1.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNEACOLOGY
NURSING
Ques no:-4
IMP
QUESTIONS
PRESENTED BY
PAREKH KISHAN
P.B.B.Sc. NURSING

2.
Q.4)Described the Uterus (Marks :-5/8)
Covered the topics :-
- Structure
- Figure
- Position
- Layers
- Parts
- Function

3.
 Introduction
• The uterus (from Latin ”uterus”), or womb is a major female hormone-
responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and
most other mammals.
 Structure:-
----) The uterus is located within the pelvic region immediately
behind and almost overlying the bladder, and in front of
the sigmoid colon.
----) The human uterus is pear-shaped .
----) Size :- 7.6 cm (3.0 in) long,
4.5 cm (1.8 in) broad (side to side), and
3.0 cm (1.2 in) thick.
----) Weight :-A typical adult uterus weights about 60 grams.

4.
 The uterus can be divided anatomically into four regions:
• The Fundus – the uppermost rounded portion of the uterus,
• The Corpus (body),
• The Cervix, and
• The Cervical Canal.
---) The cervix protrudes into the vagina.
---) The uterus is held in position within the pelvis by ligaments,
which are part of the endopelvic fascia.
---) These ligaments include the the pubocervical ligaments,
the cardinal ligaments, and the uterosacral ligaments.
---) It is covered by a sheet-like fold of peritoneum, the broad
ligament.

5.
Position - It leans forward, which is known as anteversion, it
bends forwards on itself, which is known as anteflexion.
• Relation - anteriorly the bladder and posteriorly rectum
• Inferior - Below the uterus is the vagina
• Superior - above the uterus lie the intestine
• Lateral - on both sides of the walls are the broad ligaments, the
fallopian tubes and the ovaries.
• Supports - supported by the pelvic floor and maintained in position by several ligaments.
Ligaments are;
- Peritonial ligament :-
Broad ligament
- Genito inguinal ligament
Round ligament
- Ligaments formed by pelvic fascia
Transverse cervical ligament
Utero sacral ligament

6.
 Parts of the uterus
• The body or corpus - the upper 2/3 of the uterus and is the greater part.
• The fundus - the domed upper wall between the insertions of the fallopian
tubes.
• The cornua - are the upper outer angle of the uterus where the fallopian
tubes join.
• The cavity - is a potential space between the anterior and posterior walls.
• The isthmus - is a narrow area between the cavity and the cervix, which is
7mmlong. It enlarges during pregnancy to form the lower
uterine segment.
• The cervix or neck - protrudes in to the vagina.
• The internal os (mouth) - is the narrow opening between the isthmus and
the cervix
• The external os - is a small round opening at the lower end of the cervix.

7.
 Layers:- The uterus has three layers, of which the middle muscle layer
is by far the thickest.
• The endometrium: - forms a lining of ciliated epithelium (mucous
memberane) on a base of connective tissue or
stroma. It is constantly changing in thickness through
out the menustral cycle.
• The myomatrium or muscle coat: - is thick in the upper part of the uterus
and is sparser in the isthmus and
cervix. It has three parts: Outer
longitudinal, middle oblique and inner
circular.
• The perimetrium :- is a double serous memberane, an extension of the
peritoneum, which is dragged over the uterus.

8.
 Fallopian tube or uterine tube :-
 Function-Propels the ovum towards the uterus
--) Receives the spermatozoa as they travel up wards
--) provides a site for fertilization
--) It supplies the fertilized ovum with nutrition during
its continued journey to the uterus
 Position - extend laterally from the cornea of the uterus towards the
side walls of the pelvis
 Supports - are held in place by their attachment to the uterus.

9.
• Structure - Each tube is 10cm long. It has four portions
of - The interstitial portion is 1.25cm long and lies with in the
Fallopian wall of the uterus. Its lumen is 1 mm wide.
tube - The isthmus is another narrow part which extends for
2.5cm from the uterus
- The ampoule is the wider portion where fertilization
usually occurs. It is 5 cm long.
- The infundibulum is the funnel - shaped fingered end
which is composed of many process known as fimbriae.
- One fimbria is elongated to form the ovarian fimbria
which is attached to the ovary.

10.
 The ovaries
Function: - produce ova and the hormones estrogen and
progesterone
Position: - they are attached to the back of the broad ligament near
the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube.
OVARIE

11.
 Function :-
• The reproductive function of the uterus is to accept a fertilized ovum which
passes through the utero-tubal junction from the fallopian tube.
• The fertilized ovum divides to become a blastocyst, which implants into
the endometrium, and derives nourishment from blood vessels which develop
exclusively for this purpose.
• The fertilized ovum becomes an embryo, attaches to a wall of the uterus,
creates a placenta, and develops into a fetus (gestates) until childbirth. Due to
anatomical barriers such as the pelvis, the uterus is pushed partially into the
abdomen due to its expansion during pregnancy.
• Even during pregnancy the mass of a human uterus amounts to only about a
kilogram (2.2 pounds).
• The uterus also plays a role in sexual response, by directing blood flow to
the pelvis and ovaries, and to the external genitals, including the vagina, labia,
and clitoris.

12.
ANSWER ?