IEEE Research Paper Modeling & simulation of proposed 100 KW solar PV array power plant for MMMUT Gorakhpur

1. Modeling & Simulation of Proposed 100 KW Solar
PV Array Power Plant for MMMUT Gorakhpur
Pappu Jaiswal
Department of Electrical Engineering
MMMUT, Gorakhpur, India
12234pj@gmail.com
Dr. S. K. Srivastava
Department of Electrical Engineering
MMMUT, Gorakhpur, India
sudhirksri05@gmail.com
Kishan Bhushan Sahay
Department of Electrical Engineering
MMMUT, Gorakhpur, India
kishansahay16@gmail.com
Abstract —This paper presents the modeling & simulation of
100 KW grid connected Solar Power Plant on MATLAB. The
renewable energy sources such as the solar and wind offers clean,
green and abundant energy. As the power demand increasing the
power failure also increases so that the renewable energy can be
used to provide the constant load demand continuously. Due to
environmental condition PV array is influenced and conversion
efficiency becomes low. So a maximum power tracking known as
MPPT technique is needed to detect the peak power in order
maximize the energy produced. In this paper the development of
PV array model, their integration & Simulink implementation
are described. MPPT control is beneficial to ensure the output of
PV power generation system at the maximum possible power
output level. This system consist solar array, IGBT inverter. The
performance of power plant is also described with characteristics
as obtained.
Index Terms--- MPPT, photovoltaic, IGBT inverter, scope,
transformer, grid.
I. INTRODUCTION
A PV systems depends on highly transient energy sources
& exhibit strong short-term and seasonal variations in their
energy outputs. There is the need of some storing device which
can store energy when the demand is less and can act as the
source of energy when the demand is at its peak. Batteries are
most commonly used to store the energy but the problem is that
they lose 1 to 5 percent of their energy per hour thus can be
utilized for storing of energy for a short period of time.
Presently we lack any practical storing device which store the
energy generated from the renewable sources, permanently.
Thus the best way to utilize the excess energy generated from
the renewable source is by the connection of the source with
the grid. Various modeling studies over the world on PV power
system have been conducted to develop a grid-connected
photovoltaic model using PSCAD for electromagnetic transient
analysis and thus increasing the efficiency and proper
utilization of the generated power. [1]- [5].
There is the need of much advanced level environmental
friendly technology in order to meet the growing energy need
of the world. There is a need of sustainable development i.e.
meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising with the capability of the upcoming generation
to meet their own need. Solar energy is a clean energy and can
help in sustainable development. Solar Photovoltaic is a key
technology option in front of us to reach to the described
energy supply and is projected to emerge as a new electricity
energy source of future. [6]- [8].
India is in the equatorial sun belt of the earth, therefore
receiving sufficient amount intensity of radiated from the sun.
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) maintains a
network of radiation stations which measures the solar
radiation and they also measure the duration of sunshine in a
day. In India, 250 to 300 days have clear sunny weather thus
receiving the annual global radiation varying from 1600 to
2200 KWh/square meter which is quite comparable with
radiation received in the tropical regions. The solar energy has
a great potential of about 6,000 million GWh of energy per
year. Rajasthan and northern Gujarat receive the highest annual
global radiation. In Rajasthan, has tons of land which is barren
and very less populated so as making these areas suitable for
large central power stations based on solar energy.[9]-[12].
Gorakhpur is located in the eastern Uttar Pradesh (INDIA).
It receives maximum solar radiation every year. These areas
has high population density and hence the large power demand.
In order to meet the demand of the energy the govt. of India
decided to install a 100KW solar power plant in the Madan
Mohan Malaviya University of Technology under green
campus environment.
In this paper study, a detailed simulation model of a PV
array connected to the grid is proposed. Implementation of The
modeling and simulation is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK
R14a.
The paper has been organized in nine sections. Section II
presents the overview of neural network used & modelling.
Section III discusses the modelling & selection of PV array.
Site description & cost estimation are presented in Section IV.
Section V deals with the MPPT technique used. Section VI
discuss simulation & its results. Section VIII discuss the
conclusion and future work.
II. SYSTEM DISCRIPTION AND MODELLING
In this section, the dynamic & detailed simulation model is
described for grid connected photovoltaic generation system.
The developed system consists of one 100KW photovoltaic
array, dc/dc converter, IGBT inverter with an isolated
transformer, designed for achieving the maximum power point,
utility grid, ac-dc thyristor controlled bridge rectifier, a
metering system, storage battery. The proposed block diagram
and simulation representation are shown in Fig. 1.
The energy obtained from the sun in the form of photon is
converted into DC power using PV panels, which may use to
charge battery or is converted to AC power using power
inverter followed by smart metering technique which helps to
supply a desired power to university campus & rest must be
supplied to the utility grid.

2. Fig. 1. Block diagram of proposed system.
The block diagram shown above Fig.1. Is the simple
representation of how energy is transferred and is converted in
different forms Energy from the sun is received by the PV array
and this PV array converts this energy from the sun into
electrical energy which is D.C. in nature therefore in order to
supply this electrical energy to the grid this energy needs to be
converted to A.C. for this task we use a inverter thus inverter
helps in converting this D.C. supply into three phase A.C. after
this we use a transformer which increases the voltage of this
supply and after this the voltage of this supply becomes equal
to the voltage of the grid. Thus block diagram gives as an idea
of this whole thing is going to take place i.e. solar grid
integration.
III. MODELLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
In PV panels solar the cells are the basic components and
it is made of silicon. A solar cell is generally a p-n junction
which is made of silicon. It is made up of two different layers
when a smaller quantity of impurity atoms added to it. The
process of adding impurity is known as doping. A PV system
convert’s sunlight in to electricity and the PV cell is the basic
device of the photovoltaic system. Many number of Cells are
combined and grouped together to form a PV panels or solar
modules and form a large photovoltaic arrays. The solar arrays
are combination of number of cells connected in series or in
parallel group of panels to get required power generation.
There are many stages in PV system which is connected to the
grid like PV array, inverter transformer reactive compensators.
In this paper a control approach for interfacing the PV array
with DC-DC converter. The power injected into the grid from
the PV panel through two stages. In first stage in order to
enhance the DC voltage level of PV panel the PV array is
connected to the DC-DC converter. The MPPT technique is
used to track the point from where maximum power can be
achieved. In second stage through grid connected IGBT based
inverter control dc power is converted into ac power.
The voltage Vs power characteristics and voltage Vs
current characteristics of a solar cell is mainly dependent on the
solar radiations as shown in Fig. 2.
.
Fig. 2. P-V characteristics of solar arra
IV. SITE DESCRIPTION & COST ESTIMATION
The Gorakhpur is located in the eastern part of Uttar
Pradesh. It lies within Lat. 26° 13′ N and 27° 29′ N and Long.
83° 05′ E and 83° 56′ E. The city is at the distance of 270km
from state capital i.e. the capital of Uttar Pradesh Lucknow.
The project is going to install by the government of India under
green campus environment in Madan Mohan Malaviya
University of Technology Gorakhpur. This is the 1st solar
based power plant in the area. Table I represents cost
estimation for 100 KW Solar PV grid integration system. Fig 3
& 4 shows the simulation of solar cell & PV array.
TABLE I
BILL MATERIAL OF 100KW SOLAR POWER PLANT
WITH BATTERY BACKUP
Components Cost / unit
RS
Total
cost
RS
Inverter 50000/KW 20 1000000
Main junction box 8000 10 80000
Cables 2000/KW 100 200000
Solar
panels,200KW@STC
35/KW 500 3850000
FUSES & disconnetcs 3000 set 300000
Mounting structure 8000/KW 100 880000
Combiner box 10000 20 200000
Protection switches 500 39 19500
Energy monitering
meter
200000 1 200000

3. Battery,12V/200Ah 12000 50 600000
Monitoring system &
Remote control
200000 1 200000
Total 7303010
Project management
design & engineering
10% 730300
Installation & transport 10% 730300
Miscellaneous 6% 438180
Vat 5.5% 401665
Total cost 9604795
V. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
With the change in the location of sun and the direction of the
sun rays the power output of the solar power module changes.
In Power vs. Voltage curve of the solar module there is only
one maxima obtained of power which corresponds to the
particular value of current and voltage. Since the efficiency of
the power module is less therefore it would be beneficial to
operate it at the peak power point so that maximum power
supply from the module can be achieved. Losses in
transformer, cabling, inverter and transmission systems, which
can be easily measured in many cases. An IGBT based inverter
is used to convert the dc supply received from PV array into the
ac supply and thus which can be very easily fed into the utility
grid or be used by the home appliances which are basically
made to work on the ac supply. These inverters are used to
connect the PV array to the grid through the transformers.
These inverters use PWM technique and are IGBT based
The efficiency of the inverter is measured on the basis of its
ability to convert the ac into dc. Presently available inverters
have efficiency of about 95 percent to 98.5 percent and thus
choice of correct inverter is very important aspect in the design
process of power plant. The less efficient inverters can be used
in the isolated systems or the grid tie. Inverters with efficiency
less than 95 percent are readily available in the market.
.
VI. SIMULATION & RESULTS
Here is a detailed model of a 100-kW PV array connected to a
33-kV grid and then ultimately to the main grid via a DC to
DC converter and a three-phase three-level IGBT/DIODE
inverter and through the transformer. Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) is implemented in the converter by means of
a Simulink model using the “Incremental Conductance + pulse
width modulation” technique.
The MPPT controller is based on the “Perturb and Observe”
technique which is implemented with the help of the Matlab
Fig. 3. Simulation of 100KW solar array
Fig. 4. 100KW grid connected PV array

4. Fig. 5. PWM inverter
PWM inverters being more effective are gradually replacing
other types of inverters in various industrial applications.
PWM technique uses constant amplitude pulses. The width of
these pulses is varied to obtain output voltage control and also
to reduce the harmonic content. Various types of PWM
techniques are single pulse modulation, multiple pulse
modulation and sinusoidal pulse modulation. With STPWM
control, the switches of the inverter are controlled based on a
comparisons of a sinusoidal control signal and a triangular
reference switching signal. The sinusoidal control waveform
gives the required fundamental frequency as output, whereas
the other waveform i.e. the triangular waveform gives the
switching frequency of the inverter. The ratio of frequency of
the triangle wave and the sinusoidal wave is referred to as the
modulation frequency ratio of the inverter. Fig 5 gives the
modelling of PWM inverter.
Fig. 6. Simulation of utility grid
The utility grid, shown in fig. 6 is basically the distribution
and the transmission system which transfers the electricity
from the alternator located away from the load (the generation
from coal or hydro or wind) and thus passing through various
substations and voltage level it finally reaches to the
distribution substation from where the power supply is
provided to the consumer at the reduced voltage level. The
joining of various distribution and generating substation helps
in the formation of the grid which helps in maintaining the
continuous power supply economically and with less
hindrance. This can be understood in a much better way when
compared to the water supply system in the water supply
system the water is taken from the tank which is situated at the
top of the building and thus at higher potential and water
travelling down through the pipes reaches to tap from where it
is used by the consumer.
Fig.7. DC Output from PV array.

5. Fig.8. Simulation model of 100 KW Grid Connected Solar Power Plant.
Fig.9. AC output obtained from scope 1.
The major input for proposed 100KW PV model were PV
panel temperature, solar irradiations and PV manufacturing
data sheet information is listed as shown below. Table II
represents solar module (100KW) specification & the result
of the simulation are shown in fig. 9 to 11.
TABLE II
SOLAR MODULE (100 KW) SPECIFICATION
Solar module (100KW) specification
Voltage at peak 54.7V
Current at peak 5.58A
Rating 37.06V
No. of cell per module 96
No. of parallel strings 66
No. of series connected
module per string
5
Short circuit current 5.96A
Open circuit voltage 64.2V

6. Fig. 10. Phase voltages of transformer.
Fig. 11. Line voltages of transformer
VII. SOLAR PV APPLCATIONS IN INDIA
The applications of solar PV is very different in India as
compared to the outside world. Globally 75 percent of total
installed capacity is connected to grid whereas only 25
percent is off-grid. In India approximately entire installed
capacity is off grid and has got very small capacity
application, and most common application is public lighting
such as traffic lights, street lights and for some small
household applications. With recent advancement is also
being used for the powering water pumps and in industrial
areas. Major consumers of PV Solar systems in India are
railways and telecom.
VIII. CONCLUSIONS
This paper proposes installation of a simple MPPT based
100KW PV solar power plant. The simulation of the
proposed system is done in the MATLAB-SIMULINK
R14a. This method has got various advantages attached to it
which are: high response, excellent tracking efficiency and
the controllability of the extracted power, ecofriendly
pollution free energy, reduced pollutants in environment etc.
The simulation results show the Current & voltage
characteristics and power & voltage characteristics of
modeled PV array.
Installation of 100 KW at MMMUT Gorakhpur, will not
only help in reducing the energy crisis inside college but its
connection with the grid will help in supplying the excess
energy to the outside world. This project is very useful and
if implemented at a bigger scale then this might even
decrease the energy crisis which would be like a boon for a
developing country like India. Nowadays when pollution is
becoming a bigger problem than energy crisis at some
places eco-friendly projects like this should be given more
importance. With the implementation of these projects one
will not only solve the problems like energy crisis but also
problems like pollution.
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