Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.

1. CHILD
ABUSE
ISHANI BISHT
AND
PANKAJ SINGH RANA
SRHU, HCON

2. INTRODUCTION
• Few social problem have as profound an impact on the
wellbeing of children as child abuse and neglect. Parental
surveys indicate that several million adults admit to
physical violence against their children each year and
many more adults report abusive experience as children.
• Child abuse is parental behavior destructive to the
normal physical or emotional development of a child.
Child abuse is not limited to one age group can be
detected at any age.
• The age group of children from birth to 3 years expect
that highest number of victim of child abuse, with girls
being abused more frequently than boys.

3. • Abuse in the family can take various forms. Parent
and caregiver can abuse child, spouses or other
family member. Child abuse can have a significant
negative impact on the child growth and
development and physical and emotional health.
• In some cases, domestic violence or parental
substance abuse may lead to child abuse. Abusive
parents can be found at all socioeconomic levels,
but families with greater finical means may be able
to evade detection more easily.
• Low income families show greater evidence of
violence, neglect, and several abuse according to
some studies.

4. DEFINATION
“A child abuse or maltreatment as forms of
physical and emotional ill treatment, sexual
abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or
commercial exploration that results in actual or
potential harm to the child health, survival,
development or dignity in the context of a
relationship or responsibility trust or power”
-(WHO)

6. TYPES
PHYSICAL ABUSE –
• Physical abuse may occur when the care giver is
unfamiliar with normal child behavior and caregiver
become frustrated when child does not behave as they
expect.
• These are the acts of commission by a care giver that
cause actual physical harm or have the potential for
harm. When the child resists the care giver control or
seems to do the opposite of what is expected the care
giver may take it as a personal often and become angry,
possibly responding with physical punishment

8. • Physical punishment leave marks, causes injury or
threatened the Childs physical and emotional well being.
• Various physical punishments are
• Burn ( most common)
• Cigarette burns
• Immersion of hand in hot liquid
• Slapping
• Beating with stick or belt.

10. EMOTIONAL ABUSE
• Failure of the care giver to provide an appropriate
and supportive environment including the acts that
adversely effect the emotional health and
development of child.
• Verbal abuse are difficult to identify but had a
serious and lasting effect than physical abuse

11. • Various emotional abuse are
• Verbal abuse such as humiliation, scapegoating
• Unrealistic expectations with belting
• Erratic discipline

12. • Emotional unavailability when care giver are absorbed in their
own problems
• Insufficient or poor nurturing or threatening to leave the child or
otherwise end the relationship
• Role reversal in which child must take on the role of parenting
the parent and is blamed for the parents problem.
• Children may show sign of emotional abuse by appearing
worried or fearful or having vague complaints or illness or
nightmare.
• In young children failure to thrive may be a sign of emotional
abuse. In the other child, poor school performance and
attendance, poor self esteem, and poor peer relationship may
be clue.

13. NEGLET
• The failure of the parent/ guardian to provide for the
development of child where he/she is in a position to do
so in form of health education, emotional development,
nutrition, shelter, and safe living condition
• Neglect is distinguished from circumstances of poverty
where there is reasonable resources are available to the
caregiver.
Example- a child had serious burn and the caregiver is do
not take child for treatment.
The child with failure to thrive is under fed, deprived of love,
constantly criticized.

15. SEXUAL ABUSE
• These acts when caregiver use child for sexual
gratification. Sexual abuse has been existed in all
age, culture, religion or ethnic boundaries
• “ the employment, use, pervasion, inducement,
enticement or coercion of any child to engage
in, or assist any other person to engage in an
sexually explicit conduct”
- ( federal child abuse prevention
and treatment act )

16. Sexual contact include
Folding of breast and gentitalia
Intercourse
Oral genital contact
exhibitionism
Voyeurism
When there is sexual assault of a child the caregiver
becomes aware of the incident, should be promptly
reported and took child for physical examination

17. • The child may exhibit various physical complaint like
various ache and pain, gastrointestinal upset,
changes in bowel and bladder habits, nightmare
and acts of aggression and hostility.
• In most of the cases the diagnosis is made by the
history of the child.

18. CAUSES
• Economical inequality
• Lack of social safety need
• Encouraging harsh physical punishment
• Substance abuse
• Unemployment and financial difficulties
• poverty

19. MANIFESTATION
PHYSICAL ABUSE
• Fracture
• Redness of abused area
• Burn marks
• Scars
• Head injury or injury to internal organ

20. SEXUAL ABUSE
• Infection
• Genital injury
• Abdominal injury or pain
• Constipation
• Chronic or recurrent urinary
infection
• Behavior problem

21. EMOTIONAL
ABUSE
• Depressed
• Anxiety
• Afraid

22. NEGLECT
• Failure to thrive
• Failure to seek basic health care
• Immunization and deprivation of education
• Basic nutrition needs
• Poor hygiene
• Substance abuse
• Inadequate supervision

23. DIGNOSIS
• HISTORY COLLECTION
• PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
• Inspection of genital and anus or scars and burn over body
• Identify the presence of blood or semen on child
• Injury to oral mucosa, breast, thighs should be over looked
• FORENSIC EVIDENCE COLLECTION
• LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
• Use of nucleic acid implication testing for screening STD in
sexual abused child

25. PREVENTION
• Prevention child abuse should be a part of national
agenda. In India abuse of children is a major social and
public health problem especially socially marginalized
and economical backward groups such as children in
urban slums and children on street and children of
construction worker.
• Health Education of children
• Timely health care and routine examination
• Healthy nutrition
• Sanitation facilities

26. TREATMENT
• To provide a safe environment to prevent
further harm
• Separating the child, as well as, any other
children in the household, form the person
suspected of abuse
• Cognitive behavioral therapy was designed
for children who have experienced physical
abuse.
• Any physical injuries will be treated, either in
a hospital or at a doctors office, depending
on how serious they are.

27. • Counseling may involve play therapy
• Talk therapy also called psychotherapy can
be used
• Cognitive behavioral therapy helps an
abused child to better manage distressing
feelings.

28. Thank you