1) The document discusses servicing and safety standards for R-290 air conditioning systems, including the importance of keeping systems sealed and leak-free. 2) It emphasizes that only well-trained experts who are aware of their responsibilities should service HC refrigerant systems, and outlines what content should be included in standard refrigeration training, such as principles of refrigeration, components, refrigerants, and safety practices. 3) The training is intended for all personnel working with HC appliances and systems, from design to disposal, and certification of both individual technicians and companies is recommended.

1. Servicing and Safetyof R-290 Air-Conditioning PROKLIMA Rolf Huehren for GIZ PROKLIMA

3. Design and installation of HC – RAC equipment according the specific standards (EN378)

4. Further, conversion of existing HCFC equipment for the operation with R-290

5. Conversion of CFC/HFC equipment for the operation with R-600a and R-290 or mixtures of both

7. Optimised heat exchanger

8. Intelligent control system

10. Training Objective Training is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, development and sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviors to enhance the performance of employees.

11. Training Driven by RAC Business Needs (some important examples) To comply with laws, regulations and standards that force changes in the sectors To improve demand on installation, service and maintenance quality in order to reduce costs (refrigerant, replacement parts, number of call-outs) and to maintain best possible system energy efficiency To meet increasingly sophisticated requirements from the sectors (AC, food processing, retail, construction...) To compete with local & international competition To find employment and to optimise career path

14. Demand on Safety for HC use Accident prevention Site safety Safety of equipment and tools Fire precaution and alarm procedures Basic fire fighting

15. Who should be trained? Involved personnel dealing with HC appliances and systems - from their conception to destruction - needs to develop knowledge and skills to apply best practices including strategic risk assessment schemes for system installation, servicing, retrofitting and conversion to HC refrigerants. This will imply: Training activities in theory and practical matters. The scope of training is related to the actual work responsibilities of employers, constructors, observers, manufacturing lines assemblers, sales staff, installation companies or workshop owners and practical service engineers and technicians.

16. Standard Refrigeration Training Content (examples) Basics Principles of refrigeration Components of a refrigeration system Refrigerants and lubricants Electrical control circuits and components Definitions; air-conditioning; refrigeration industrial, commercial, domestic Service and maintenance procedures, code of best practices, trouble shooting RAC system design and lay out and system hermetisation(to maintain a sealed system)

17. Sealed System Provision

18. Standard Refrigeration Training Content (examples) Tubing Brazing Reduction of mechanical connections Purging air from pipe-work with Oxygen Free and Dry Nitrogen (OFDN) Tube and components joining by press-connectors Bending Tube supports and vibration elimination Thermal insulation

19. Brazing &OFDN

20. Pressing

21. Standard Refrigeration Training Content (examples) HC - RAC Thermodynamic properties and significant differences compared with CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs Safety and risk assessment (SOI, etc.) Design of systems using HCs as refrigerant, standards and regulations Specific tools and system components Cylinder properties, storage and transport Safe refrigerant handling including charging and recovery Leakage control and strength testing (again OFDN) System / Appliance decommissioning

22. Appropriate Tools and Equipment

24. Approach for Training and Certification Each country’s legislation should prescribe certification at the company level and for the engineers and technician Companies need to have a minimum of required appropriate equipment and tools Engineers and technicians must have the required knowledge and skills Certificates should testify these competences Refrigerants only in the hands of certified companies engineers and technicians Equipment users will have the possibility to identify if company and personnel can perform the intended job

25. Benefits of Authorisation Scheme Improving the standards of installation, service and maintenance for RAC equipment, creating higher efficiency and lower energy consumption (emissions) The RAC equipment is reliable and its economic life is prolonged End-users are more satisfied because of lower costs and no need for additional repairs and/or early replacement There will be a market demand for educated technicians applying better service practices Receiving a register of competent companies and technicians and sustainable information about the consumed refrigerants

27. Best practice in refrigeration GIZ PROKLIMA Publications

28. Thank you very much for your attention!