PROPOSAL WRITING

1. RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITINGRESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Dr. C. PARAMASIVAN,Dr. C. PARAMASIVAN,
Assistant Professor of Commerce
PERIYAR E.V.R.COLLEGE (Autonomous)
Tiruchirappalli
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITINGRESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Dr. C. PARAMASIVAN,Dr. C. PARAMASIVAN, Ph.D.Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Commerce
PERIYAR E.V.R.COLLEGE (Autonomous)
Tiruchirappalli - 23

2. WHAT IS RESEARCH ?WHAT IS RESEARCH ?
Research is considered
o explore the innovative
indings in almost all the
Modern technology and
o day life is the result of
Research in social science
chievements and appreciation
ustainable society in the
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
WHAT IS RESEARCH ?WHAT IS RESEARCH ?
considered as a powerful weapo
innovative ideas, informativ
the walk of human being.
and its application in da
of the valuable research.
science transformed man
appreciation to the se
the world.
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

3. PURPOSE OF RESEARCHPURPOSE OF RESEARCH
Academic Research
 M.Phil
 Ph.D.
 D.Litt./D.Sc.
Non academic Research
 Funding Institutions
UGC,DST,ICSSR,DRDO,TNSCST,TANSCHE
 Specialized Institutions
 Self Exploration / Passion
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
PURPOSE OF RESEARCHPURPOSE OF RESEARCH
Non academic Research
Funding Institutions -
UGC,DST,ICSSR,DRDO,TNSCST,TANSCHE
Specialized Institutions - Ministries & NGOs
Self Exploration / Passion
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

4. WHY RESEARCH ?WHY RESEARCH ?
Knowledge
Innovation
Advancement
Technology
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
WHY RESEARCH ?WHY RESEARCH ?
Advancement
Technology
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

5. QUALITY OF A GOOD RESEARCHQUALITY OF A GOOD RESEARCH
Systematic- step by step
Logical - valid reason
Empirical – evidence/proof
Replicable – further research
Result Orientation – socio economic reliabili
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
QUALITY OF A GOOD RESEARCHQUALITY OF A GOOD RESEARCH
step by step
valid reason
evidence/proof
further research
socio economic reliabili
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

6. Research Proposal with QuestionsResearch Proposal with Questions
What do you plan to accomplish?
Be clear and concise in defining the
Why do you want to do it?
You must conduct a thorough
onvincing evidence that it is a topic worthy
How are you going to do it?
If you're having trouble to formulating
nvestigating.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Research Proposal with QuestionsResearch Proposal with Questions
accomplish?
the research problem
review of the literature and prov
worthy of study.
formulating a research problem to prop
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

7. Before Writing ProposalBefore Writing Proposal
What do I want to study?
Why is the topic important?
How is it significant within the subject areas covered?
What problems will it help solve?
How does it build upon research already conducted on th
topic?
Can I get it done in the time available?
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Before Writing ProposalBefore Writing Proposal
How is it significant within the subject areas covered?
What problems will it help solve?
How does it build upon research already conducted on th
Can I get it done in the time available?
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

8. Contents of the ProposalContents of the Proposal
1. Introduction
2. Background and Significance
3. Literature Review
4. Statement of the Problem
5. Objectives of the Study
6. Research Design and Methods
7. Implications
8. Time Budget
9. Conclusion
10. References
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Contents of the ProposalContents of the Proposal
Background and Significance
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
Research Design and Methods
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

9. IntroductionIntroduction
After reading the
readers should not
understanding of what you
should also be able to
passion for the topic and
study's possible outcomes
Note that most proposals
abstract before the introduction
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
the introduction, you
not only have an
you want to do, but they
to gain a sense of your
and be excited about the
outcomes.
proposals do not include an
introduction.
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

10. Introduction as a Narrative Written in OnIntroduction as a Narrative Written in On
to Three Paragraphsto Three Paragraphs
What is the central research
What is the topic of
problem?
What methods should
research problem?
Why is this important
 What is its significance
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Introduction as a Narrative Written in OnIntroduction as a Narrative Written in On
research problem?
of study related to tha
should be used to analyze th
important research?
significance?
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

11. Background and SignificanceBackground and Significance
This section can
ntroduction or you can
section to help with
narrative flow of your
This is where you explain
your proposal and describe
t's important.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Background and SignificanceBackground and Significance
be melded into your
can create a separate
the organization and
your proposal.
explain the context o
describe in detail why
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

12. There areThere are no hard and fast rules, youno hard and fast rules, you
houldhould followfollow thethe key pointskey points
State the research problem
etailed explanation about the
Present the rationale
nd clearly indicate why it is
Describe the major
ddressed by your research
Be sure to note how your
n previous assumptions about
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
no hard and fast rules, youno hard and fast rules, you
key pointskey points
problem and give a mor
the purpose of the study.
rationale of your proposed stud
is worth doing.
issues or problems to b
research.
your proposed study build
about the research problem
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

13. Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Connected to
significance of your study
proposal devoted to a more
synthesis of prior studies
problem under investigation
The problem identified
linked to other studies
literature delineating the
investigation.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
the background an
study is a section of you
more deliberate review an
studies related to the research
investigation.
identified should be logicall
studies on the theme in th
the need for the presen
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

14. Five C’s of Writing Literature ReviewFive C’s of Writing Literature Review
Cite, so as to keep the primary focus
esearch problem.
Compare the various arguments,
xpressed in the literature: what do the authors
Contrast the various arguments, themes,
ontroversies expressed in the literature
isagreement, controversy, or debate?
Critique the literature: Which arguments
Which approaches, findings, methodologies
ppropriate, and why?
Connect the literature to your own
oes your own work draw upon, depart
erspective to what has been said in the literature?
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Five C’s of Writing Literature ReviewFive C’s of Writing Literature Review
focus on the literature pertinent to you
arguments, theories, methodologies, and findin
authors agree on?
themes, methodologies, approaches, an
literature: what are the major areas
arguments are more persuasive, and wh
methodologies seem most reliable, valid,
area of research and investigation: ho
depart from, synthesize, or add a ne
literature?
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

15. Statement of the ProblemStatement of the Problem
A problem statement is a brief
be addressed by a problem solving
em before they try to solve a problem
A statement of the problem is
ngth that outlines the problem addressed
The statement of the problem should
hat is the problem that the research
he primary purpose of a problem statement
e problem solving team.
problem statement is a statement that
e event.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Statement of the ProblemStatement of the Problem
brief description of the issues that ne
solving team and should be presented
problem.
a claim of one or two sentences
addressed by a study.
should briefly address the questio
research will address?
statement is to focus the attention
that briefly sums up the problem f
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

16. A good problem statement shouldA good problem statement should
answer these questionsanswer these questions
What is the problem? This
is needed.
Who has the problem or
This should explain who needs
decide the problem has been solved
What is the scope and
resources, technologies) that
problem?
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
A good problem statement shouldA good problem statement should
answer these questionsanswer these questions
This should explain why the team
or who is the client/customer?
needs the solution and who wil
solved.
limitations (in time, money
that can be used to solve the
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

17. Objectives of the StudyObjectives of the Study
This should list in clear
main objectives
The aim of the work,
of the study, should be
defined.
4 /5 objectives should be
It should basic and background
and chapter scheme.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Objectives of the StudyObjectives of the Study
clear and precise terms the
work, i.e. the overall purpose
be clearly and concisely
be in the proposal
background for hypothesis
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

18. ObjectivesObjectives are Subsidiaryare Subsidiary
Are the steps you are going to
questions or a specific list of tasks
goals of the project
Emphasize how aims are to be
Must be highly focused and feasible
Address the more immediate project
Make accurate use of concepts
Must be sensible and precisely
Should read as an 'individual'
ntentions
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
are Subsidiaryare Subsidiary
to take to answer your researc
tasks needed to accomplish th
be accomplished
feasible
project outcomes
concepts
precisely described
'individual' statement to convey you
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

19. Research Design and MethodsResearch Design and Methods
This section must
ogically organized because
doing the research.
Describe the overall
Be specific about
approaches.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Research Design and MethodsResearch Design and Methods
be well-written an
because you are not actuall
overall research design .
about the methodologica
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

20. It consists ofIt consists of
Nature of research: The study
Coverage: The proposal should
tudy, sampling frame, sampling
observation etc.
Data Collection: The proposal
of data, tools and techniques for
proposed data
Data Analysis: It should indicate
proposed to be used in data processing,
ontent analysis, indices/scaling techniques
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
involve which type of research
should clearly indicate the universe of th
methods, sampling size, units
should indicate sources of data typ
collection of various categories
indicate the statistical techniques, if an
processing, specific packages for data analysi
techniques proposed to be used etc.
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

21. mplicationsmplications
The purpose of this section
n what ways you believe
evise, or extend existing
rea under investigation.
Depending on the aims
udy, describe how the anticipated
uture scholarly research,
nterventions, or policy making
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
section is to argue how an
your research will refin
knowledge in the subje
aims and objectives of you
anticipated results will impa
theory, practice, forms o
making.
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

22. The Potential Implications of Your StudyThe Potential Implications of Your Study
What might the results mean in regards
e study?
What suggestions for subsequent research
e study?
What will the results mean to practitioners
Will the results influence programs, methods,
How might the results contribute to the solution
oblems?
Will the results influence policy decisions?
In what way do individuals or groups benefit
What will be improved or changed as a result
How will the results of the study be implemented,
out?
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
The Potential Implications of Your StudyThe Potential Implications of Your Study
to the theoretical framework that underpi
research could arise from the potential outcomes
practitioners in the natural settings of their workplace?
methods, and/or forms of intervention?
solution of social, economic, or other types
decisions?
benefit should your study be pursued?
result of the proposed research?
implemented, and what innovations will com
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

23. Time BudgetTime Budget
The project should be broken up
required for completion of each stage
1. Preparatory work
2. Pilot study
3. Drawing of sample
4. Tool construction
5. Data collection
6. Data processing
7. Data analysis
8. Report writing
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
up in suitable stages and the time
stage of work should be specified
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

24. ConclusionConclusion
The conclusion reiterates
ignificance of your proposal
ummary of the entire study
This section should
paragraphs long, emphasizing
problem is worth investigating,
tudy is unique, and
xisting knowledge.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
reiterates the importance o
proposal and provides a brie
study.
should be only one or tw
emphasizing why the researc
investigating, why your researc
how it should advanc
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

25. Reading this section should comeReading this section should come
away with an understandingaway with an understanding
Why the study should be done
The specific purpose of the
questions it attempts to answer
The decision to why the research
used where chosen over other
The potential implications
proposed study of the research
A sense of how your study
scholarship about the research
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Reading this section should comeReading this section should come
away with an understandingaway with an understanding
done
the study and the researc
answer
research design and method
other options
implications emerging from you
research problem
study fits within the broade
research problem
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

26. References
As with any scholarly
cite the sources you used
proposal.
References - lists only
actually used or cited in your
Adequate number of
added
Alphabetical order of
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
scholarly research paper, you mus
used in composing you
only the literature that you
your proposal.
of references should b
of reference
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

27. Methods of writing reference
Bibliographies are typically
o one of three styles:
American Psychological
cientific papers
Modern Language
humanities papers
Chicago Manual of Style
ournals.
RESEARCHPROPOSAL WRITING DR.C.PARAMASIVAN
Methods of writing reference
typically formatted accordin
Psychological Association (APA) fo
Association (MLA) fo
Style (CMS) for books an
RESEARCHPROPOSAL WRITING DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

28. Beforesubmityourproposal….
Find out the funding agencies
Thrust area
Background of your specialization
Publish one or two articles
Institutional support
Infrastructural facilities
Commitment
Time constraint
RESEARCHPROPOSAL WRITING DR.C.PARAMASIVAN
Beforesubmityourproposal….
Find out the funding agencies
Background of your specialization
RESEARCHPROPOSAL WRITING DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

29. Questions
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
Questions
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN

30. THANKS FOR YOUR PATIENCE
RESEARCH PROPOSAL WRITING
THANKS FOR YOUR PATIENCE
DR.C.PARAMASIVAN