2.aircraft Emergency Equipments

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
EMERGENCY
FURNISHING
Aircraft Cabin Interior

EMERGENCY FURNISHING

„Safety or Emergency Equipment‟ refers to the following:
• Hand operated fire extinguishers and systems
• Emergency breathing equipment
• Passenger Life jackets
• Life rafts and dinghies
• Passenger escape chutes
• Seat belts and harnesses
• First Aid Kits

LOOSE & EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT
The equipment are as follows (but not limited to):
First Aid Kit.
Oxygen Masks – Adult and Infant
Crew Portable Oxygen Cylinders with Smoke Masks or any
other Portable Oxygen System that is similar and approved
(e.g. Protective Breathing Equipment).
Portable Therapeutic Oxygen Cylinders.
CO2 Fire Extinguishers. -Signal Flares
Flashlights. - Asbestos Gloves.
Smoke Goggles. - Crash Axe.
Megaphone. - Life Jackets.
Seat Belts including Extension and Infant seat belts.
Emergency Transmitter. -Tie Wrap (Hand Cuffs)

Fire Extinguisher
- Halon1211 - Red

SURVIVAL PACK

Hand Held Fire Extinguishers
• A minimum number of hand held fire extinguishers
must be provided in the passenger cabin to be of
the Halon 1211 type (BCF) and water extinguishers.
• clearly identified with water in a red container
and BCF is usually green
• The bottle itself has a full disc which is pushed
out as the trigger is depressed, giving indication
of a partially of fully discharged bottle.

Aircraft Interior Fire Extinguishers
Water Extinguishers
• Water extinguishers are for use primarily on non
electrical fires such as smoldering fabric
• Works by removing the heat (cooling)
• Should not be used on electrical fires because
of the danger of electrocution
• Not always the best option.

Halogenated hydrocarbon extinguishers
- Halon 1211(cabin) and Halon 1301
• Liquid Halon(Freons)is the only fire extinguishers that
won't choke you and won't damage aircraft
• Numbered according to their chemical formulas with 5 digits
number
First digit – number of carbon atoms in the compound
molecule
Second digit – the number of fluorine atoms
Third digit – the number of chlorine atoms
Fourth digit – the number of bromine atoms
Fifth digit – the number of iodine atoms

Halon-1211 more expensive than dry chemicals, but
worth the difference in price.
• Halon works to extinguish fires by using a liquid that
turns to gas when it is sprayed into a fire.
• The gas displaces oxygen to rob the fire of oxygen
and cause it to go out.
• If Halon sprayed into the air, it disappears almost as
soon as it is sprayed, but is highly effective in closed
areas

Hand Held Fire Extinguishers Inspection
• checked by weighing, some bottle have pressure
gauge with green and red indicator segments.
• Some have a test soft spot usually on the bottom
if this can be pressed in with finger the bottle
needs changing.
• Bottle should checked for damage, ensure transit
pin is removed, and the full disc or fired indicator
is intact.
• Ensure the validity of life date.

Hand Held Fire Extinguishers Inspection (cont)
• Written on the side of the extinguisher will be
the full weight at manufacture / overhaul.
• The type of extinguishant, manufacturer, details
of how to operate and the life date
• The bracket will require inspection whenever the
bottle is removed to ensure it is not damaged or
corroded and that the quick release mechanism
functions correctly

LIFE JACKETS

Lifejackets
-An aircraft operating over water beyond gliding
distance from land, a lifejacket for every person
on board must be carried.
- life jacket of an approved pattern must be
equipped with a waterproof light and whistle
- Lifejackets of a special design suitable for
children under 3 years of age need not carry a
whistle.
- Stowage for lifejackets must be easily accessible
and is usually stowed in a small valise in a pocket
under each passenger seat.

Servicing of Life Jackets
- is stored or is use must be inspected and tested as
specified in the A/C MM.
- may stipulate inspection after every 6 months of
service life with a more comprehensive inspection
after every 18 months, or it may stipulate a yearly
inspection
-Detailed instructions on the checks and inspection
found in the MM.

LIFE RAFT

Life-raft
# form of a survival pack, items packed with are:
• A means of maintaining buoyancy i.e. bellows, oral
inflation, leak stoppers.
– A sea anchor, to prevent drifting.
– Lifelines, a means of joining one life raft to
another.
– Paddles, means of propulsion on water.
– A means of protecting survivors from the
elements, canopy(Wind, Salt, Cold and Heat).
– A waterproof torch.
– Survival radio beacon.

• packed in a stowage and when required it is pushed
away from the aircraft on a static line attached to a
solid part of the aircraft.
• is inflated by a lanyard which operates the valve on a
CO2 bottle and inflate automatically.
• lines and rope ladders on the raft to enable persons
to get inside without difficulty.
• Because of the need to compress the packed life raft
and its equipment into a small volume, there is a risk
of damage to the creases due to vibration.
LIFE RAFT

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology LIFE RAFT

LIFE RAFT STOWAGE

Inspection and Servicing
Life-rafts are subject to general deterioration, in
addition to the risk of damage due to vibration, and
have to be inspected at specified intervals.
Inspection of Life-raft Fabric
• The fabric should be inspected for cuts, tears and
other damage.
CO2 Bottles
• The correct charge of a CO2 is determined by
weighing

Inflation Testing of Life-rafts
If the raft appears to be in good condition:
• Remove all CO2 bottle (s).
• Inflate the raft to 2 p.s.i.
• Allow at least 1 hour for air pressure in the raft to
adjust to ambient
temperature.
• Check pressure and re-adjust to 2 p.s.i if necessary.
• Allow the life-raft to stand for 24 hours.
• After that time the pressure should not have
dropped below 1 p.s.i.
• If the pressure is below 1 p.s.i. examine for
leakage with soapy
water solution.

Repairs to Life-rafts
• When leaks occur due to tears, abrasions or
punctures, repairs may be made according to the
manufacturers instruction manual.
• Replace mildewed or weak attachment lanyards
• Special attention must be paid to the lanyard that
operates the CO2 bottle.
• Metal parts must be checked for corrosion, clean,
repair or replace if defective.

Storage Preparation
Follow the manufacturers instructions.
• Lifejackets and rafts must be completely
deflated.
• Remove any easily detachable components and
store separately.
• Fit protection blanks or caps to inflation
valves and other connectors.
• Dust each jacket or raft with French chalk.
• Fold loosely.
• Wrap in waterproof paper; handling with care
to avoid damage.
• Place the items on shelves off the floors.

Storage of Life-jackets and Life-rafts
-must be stored under the following conditions:
• Room temperature between 15.5ºC to 21ºC.
• Free from strong sunlight.
• Free from ozone.
• A layer of corrugated card or other shock absorbent
material between each layer of articles.
• No more than 10 life-jackets on top of each other.
• No more than 3 life-rafts on top of each other.

Storage Preparation (cont)
Tie a label on the item on which is written the followings:
• Type, serial number of jacket or raft.
• Date of inflation test or inspection.
• Date of overhaul (Life).
• Date of next inspection and/or test.

Storage Limit Period
• Normal storage period is six months, after that time,
either the item is:
– opened up and inspected before further
storage, or opened up, inspected and tested
before being stowed for use in an aircraft.
• Life-jackets and life-rafts not packed ready for use on
an aircraft that are stored for more than 10 days
since the last test must be tested again before
being put into operational use on an aircraft.

SURVIVAL PACKS
• items for the survival of passengers after they have
been evacuated from the aircraft must
be stored in a separate container from the life-raft.
• to survive until rescued in other hostile environments
such as desert, arctic or jungle.
• requirements for the contents of packs
will vary according to the terrain over
which the aircraft flies.

Survival Packs Description
• Vary in size from aircraft to aircraft but must be
robust, portable, and give easy access to its contents
for crew and passengers who may be shocked or
injured.
• A typical survival pack is approximately 24.5 kg in
weight and its dimensions are approximately 51 x 40
x 20cm and the contents will vary according to the
general terrain of operation.
• a static line with a clip hook for attaching the pack to
the life-raft, cover is made of PVC coated nylon, has
two strong carrying handles.

Certain minimum requirements:
• Marine type pyrotechnical flares.
• A means of making sea-water drinkable if the full
amount of water detailed below is not carried.
• 4 persons on board the life-raft ½ litre of fresh
water in durable containers and 100 grams of
toffee tablet.
First aid equipment.
• Survival Radio Beacons.
• JAR. 25 paragraph 1415 requires that the
survival pack in which the above equipment is
kept must be attached to or stored adjacent to
the life-raft.

Servicing
• The opening, inspection and re-packing of
the contents of survival packs will be
described in the manufacturers handbook.
• packs contain life items such as water and
food.
• also contain pyrotechnics(signal flare) which
can be lethal if mishandled.

Servicing of First-Aid Kits
• At times specified in the Approved Maintenance
Schedule, after use or at anytime serviceability
is in doubt (e.g. dampness), the aircraft first-
aid kit must be removed and examined.
• Carried out by the airfield medical staff or a
good quality chemist.
• Bandages and other similar items should be
replaced, depending on their condition.
• Life items, such as drugs must be replaced.

Servicing of First-Aid Kits (cont)
• Metal items, such as scissors, forceps, safety
pins etc, should be checked for corrosion and
function.
• returned from servicing, should check that there
are no items missing according to the inventory
enclosed in the kit.
• A label is then attached with the date, signature
and authority of the inspector.
• The kit is then sealed with sealing wax and
returned to its stowage on the aircraft.
• An entry is then made in the relevant inspection
schedule sheet recording the servicing.

Inflatable Escape Slides
or Chutes

LIFE-RAFT

Inflatable Escape Slides or Chutes
These are required by Scale A of the 4th Schedule of
the ANO as amplified by JAR 25, paragraph. 809.
- equipment must not impede the access of exits and
entrances.
- required to be fitted to all aircraft where the sill any
exit is more than six feet (1.82m) above the ground
in any undercarriage configuration.

ESCAPE SLIDE REQUIREMENT
• Escape must be provided to allow
all passenger to evacuate within 90 second.
• Inflate slide must:
- Inflate in 10 second
- Inflate in 25kt wind and be held stable by no
more than one person.
- Be a double slide at type A exits.

- Each passenger and galley door serves
as an emergency exit, and is fitted with an
escape slide.
-are made to fit particular doors, slides for
the forward doors do not fit the aft door
and vice versa.
- are housed in fiberglass valises, contains an air
bottle and a pressure indicator indicating bottle
pressure.
Escape Slide

General Description (cont)
• Slide pack is held on the door by a harness and
support shelf.
• slide pack contains an inflatable escape slide,
inflation bottle and girt with a girt bar attached.
• An ‘Arm/Disarm’ lever, labelled ‘Engage/Detach’
connected to the mode select mechanism locks the
girt bar to the floor attachments.

Slide
assembly
Pressure
gauge
Manual inflation
handle
Decorative
cover
Cover
release cable
Girt bar
Girt

• Indicator is red lined for pressures below 2750 p.s.i.
is the minimum safe pressure for operating at 70 F.
Refer M.M.
• When the slides are “armed”, a girt bar
fits into brackets on the aircraft floor.
• Opening the door will activate the slide.
• Escape slide is armed when the doors are closed
prior to taxiing by cabin crew.

Escape Slide
Floor Bracket

Inadvertent deployment
• prevent by sounding an audible alert (voice)
when the door operator is about to open the
door in the armed position.
• constructed of urethane materials and
impregnated or coated with an aluminized
coating in order that the slide will survive for a
short while even if fire is nearby.
• Older slides are yellow and made of
neoprene/nylon fabric.

Emergency ESCAPE Window

General Description
• The inflation system consists of a slide inflation
pressure bottle; which is activated by a lanyard.
The bottle is packed with the slide inside the
pack.
• A pressure gauge on the bottle is visible through
a viewing window in the slide cover. The
pressure should be within the green band.
• An indicator light above the door will illuminates
when the slide system is engaged or armed.
• when the slide is armed, a block is mechanically
moved outward to indicate that the slide is
armed.

• Escape slide must be disengaged before the door is
opened normally.
• Opening the door using the external handle will
automatically disarm the slide to prevent
inadvertent slide deployment; always check this in
the aircraft maintenance manual.
• Before the aircraft taxies girt bar is fastened to
brackets located on the floor of the aircraft. It
remains there throughout the flight.

• If an emergency evacuation is needed on landing,
and the door is opened, the escape slide will
deploy in the usual way.
• For normal door operation, the girt bar is
snapped into spring loaded retaining clips at the
bottom of the door.
• Incorrect stowage of the girt bar could result in
inadvertent deployment of the slide.

Escape Slide Operation
• door is armed, the girt bar is locked to brackets fixed to
the floor.
• slide is deployed as the door is opened. At
approximately 90 degrees of door movement, a lanyard
attached to the support shelf latch releases, allowing
the slide pack to drop out of the door cover.
• As the door continues to rotate, the slide pack falls clear
of and below the door opening, outside the aircraft.
• The slide pack pulls the bottle inflation lanyard when it
has fallen a small distance below the door sill and the
slide inflates. Automatic inflation requires about five
seconds.

Manual Escape Slide Operation
• Should the automatic
system fail, the manual
inflation handle must be
pulled completely clear of
the slide to effect proper
inflation.
• Manual inflation handle is
labelled ‘Pull’ and is visible
when the slide is ejected
from its container.

Aspirator
• The slide inflation system incorporates an aspirator,
a form of jet pump.
• As the compressed gas from the inflation bottle
rushes past the aspirator inlets, atmospheric air is
drawn in to speed up inflation of the slide.
• When the rush of air ceases, the aspirator flap
valve closes. Pressure relief valves prevent over
inflation of the slide.

INSPECTIONS
Inspections in situ consist of:
– checking the inflation bottle pressure
through the viewing window
– examining the visible components for
damage and security, and
– functioning of the girt bar attach/detach
mechanism.

MAINTENANCE
• Airworthiness Notice require that all inflatable
escape slides which are automatically deployed
by the opening of doors, should be tested by
automatic release and inflation of the slide at
intervals not exceeding 18 months.
• Where release and inflation tests on a sampling
basis are already being performed as part of an
agreed Maintenance Reliability Programme, the
programme of tests may continue.

MAINTENANCE
• This is provided that on each aircraft type the
sample is such that 10 or 10% whichever is the
greater, of all the exit/slide.
• combinations in the fleet will have been tested
within an elapsed period of not more than 2 years.
• All deployment failures must be reported to the NAA
(Airworthiness Division/Safety Regulation Group).

Escape Slide Removal and Installation
• Always refer to the aircraft maintenance manual.
The following procedure is of a general nature.
– Close and lock the door. Ensure ARM/DISARM
lever in the disarm or detached position to
withdraw the girt bar bolts from the floor
brackets.
– Remove the door slide cover.
– Install the safety pin in the slide inflation bottle
mechanism. The safety pin is stowed in a pocket
on the slide pack.

Escape Slide Removal and Installation
– Great care is required in removing and installing
the slide pack. Force must not be exerted on the
girt.
– Tensioning the girt pulls the pack cover release
lanyards and releases the slide, requiring a repack.
– Detach the girt bolts from the door brackets and
rest the girt bar on the floor inboard of the
attachments
– Remove the slide pack from the door attachments
– Installation of the slide pack is essentially the
reverse of removal.

OVERHAUL OF SLIDES
• At specified intervals, the slide will be unpacked
and thoroughly inspected.
• The slide and its components will be checked for
serviceability.
• A pressure test will be carried out to ensure that
the slide does not leak more than an acceptable
amount.
• After inspection the slides are refitted in the
aircraft or placed in storage.
• Slides must be stored as specified by the
manufacturer.

Conversion of Escape Slide to Life-raft
• Very similar to a life-raft in construction can be
detached from the aircraft and converted into life-
rafts capable of carrying a large number of persons.
• To comply with the requirements of the Air
Navigation Order the slide needs to be fitted with
additional equipment and must not impede the
primary function of the slide as a means of
evacuation from the aircraft.
• Escape slides are fitted with their own independent
lighting system to facilitate evacuation during
darkness.

SMOKE HOOD

Smoke Hood
• As per authority requirement smoke hoods be
provided for all members of the flight crew.
• be sufficient to protect the eyes, nose and
mouth for not less than 15 minutes.
• Eye protection only is required for aircraft
restricted to 25,000 ft and below when the
aircraft is capable of descending to 10,000 ft
within 4 minutes.

Smoke Hood (cont)
• a protective device similar to a gas mask.
• A transparent airtight bag seals around the
head of the wearer while an air filter held in
the mouth connects to the outside atmosphere
and is used to breathe.
• to protect victims of fire from the effects of
smoke inhalation.
• High quality smoke hoods are generally
constructed of heat resistant material like
Kapton, and can withstand relatively high
temperatures.

Smoke Hood (cont)
• most important part is the filter that provides
protection from the toxic by-products of
combustion.
• designs utilize some form of activated charcoal
filter and particulate filter to screen out
corrosive fumes like ammonia and chlorine, as
well as acid gases like hydrogen chloride and
hydrogen sulfide.
• an effective smoke hood is the ability to convert
deadly carbon monoxide to relatively harmless
carbon dioxide through a catalytic process.

A typical smoke hood is illustrated and has a
small life support pack fitted to the hood
assembly which will provide at least 15 minutes
supply of oxygen.

Smoke Hood (cont)
• The life support pack is activated by pulling a
lanyard after the hood has been removed from its
sealed stowage case.
• The user ensures that the hood covers the head and
that the life support pack is behind the head.
• Pulling the lanyard starts a chemical reaction which
produces oxygen.

Smoke Hood (cont)
• The venturi ‘pumps’ the oxygen with filtered re-
circulated air from the hood, back into the hood.
• It ensures that oxygen is available for at least 15
minutes.
• When the noise of the airflow stops, the oxygen
generator has ceased operation and the hood must be
removed immediately, some types of smoke hood,
difficulty with inhalation indicates the end of the
operating time.

Smoke Hood (cont)
• A seal is fitted around the handle of the case and a
condition indicator is visible through a window.
• The date of expiry of the smoke hood is also shown.
• During maintenance checks ensure that the seal on
the handle is intact, check the condition indicator
and ensure that the smoke hood is not life expired.

Megaphones
• The ANO Schedule 4, Scale Y requires that if the
aircraft’s total seating capacity exceeds 19 but
does not exceed 149, one portable battery power
megaphone must be provided for a member of the
crew.
• The megaphone is provided so that instructions can
be clearly given to everyone in the passenger
compartment.
• Where the aircraft passenger seating capacity
exceeds 149 but is less than 200, then, two
megaphones are required.
• If the passenger seating capacity exceeds 199,
three megaphones must be carried.

Megaphones (cont)
• Megaphones are not an
approval item, but they
must be serviced i.a.w the
Manufacturers Maintenance
Manual.
• Megaphones must be stowed
adequately so that they can
withstand an inertia force
of 9G without becoming
loose.

THE END

2.aircraft Emergency Equipments

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