2. Serum Selenium Level and Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study G.POURMAND, M.D. Professor of Urology, Urology Research Center, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran Tehran, IRAN

3. Background  Essential trace element (1)  Meat, seafood, grains, eggs and etc (1)  Chemo-protective effects (2) 1- Combs GF Jr. 2004, Br J Cancer; Klein EA. 2004, J Urol; Platz EA and Helzlsouer KJ. 2001, Epidemiol Rev. 2- Redman C and Lee S. 1998, Cancer lett; Combs GF Jr. 2005, J Nutr; Kim YS and Milner J. 2001, Nutr Cancer.

5.  Various parts of the world   Other studies  ≠ Other reports

6. Objective Does selenium have any effect on Prostate Cancer?

12. Comparison of demographic and baseline characteristics of patients in both groups; (values are mean±SD)

13. Characteristic Cancer Group (n=62) Control Group (n=68) P value Age (yrs) 70.0±7.6 68.1±8.1 0.17 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 24.2±2.1 24.3±3.0 0.86 Se. Level (μg/L) 66.3±17.7 77.5±22.5 <0.002 FH of PCa 2(3.2%) 1(1.5%) 0.60 Smoking 0.46 Never 45(72.6%) 50(73.5%) Past 12(19.4%) 9(13.2%) Current 5(8.1%) 9(13.2%) PSA (ng/ml) 23.9±25.8 5.7±4.4 <0.001

14. Characteristic Cancer Group (n=62) Control Group (n=68) P value Tumor Grading - Low (GS<7) 17(27.4%) - Intermediate (GS=7) 22(35.5%) - High (GS>7) 23(37.1%) - Treatment procedure Surgery 24(38.7%) - Hormonal therapy 36(58.1%) - Radiotherapy 2(3.2%) - Nutritional selenium consumption 8.54±1.84 8.45±1.78 0.78

15. Association between age, BMI, smoking, serum selenium level and the risk of prostate cancer Variable OR 95%CI P value Age (yrs) 1.037 0.99-1.09 0.134 BMI (kg/m2) 1.000 0.87-1.15 0.999 Smoking habit Never 1 - - Former 0.935 0.34-2.26 0.896 Current 0.475 0.14-1.63 0.237 Selenium level (μg/L) <67.7 1 - - 67.7-89.29 0.478 0.21-1.10 0.084 ≥ 89.3 0.160 0.055-0.470 0.001

16. Correlation coefficients between serum selenium level and age, BMI, and PSA in controls group Variable Mean±SD Pearson r P value Age (yrs) 68.1±8.1 -0.19 0.12 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 24.3±3 -0.03 0.78 PSA (ng/ml) 5.75±4.4 0.03 0.83

20.  SELECT Trial  Plasma selenium decreases by aging  Role in progression  Smoking and selenium-prostate cancer association

21. Conclusion  Our study supports the hypothesis that selenium may protect prostate cancer  Supplementary selenium  Selenium-rich foods

22. Thank you for your time and attention