1. My career from technician to scientist-engineer   2. How Climate Change Impacts Hurricanes and Weather Extremes   3. Finding Truth, Evaluating “Fake News” which confuses Weather & Climate. 4. What we can do to stop global warming.

1. CLIMATE, HURRICANES, TRUTH:
CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS WEATHER
By Paul H. Carr, Ph.D
Air Force Research Laboratory, Emeritus.
www.MirrorOfNature.org
Photo: Hurricane Irma 2017

2. CLIMATE, HURRICANES, & TRUTH
1. My career from technician to scientist-
engineer
2. How Climate Change Impacts Hurricanes
and Weather Extremes
3. Finding Truth, Evaluating “Fake News”
which confuses Weather & Climate.
4. What we can do to stop global warming.

3. 3

4. 4
When I was 10, I heard on the radio that one
nuclear bomb had destroyed the Japanese City of
Hiroshima. This helpled end WWII in 1945

5. 5
PEACE-TIME, BOILING-WATER NUCLEAR REACTOR GENERATES
ELECTRICITY WITH NO CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS.

6. I loved reading ATOMS IN ACTION
when I was 14 years old.
The electrical attraction between the
positive proton and the negative
electron holds atoms together.
6
MIT Professor

7. 7
U-235 is
Radioactive.
92 protons
143 neutrons
Uranium U- 238 is stable.
92 protons
146 neutrons

8. 8
Fission of Uranium 235 into two medium
sized nuclei (fragments) + energy + more
neutrons. CHAIN REACTION

9. During the summer of 1955, after my Sophomore year at MIT,
I worked as a technician for Dr. Saul Isserow at
Nuclear Metals, Inc.
It's work evolved out of the MIT Metallurgical Laboratory.
“Produced natural uranium tubes for
Savannah River reactor program and
fabricated power reactor fuel elements
under AEC/NRC license.”

11. My Scholarship at MIT
The Leopold Schepp Foundation
The Leopold Schepp Foundation awards
educational scholarships to full time
undergraduate and graduate students who
demonstrate a combination of
fine character,
academic excellence,
financial need,
compassion,
a commitment to volunteerism and whose goal
will benefit mankind.

12. 12
Dr. Paul H. Carr, 25 years old, doing electronics research for
my Master’s Degree at the microwave laboratory,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Boston, MA.

13. 13
1980 Photo. Solar hot water heater panels I had installed on
my home in Bedford, MA in response the the threefold
increase in the price of oil. From $.30 to $1.00 /gal.

14. • Geologist M. King Hubbert predicted the 1970
peak in US oil production during 1956.
• A 2nd peak is forecast for 2020.

15. Verification of Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate Svante Arrhenius 1900
prediction.
A logarithmic increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) (blue) will raise the
temperature (green) via the Greenhouse Effect.

16. Increasing CO2 gas density in our atmospheric blanket is warming our
planet via the Greenhouse effect.
16

17. This global temperature chart is updated at Columbia University.
Data is based on GISTEMP analysis (mostly NOAA data sources) as described by Hansen et
al.
2016 & 2015
Warmest
years
On Record
“CO2 warming
should emerge
from the noise
of natural
variability
(1981)” Hansen
The mean rate of temperature change for NH, below 1.22 degrees C per century, 1750 -
1910, has increased to 5.10. (Non-governmental funded
http://berkeleyearth.lbl.gov/locations/42.59N-72.00W)

18. CLIMATE versus AVERAGE WEATHER
“Climate in a narrow sense is usually
defined as the average weather, or
more rigorously, as the statistical
description in terms of the mean and
variability of relevant quantities over
a period of time ranging from months
to thousands or millions of
years.” IPCC

19. 19
HURRICANES
ARE
HEAT ENGINES
They convert
thermal thermal
energy of the ocean
into kinetic energy
of the wind.
Ocean heat source.
Cold upper
atmosphere is the
heat sink.
Hurricanes
decrease when
they make land fall.

20. T
24 Aug 2005. Tropical
Storm Approaches
Southern Florida.
28 Aug 2005. Katrina,
Category 5 Hurricane,
gained energetic winds of
175 mph due to the
record high temperatures
of the Gulf of Mexico.
28 Aug 2005. Katrina,
Category 5, 175 mph
winds. Absorbed energy
from the record high
temperatures of the
Gulf of Mexico.
29 Aug 2005. Katrina
causes $100Bs damage to
New Orleans, LA
KATRINA: Tropical Storm to Hurricane

22. 22
Hurricane Harvey. Alexendre Jorge evacuated Ethan Colman, 4,
from a Houston neighborhood inundated by floodwaters on Aug
28, 2017. CreditCharlie Riedel/Associated Press Damage was $180 Billion.

23. 23
2017 Hurricane
Harvey, Texas, set
a new record of 52
inches for rainfall
from a single
storm.
2017 Hurricane
Irma set net
record: 3 days as
a Category 5
Hurricane.

24. Assessing the present and future probability
of Hurricane Harvey’s rainfall
Contributed by Kerry Emanuel, (reviewed by Cindy L. Bruyere,
Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, and James A. Smith)
Lorenz Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139,
October 4, 2017
http://www.pnas.org/content/114/48/12681
For the state of Texas, we estimate that the annual probability of
500 mm of area-integrated rainfall was about 1% in the period
1981–2000 and will increase to 18% over the period 2081–
2100, under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
AR5 representative concentration pathway 8.5 for CO2 emission
increases.
If the frequency of such event is increasing linearly between
these two periods, then in 2017 the annual probability would be
6%, a sixfold increase since the late 20th century

25. 25
2017 Hurricane Irma set new record, Category 5, 185 mi/hr wind speeds for 3 days.
Sept 8, major damage to Porto Rico, Florida Keys and Southwest FL up to Naples.

26. INITIAL PREDICTION: Hurricane Irama would most likely
come up the East Coast of Florida. Different paths were for
different initial conditions.

27. 27
Irma, Monday, Sept
11, 2017.
Flooding in Miami &
Jacksoville, FL,
Georgia, S
Carolina.

28. A darker Arctic is boosting global warming
From1979 to 2011, less reflecting ice, more absorbing water made
North Pole warm twice as fast as the rest of the earth.
http://www.pnaorg/content/early/2014/02/13/1318201111.abstract
Proc. National Academy of Science, Feb 18, 2014.
ARCTIC MELTING IN THE LAST 32 YEARS
SATELITE PHOTO
13

29. PAST COLD ARCTIC PRESENT WARMER ARCTIC
Higher pressure sub-tropic constrained
the low-pressure arctic
Lower pressure difference allows
waves of arctic air to invade the
South: Warmer & Colder Winters.
Cold Air Oscillates South from the Arctic
The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of our earth.
Therefore the temperature and the accompanying pressure difference that used to keep
arctic air up North comes South, bringing cold air to Atlanta & New Orleans.
The Winters of our Discontent Charles H. Green, Scientific American, pgs 51-55, Dec.2012

31. Meteorologist John Coleman, who co-founded The
Weather Channel, said
www.dailymail.co.uk/.../article.../Oct 23, 2014 - 'The ocean
is not rising significantly. The polar ice is increasing, not
melting away.
Is this statement published in the
non-peer reviewed Daily Mail
“fake news” from a climatology
perspective?

32. • The Sept 2012 minimum area set a record low.
• Sept 2013, 2014 is larger but not climate trend changing.
• http://nsidc.org/data/seaice_index/ Nat. Snow & Ice Data Ctr.
ARCTIC MELTING

33. Meteorologist John Coleman, who co-founded The
Weather Channel, said
www.dailymail.co.uk/.../article.../Oct 23, 2014 -
The polar ice is increasing, not melting away.
• Is this “Cherry Picking” of the data?
• Is this “fake news”?
• Is this a “lie”?

34. GILBERT — Fake news is a phrase you have probably heard a lot lately. But what is fake news? Nicole Miller, director of the
Gilbert Public Library, is holding a course to teach you how to analyze information and ascertain for yourself.

35. 35
Why are per person carbon emissions in the US twice those of Europe?
$0.30. Gasoline
$1.00
Gasoline 2X price
in US
Natural
gas
cheaper
than coal.

36. 10/9/15
www.
CitizensClimateLobby.org
- Revenue neutral
carbon fee with
dividend. (RNCFD)
-Dividend would be
returned to
everyone.
$2000 / family.
-Stimulating
economy & creating
2 million jobs.
- Stimulate Green
Energy Innovation.
True social cost of burning
fossil fuels.

37. 37
REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS HAS NOT WRECKED OUR
ECONOMY.

38. 38
3. Reduced Food Waste
(70.53)
4. Plant-Rich Diet
(66.11)
POPULATION
REDUCTION:
6. Educating Girls (59.60)
7. Family Planning
(59.60)

39. 39
Peter Kalmus,
PhD, atmospheric
scientist at
Caltech, lives with
his wife and 2
children on 1/10th
the fossil fuels of
the average
American.

40. 40

42. CLIMATE, HURRICANES, & TRUTH
1. My career from technician to scientist-
engineer
2. How Climate Change Impacts Hurricanes
and Weather Extremes
3. Finding Truth, Evaluating “Fake News”
which confuses Weather & Climate.
4. What we can do to stop global warming.