; i < 5 ; i++ ){
console.log(i);
}
$ node 003-for2.js
0
1
2
3
4

19. Basic of Node - while loop
while ( CONDITION ){
PROCESS
[BREAK_RULE]
}
$ cat 003-while.js
i = 5;
while(i < process.argv[2]){
console.log('-->' + i);
i++;
}
$ node 003-while.js 10
-->5
-->6
-->7
-->8
-->9

20. Node Ecosystem - NPM
Node Package Management

21. Install NPM
● >= Node.js 0.6.*
○ Congratulation, in already included in the Node.js
● < Node.js 0.6.*
● One Line Install
curl http://npmjs.org/install.sh | sh
● More Than One Line Install
○ Get the code... https://github.com/isaacs/npm
○ Make & Make install it...
● Windows Install
○ Download a zip file from http://npmjs.org/dist/
○ Unpack it in the same folder where node.exe
lives

22. NPM Basic Usage
Search:
npm search [some search terms ...]
ex: npm search express
Install:
npm install <name>
ex: npm install express
● Remove:
npm uninstall <name>[@<version> [<name>[@<version>]...]
ex: npm uninstall express

23. NPM advance commands
● npm list
List the detail help contents
● npm install <pkg. name> -gd
Install the package into global folder.
○ Basicly, the npm install <pkg. name> will install the
package into the user home directory, like:
$HOME/node_modules/*
○ Npm related information will store in $HOME/.npm

24. Best NPM packages
● View module: jade, express, ejs
● MySQL connector: mysql
● Mailer: nodemailer
● NoSQL: felix-couchdb, mongodb

25. Node.js Web Fraework -
Express / Ejs

26. Basic Web Server
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
res.end('Hello Worldn');
}).listen(1337, '127.0.0.1');
console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/');

27. 3Steps using express/ejs framework
1. Install express, ejs, jade
npm install express ejs jade -gd
PS: Install specific version of module
npm install express@2.5.9 [-gd]
2. Create your project
express <your project name>
ex: express TestPrj
3. Sync project module
cd <your project name> && npm install
ex: cd TestPrj && npm install

28. Testing of Created Project
# cd $YOUR_WORKSPACE/TestPrj
# node app.js
# cd $YOUR_WORKSPACE/TestPrj
# ls -ltr
總計 24
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 316 2012-03-30 00:41 public
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 182 2012-03-30 00:41 routes
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 252 2012-03-30 00:41 views
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 153 2012-03-30 00:41 package.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 783 2012-03-30 00:41 app.js
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 303 2012-03-30 00:41 node_modules
# node app.js
Express server listening on port 3000 in development mode

29. Using ejs as View Engine - Config
//file: app.js
//Configure route setting
app.configure(function(){
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'ejs');
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(express.cookieParser());
//app.use(express.session({ secret: "keyboard cat" }));
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
app.set("view options", {layout : true});
});
//Configure routing
app.get('/', function(req, res){
res.render('index', {
title: 'Express'
});
});
var express = require('express')
, routes = require('./routes');
var app = module.exports = express.createServer();
// Configuration
app.configure(function(){
app.set('views', __dirname + '/views');
app.set('view engine', 'jade');
app.use(express.bodyParser());
app.use(express.methodOverride());
app.use(app.router);
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
});
app.configure('development', function(){
app.use(express.errorHandler({ dumpExceptions:
true, showStack: true }));
});
app.configure('production', function(){
app.use(express.errorHandler());
});
// Routes
app.get('/', routes.index);
app.listen(3000, function(){
console.log("Express server listening on port %d in
%s mode", app.address().port, app.settings.env);
});

30. Using ejs as View Engine - layout
/* file: /view/layout.ejs */
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title><%= title %></title>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='/stylesheets/style.css' />
</head>
<body>
<!-- /page -->
<div data-role="page">
<!-- /header -->
<div data-role="header">
<h1>My Title</h1>
</div>
<!-- /content -->
<%- body %>
</div>
</body>
</html>
!!!
html
head
title= title
link(rel='stylesheet',
href='/stylesheets/style.css')
body
block content

31. Using ejs as View Engine - View
/* file: /view/index.ejs */
<h1><%= title %></h1>
<p>Welcome to <%= title %></p>
extends layout
block content
h1= title
p Welcome to #{title}

32. Configure REST routing
// file: app.js
app.get('/getUsedExam/:classid', refEngin.getUsedExam);
app.get('/getUsedExam/:classid/:teacherid', refEngin.getUsedExam);
app.get('/getUsedExam/:classid/:teacherid/:examid', refEngin.getUsedExam);
// file: routes/someRouter.js
exports.getUserdExam = function(req, res, next) {
var classid = req.params.classid;
...(skip)
console.log('classid: ' + classid );
res.render('simeViewEjsFile', {result: classid});
});
};

33. Node.js MySQL
Connector

34. Installing MySQL connector
$ npm install mysql
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mysql
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/mysql
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/hashish/0.0.4
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/hashish/0.0.4
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/traverse
npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/traverse
mysql@0.9.5 ./node_modules/mysql
└── hashish@0.0.4

35. Using MySQL connector - Config
$ vi mysql-config.js
var db_options = {
host: 'your.database.address',
port: your_database_port,
user: 'access_database_name',
password: 'access_database_password',
database: 'database_that_will_be_use'
};
var mysql = new require('mysql'), db = null;
if(mysql.createClient) {
db = mysql.createClient(db_options);
} else {
db = new mysql.Client(db_options);
db.connect(function(err) {
if(err) {
console.error('connect db ' + db.host + ' error: ' + err);
process.exit();
}
});
}
exports.db = db;

36. /* file: routes/someRoute.js */
var config = require('./mysql-config')
, db = config.db;
exports.checkExamStatus = function(req, res, next) {
var sql = 'select * from some_talbe a where a.some_column = ? and a.some_column2 = ?';
var some_condition = req.params.some_condition;
var cond = [some_condition, some_condition2];
console.log('Query: ' + sql );
console.log('Cond: ' + cond);
db.query(sql, cond, function(err, rows, fiels) {
if(err) return next(err);
res.render('simpleJsonResult', {result: rows});
});
};
/* file: view/simpleJsonResult.ejs */
<%-JSON.stringify(result)%>
Using MySQL connector - Query

37. /* file: routes/someRoute.js */
var config = require('./mysql-config')
, db = config.db;
exports.checkExamStatus = function(req, res, next) {
var sql = 'select * from some_talbe a where 1=1 ';
var some_condition = req.params.some_condition;
var cond = new Array();
if (req.params.some_condition != null) {
sql += ' and a.some_column = ? ';
cond.push(some_condition);
}
console.log('Query: ' + sql );
console.log('Cond: ' + cond);
db.query(sql, cond, function(err, rows, fiels) {
if(err) return next(err);
res.render('simpleJsonResult', {result: rows});
});
};
Using MySQL connector - Query 2

38. Enjoy Your Node
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