You cannot have clean technology without rare metals, vanadium and lithium Rare Metals, vanadium and lithium toxicity is very high. China has seen their water and land poison through the mining of rare metals Clean technology requires material like aluminum, nickel, oil (petrochemicals), etc. in order to be fabricated and installed Majority of the key clean technology materials are controlled by countries like Russia, China and South Africa

1. CLEAN TECHNOLOGY- RAW
MATERIALS
BY: PAUL YOUNG, CPA, CGA
DATE: OCTOBER 17, 2018

2. • This presentation is one perspective on Clean Technology Raw Materials

3. PAUL YOUNG - PRESENTER
Bio
• CPA/CGA
• 25 years of experience in Academia, Industry and Financial solutions
• Youtube Channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAArky1bAXPSuV2NLtUnyLg

4. AGENDA
Energy Storage Market
Electrical Car
Rare Metal Production
Lithium Production
Vanadium Production
Graphite production
Copper Production
Canada Raw Materials
Canada Market and Issues
Blog – Canada North
Blog – Carbon Tax / Canada
Blog – Canada and Climate Change
Blog – Vanadium
Blog – Canada and the environment
Rare metals and their environmental impact

5. INTRODUCTORY
1
You cannot have clean
technology without rare metals,
vanadium and lithium
2
Rare Metals, vanadium and
lithium toxicity is very high. China
has seen their water and land
poison through the mining of
rare metals
3
Clean technology requires
material like aluminum, nickel, oil
(petrochemicals), etc. in order to
be fabricated and installed
4
Majority of the key clean
technology materials are
controlled by countries like
Russia, China and South Africa.

6. ENERGY STORAGE MARKET
• Looking at the entire global energy industry, BNEF’s report sees encouraging signs in the energy storage market, which
inspired expectations of a market valued at $250 billion or more by 2040. In the shorter term, BNEF expects 25 GW of
storage devices to have been deployed over the next 12 years, which, the BNEF analysts pointed out, is about the same
size as today’s rooftop PV industry.
• This is an ambitious forecast, considering that there is less than 1 GW of storage devices operating on world grids
combined today. However, there are some large-scale battery projects currently in development, notably a 100 MW
facility in Long Beach, California, being developed by Edison International.
Source - http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/energy-storage-market-to-
grow-to-usd250-billion-by-2040_100024952/#axzz4QDY3Q1VX

7. ELECTRICAL CAR
MARKET
• Source: https://cleantechnica.com/2016/06/05/electric-car-sales-increased-
42-globally-q1-2016/ or
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/oct/13/electric-car-
sales-set-to-pass-2m-landmark-globally-by-end-of-2016

8. ELECTRICAL CAR
RAW MATERIAL
• Source - http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Electric-Automobile.html

9. ELECTRICAL BATTERY COST
• http://www.industryweek.com/energy/electric-cars-soon-will-cost-less-gasoline-autos-research-
shows?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+IWNews+%28IndustryWeek+Most+Recent+News%29&sfvc4enews=42&cl=article_1_b&NL=IW-07
Now research from Bloomberg New Energy Finance indicates
that falling battery costs will mean electric vehicles will also be
cheaper to buy in the U.S. and Europe as soon as 2025.
Batteries currently account for about half the cost of EVs, and
their prices will fall by about 77% between 2016 and 2030, the
London-based researcher said.
“On an upfront basis, these things will start to get cheaper and
people will start to adopt them more as price parity gets
closer,” said Colin McKerracher, analyst at the London-based
researcher. “After that it gets even more compelling.”

10. ELECTRICAL CAR
BATTERY
•Source -
https://cleantechnica.com/2015/05/06/
10-biggest-electric-car-battery-
manufacturers-are/

11. MARKET
PRODUCTION
– RARE
METALS
China - Mine
Production:
105,000 tons
Australia - Mine
Production: 10,000
tons
United States -
Mine Production:
4,100 tons
Russia – Russia -
Mine Production:
2,500 tons
Thailand - Mine
Production: 1,100
tons
Malaysia - Mine
Production: 200
tons

12. LITHIUM
PRODUCTION
Australia - Mine production: 13,400 MT
Chile - Mine production: 12,900 MT
Argentina - Mine production: 3,800 MT
China - Mine production: 2,200 MT
Zimbabwe - Mine production: 900 MT

13. VANADIUM -
PRODUCTION
China - Mine
production -
42,000 MT
South Africa -
Mine production
- 19,000 MT
Russia - Mine
production -
15,000 MT
Brazil – Mine
Production –
2,800 MT

14. GRAPHENE -
PRODUCTION
China - Mine
production -
780,000 MT
India - Mine
production -
170,000 MT
Brazil - Mine
production -
80,000 MT
Turkey - Mine
production -
32,000 MT
Canada - Mine
production -
32,000 MT

15. COPPER PRODUCTION
Source - https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/base-metals-investing/copper-investing/bhp-expand-copper-exploration-ev-demand/?mqsc=E3917814
Copper demand is forecast to increase significantly as demand for
electric vehicles surges to 140 million by 2035 from about 1 million
today, Danny Malchuk, president of operations at BHP’s Minerals
Americas division, said on Wednesday (November 1).
“We want more copper resources in our portfolio. And we believe the
most valuable pathway to achieving this is through exploration, the
drill bit,” added Malchuk, speaking at a Bloomberg forum.

16. CANADA MINING – CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
METALS
Canadian industry want to secure
20% of global supply by 2018. At
the moment China produces some
90% of the world's rare earths –
used in a variety of industries
including green technology,
defense systems and consumer
electronics – and imposes export
quotas. Frontrunners among
Canadian juniors racing to build
the country's first rare earth mine
include Rare Element Resources
(TSE:RES), Avalon Rare Metals
(TSE:AVL) and Quest Rare Minerals
(TSX:QRM) while Saskatoon-based
Great Western Minerals
(CVE:GWG) is recommissioning the
Steenkampskraal mine in South
Africa with Chinese backing.
1
Canada hosts vanadium deposits
in locations such as Manitoba,
Ontario and Quebec. Total
reserves are unknown at this time,
but plenty of companies are
working in the country to develop
projects
2
Lithium projects – Manitoba,
NWT, Ontario and Quebec
3
Graphite – New Brunswick
4

17. CANADA CLEAN TECH MARKET
Key Programs
• SDTC
• Trade/FIPA
• Provincial Funds
for Clean
Technology
Market Size /Clean
Technology
• $55B (estimated 2018)
Market Growth
• 10% or about
$4.4B/year
• Technology evolving
(storage, microgrids,
solar, advance
materials, etc.)
Downsize Risk
• Ability to commercialize
• Projects have to be profitable without Government Grants
• Access to raw materials
• Access to skills / Training
• Trade/FIPA Agreements
• The requirement for Carbon (mining to installation)

18. CANADA
GOVERNMENT
The battery technology, which uses liquid electrolyte, offers a handful of
advantages over traditional solid batteries, particularly for grid-scale
applications. Producers still need to bring V2O5 costs down considerably
to make the storage solution cost-competitive, according to NRC.
While vanadium pentoxide can be mined, produced during steel
manufacturing or from catalysts, ash and other residues, there is
currently no primary producer of the compound in Canada.
Quebec’s VanadiumCorp Resource Inc. is one example of a Canadian
company developing a production site; it is currently working to secure
financing to start construction on a mine outside Chibougamau, Que.
Source - http://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/environment-and-
safety/anti-carbon-tax-environmental-groups-call-end-fossil-fuel-
subsidies-179037/

19. BLOG –
CANADA
NORTH
https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/regulation/n-w-t-premier-says-south-stop-calling-shots-northern-development-
203703/
McLeod said $2.6 billion in planned investments in offshore exploration disappeared with the onset of Trudeau’s moratorium
and yet Canada hasn’t come to the table with any aid to replace that.
He said welfare rolls grew in the time since and the population is declining as young people in particular head south to find
jobs that don’t exist in the Northwest Territories.
Resources and the energy sector account for about 40 per cent of the economy of the Northwest Territories.
Mr. McLeod should be very leery as Trudeau named a new policy adviser to his Natural Resource Policy team. The person is
formerly tied to Tides Foundation - https://www.hilltimes.com/2017/08/21/new-environment-natural-resources-policy-
adviser-joins-pmo/116282. Sarah Goodman was with the Tides Foundation - http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/tides-
canada-names-sarah-goodman-vice-president-business-development-and-services-537415491.html
Many jurisdictions have put pro-green agenda ahead of development of natural resources as such mine rankings for
provinces and territories has fallen over the past few years. https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/annual-survey-of-
mining-companies-2016

20. CANADA
CARBON TAX
RBC did this report on carbon tax. The issue is RBC is trying to be political correct as they appear to be
on the fence with their analysis. http://www.rbc.com/economics/economic-reports/pdf/other-
reports/Carbon_October2017.pdf
The reality is emissions will not go down as that has been proven elsewhere in the world like Australia.
Why am I using Australia? Australia removed carbon tax as it was costing the economy and doing little to
reduce emissions - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/australia-vs-canada-october-2017 or
http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/australia-s-carbon-tax-repealed-after-2-years-1.2709642
The other issue missing in the analysis is that carbon tax impact to GDP growth. Carbon tax will take
approximately $3B out of the economy.
http://business.financialpost.com/commodities/energy/ottawas-carbon-tax-plan-to-shrink-economy-by-
3-billion-hurt-loonie-in-2018-study
The person is formerly tied to Tides Foundation - https://www.hilltimes.com/2017/08/21/new-
environment-natural-resources-policy-adviser-joins-pmo/116282. Sarah Goodman was with the Tides
Foundation - http://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/tides-canada-names-sarah-goodman-vice-
president-business-development-and-services-537415491.html
Many jurisdictions have put pro-green agenda ahead of development of natural resources as such mine
rankings for provinces and territories has fallen over the past few years.
https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/annual-survey-of-mining-companies-2016

21. BLOG –
CANADA
AND
CLIMATE
CHANGE
We are faced with many dilemmas when it comes to government policies. We elect politicians based on their campaign promises. In many cases politicians fail to deliver on their promise. The Liberals for example keep telling people that economy and environmentgo and hand together “No country was better positioned to take
advantage of those new opportunities in the global economy than Canada. No country in the world had stronger assets and weaker leadership. No government got it more wrong than Harper’s. A Liberal government will make it right.
Tday, I’m here to announce our plan for real change for our environment, our economy, and our future. We need to take real action on climate change. Source - http://www.torontosun.com/2017/09/06/im-so-done-with-liberal-climate-nonsense or https://www.liberal.ca/realchange/real-change-a-new-plan-for-canadas-
environment-and-economy/
Since 2015 when the Liberals took office the exports have been driven by energy, metals and transportation equipment - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/merchandise-trade-canada-july-2017 (See slide 7). So, if Liberals think that we can go carbon free in a few years then they live in a fantasy world. The reality is that
clean technology companies have yet to show a profit - http://www.bnn.ca/awash-in-red-ink-canadian-clean-tech-struggling-despite-ottawa-s-green-goals-1.729679. Yet the government is moving forward with more moneys for SDTC fund. https://www.sdtc.ca/en/media-release/investments-made-ontario-will-lead-cutting-edge-
environmentally-friendly-technologies. Money for these funds comes from taxpayers like natural resource base corporation.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jW9GiWeQEgg
The second piece of the liberals push for carbon tax is blaming natural disasters on climate change
So, it is $1B cost a year for natural disasters?
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-carbon-tax-or-a-price-for-carbon
What triggers floods? Snow/rain, right? So, if we are warming up does not mean less rain?
Many forest fires are either started by lighting or are man-made? In fact provincialgovernments have scale back their forest management budgets - http://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/did-cuts-to-fire-program-budget-have-a-role-to-play-in-fort-mcmurray-fireor http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/ontario-government-
sues-cn-rail-for-millions-in-firefighting-costs-1.2927083 or https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/BC%20Office/2010/12/CCPA_BTN_forest_service_web.pdf
I am surprised she did not mention earthquakes? Earth is made up of plates.
How about what Greenpeace said on climate change - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktq55_d7TvU. Suzuki was ridiculeon Australia TV - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOK8JhgwmZ8&t=615s
Climate Minister - McKenna should go out and visit areas before jumping to conclusion that climate change is real! This is what weather expert said on climate change - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihnkZOEe378or https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C35pasCr6KI

22. SUPER METAL - VANADIUM
Source - https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/10/move-aside-lithium-vanadium-is-the-new-super-
metal.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fadvancednano+%28nextbigfuture%29
Forget oil or gold. Wars could even be fought over this unusual metal.
The scary part? None of it is produced in the United States. China, Russia and South Africa
control almost all of the global production, and we’re locked in the middle of a trade war.
Now United Battery Metals Corp (UBM; OTC:UBMCF) is one of the few companies providing
some hope.
As we speak, this tiny Colorado mineral explorer is sitting on an estimated resource of 2.7
million pounds of proven Element “V” reserves – estimated in an independent geologist’s 43-
101 technical report. And, that’s not all.
The company has nearly 800 acres of property consisting of 39 claims, and one of the top
exploration geologists in the western United States is on board.

23. CANADA AND
THE
ENVIRONMENT
Liberals never like to discuss stats, why?
Canada has always done well on the environment -
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/canada-ranks-high-in-sustainable-
development-study-finds/article26247197/
Canada's environmental ranking is still around the same ranking when Liberals took office.
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/taxing-the-environment-canada-july-2018.
Canada is rank#25
This is funny, because the stats do not show that is the case @JustinTrudeau and
@cathmckenna
https://ipolitics.ca/2018/07/26/mckenna-touts-team-trudeaus-environmental-protection-
efforts-in-kingston/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

24. Source - https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2017/03/china-begins-adjusting-true-cost-rare-earths-
decarbonization/
Rare Metals and the Environment
CHINA ENVIRONMENT FORUM // GUEST CONTRIBUTOR
As China Adjusts for “True Cost” of Rare Earths, What Does It Mean for Decarbonization?
March 21, 2017 By Hongqiao Liu
Known as the “vitamins of industry,” rare earths refer to a cluster of minerals widely used in
green technologies such as wind turbines, rechargeable batteries, and electric vehicles. Rare
earth elements embedded in these products keep them light, efficient, and affordable.
They’re essential to the decarbonization of the global economy envisioned in the Paris
Climate Agreement, agreed to by 192 countries in 2015. And we may soon face a significant
shortage, due in no small part to changes in China.
The U.S. Department of Energy and European Union have both issued warnings of impending
rare earths shortages. Medium and heavy rare earths, mined almost exclusively in China at
the moment, top the list with the highest risk of shortage.
Years of pollution suffered as the world’s dominant supplier of rare earths have taken their
toll on China’s soil, water, and people. In some cases, ponds of untreated tailing slurry have
led to severe radioactive contamination. As the government begins cracking down on illegal
mining and black markets and increasing environmental regulations, operation and
compliance costs are going up.
In the years ahead, China may struggle to meet domestic demand for rare earth minerals,
much less global, even as momentum for “green” technologies increases, according to a
report from China Water Risk.

25. OTHER
SOURCES:
http://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/government-
policies-sustainable-development-technology-
corporation-cleantech-canada
http://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/government-
policy-clean-technology-canada-programs-and-market-
information
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/the-art-of-
taxing-the-environment-pollution-tax