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CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future


                 International Workshop on Next-Generation
            Technologies for Mobile Vehicles’ Air Conditioning
                                     New Dehli, 7 June 2010




                                            Marc Chasserot

                                        Managing Director

                                                       shecco
agenda



๏ about shecco
๏ ATMOsphere 2010
๏ CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
about shecco


๏ innovative _ B2B marketing & communications company

๏ focus _ climate friendly technologies

๏ expertise _ HVAC&R and transport sectors

๏ mission _ climate-friendly technologies faster to market
b2b platforms
R744.com                   ammonia21.com             hydrocarbons21.com




๏ 1200+ articles about Natural Refrigerants

๏ 1 million+ page views

๏ 6000+ experts (incl. policy), 150+ countries

๏ 500+ technical papers about natural refrigerants
global community

                   ๏   summer 2010: launch of
                       world’s only natural
                       refrigerants b2b
                       networking tool

                   ๏   global map of community

                   ๏   share knowledge and ideas

                   ๏   send instant messages

                   ๏   explore business
                       opportunities

                   ๏   plan your business trip &
                       set up meetings
agenda



๏ about shecco
๏ ATMOsphere 2010
๏ CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
ATMOsphere 2009
๏ international conference, 19-20 oct, brussels belgium

๏ “natural refrigerants faster to market”

๏ what did it achieve?

๏ policy (UNEP, TEAP, World Bank, European Commission, national
  ministries) & industry experts

๏ launch of “THENATURALVOICE” - global industry statement as
  recommendation to COP 15 & beyond

๏ data gathering about industry needs in developing countries

๏ introduction of anti-HFC bill in UK government; input for
  GreenChill guidelines in the USA
ATMOsphere 2010
๏ international WORKSHOP about the “HOW” to bring natural refrigerants
  faster to market

๏ brussels, 27-28 Sept 2010

๏ interactive workshop concept with small groups and equal distribution of
  stakeholders (policy, industry, NGOs, associations, end-users, academia)

๏ 150 participants - 30 moderators - 25 speakers - 4 applications - 1
  summary report to be distributed at UN level meetings & trade fairs

๏ special focus on developing countries
  (funded travel & discount rates for participants)

๏ confirmed speakers: UNIDO, UNEP, TEAP, US EPA,
  European Commission, European Parliament
THENATURALVOICE

                          ๏ global campaign for natural
                            refrigerants

                          ๏ joint industry statement in
                            favour of CO2, ammonia,
                            hydrocarbons

                          ๏ target: UN policy makers

                          ๏ call for knowledge exchange,
                            removal of barriers

                          ๏   launched Q4 2009

www.THENATURALVOICE.org   ๏ 80+ signatories
THENATURALVOICE - Signatories
THENATURALVOICE - Signatories
THENATURALVOICE - Signatories
THENATURALVOICE - Signatories
agenda



๏ about shecco
๏ ATMOsphere 2010
๏ CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
Development overview
          of
   R744 MAC Systems
     (1988 – 2010)

   Dr. Armin Hafner                Frank Wolf
     Research Scientist            Vice President
           SINTEF              OBRIST Engineering GmbH
         NORWAY                       AUSTRIA
!!!!! Armin.Hafner@sintef.no       f.wolf@obrist.at




                                                         16
The idea of transcritical R744 system was born




                                                 17
First successful experimental investigations




                                               18
The beginning of R744 MAC




                            19
20
R744 Heat pump investigations in 2001




                                        21
World’s first R744 Car Air Conditioning system




                                        Courtesy, Denso




and even with a heat pump option!


                                                          22
23
24
TIER I suppliers were ready for R744...




                                          Wolf (2007)




                                                        25
Test Results - R744 MAC




                          26
Development achievements

! System Performance

Wieschollek and Heckt (2007) investigated the fuel consumption of a Toyota
   Yaris equipped with a 1.0 dm3 petrol engine, a conventional HFC MAC
   system and an R744 MAC system.


Applying the R744 MAC system reduced the additional fuel consumption
   due to AC by:
   25%, 0,56 dm3/100km in a NEDC at 35 °C ambient temperature
   (HFC134a 1.97 dm3/100km versus R744 1.41 dm3/100km).




                                                                             27
Medium size car, Europe




                          28
Medium size car, Europe


                                  NEDC Fuel over-consumption HFC-134a versus R744
Fuel over-consumption [l/100km]




                                                                         Text


                                              Ambient Temperature [°C]




                                                                                    29
Small car, Europe




                    30
LCCP - Europe


! Results, case study: Europe


                                                                               ! HFC MAC system emits GHG:
                                                                                  ! 2.4 - 3.5 metric tonnes (Athens,
                          50                                                        depending on leakages)
                                  –6                                              ! Up to 1.2 metric tonnes
                                          3%
                                                                                    (Trondheim, Norway)
                                                                               based on
                                                                                  ! 12.500 km/a
                                                                                  ! 12 years of driving


Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007




! 50 – 63 % reduction if R744 is applied


                                                                                                                       31
LCCP - Europe


! Results, case study: Europe


                                                                               ! HFC MAC requires fuel:
                                                                                  ! 824 liters in Athens
                          50                                                      ! 53 liters in Trondheim
                             –6
                           25% 3                                               based on
                                              %
                                                                                  ! 12.500 km/a
                                                                                  ! 12 years of driving




Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007




! 25 % fuel savings if R744 is applied


                                                                                                             32
LCCP - China & India


! Results, case study: India & China


                                                                               ! HFC MAC system emits GHG:
                                                                                  ! 10 to 14 metric tonnes (India)
                          50                                                      ! 5 metric tonnes (China)
                             –6
                            40%3 %                                             based on
                                                                                  ! 15.000 km/a
                                                                                  ! 15 years of driving




Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007




! 40 % reduction if R744 is applied


                                                                                                                     33
LCCP - China & India


! Results, case study: India & China


                                                                              ! HFC MAC requires fuel:
                                                                                 ! 3039 - 3509 liters in (India)
                         50                                                      ! 2170 - 2654 liters in (China)
                            –6
                        32 40 3 %                                             based on
                           - 4%
                              0%                                                 ! 15.000 km/a
                                                                                 ! 15 years of driving




Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007




! 32 - 40 % fuel savings if R744 is applied


                                                                                                                   34
LCCP Summary - Asia


The estimated fuel saving potential and reduction of GHG
  emissions per 1.000.000 cars by introducing R744 MAC
  systems instead of continuing with HFC 134a MAC units in
  Asia are:

! in the Shanghai area:
   ! 18.000 m3 of petrol
   ! 172.000 metric tonnes of GHG emissions


! in New Delhi:
   ! 57.000 m3 of petrol
   ! 300.000 metric tonnes of GHG emissions (CO2 eq.)

  !   More information: http://www.r744.com/articles/2009-07-07-green-mac-lccp-finds-r744-to-perform-best.php ;




                                                                                                                  35
CO2 MAC today & tomorrow

๏ conventional passenger cars: R744 has been sidelined by OEMs in
  Europe, USA

๏ electric vehicles: R744 has still high potential, due to its
  compatibility with electronic components and its heat pump
  functionality allowing for both cooling and heating

     ๏ development of compact and efficient thermal management
       system for li-ion system in electric vehicles1

๏ buses: R744 systems are now introduced by Germany’s biggest
  public transport company in Berlin to cool its bus fleet

๏ trains: potential currently tested in real-life conditions2
   1 http://www.r744.com/articles/2009-09-18-iaa-ixetic-displays-r744-lithium-ion-battery-cooling-for-evs.php

   2 http://www.r744.com/articles/2010-04-12-exclusive-interview-with-petter-neksa-about-the-future-of-r744.php
CO2 beyond MAC


๏ heat pumps: used in more than 2 million residential, commercial,
  industrial Japanese Eco-Cute models; rising interest from Europe,
  North America

๏ supermarkets: cascade systems accepted as standard option in
  Europe; 100% market share for HFC-free systems in Denmark;
  strongly rising markets in Germany & UK; rising interest in USA/
  Canada; more and more global food retailers committed to R744

๏ beverage coolers: commitment of Coca-Cola and other consumer
  brands to invest only in CO2 (and hydrocarbons) as the most
  sustainable refrigerant available

๏ still higher future technology potential
take home message


R744 is the global MAC refrigerant for the
long-term future with the highest
confidence regarding safety, fuel efficiency,
flexibility regarding future developments
(heat pumping units) and system
improvement potential!

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CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future

  • 2. CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future International Workshop on Next-Generation Technologies for Mobile Vehicles’ Air Conditioning New Dehli, 7 June 2010 Marc Chasserot Managing Director shecco
  • 3. agenda ๏ about shecco ๏ ATMOsphere 2010 ๏ CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
  • 4. about shecco ๏ innovative _ B2B marketing & communications company ๏ focus _ climate friendly technologies ๏ expertise _ HVAC&R and transport sectors ๏ mission _ climate-friendly technologies faster to market
  • 5. b2b platforms R744.com ammonia21.com hydrocarbons21.com ๏ 1200+ articles about Natural Refrigerants ๏ 1 million+ page views ๏ 6000+ experts (incl. policy), 150+ countries ๏ 500+ technical papers about natural refrigerants
  • 6. global community ๏ summer 2010: launch of world’s only natural refrigerants b2b networking tool ๏ global map of community ๏ share knowledge and ideas ๏ send instant messages ๏ explore business opportunities ๏ plan your business trip & set up meetings
  • 7. agenda ๏ about shecco ๏ ATMOsphere 2010 ๏ CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
  • 8. ATMOsphere 2009 ๏ international conference, 19-20 oct, brussels belgium ๏ “natural refrigerants faster to market” ๏ what did it achieve? ๏ policy (UNEP, TEAP, World Bank, European Commission, national ministries) & industry experts ๏ launch of “THENATURALVOICE” - global industry statement as recommendation to COP 15 & beyond ๏ data gathering about industry needs in developing countries ๏ introduction of anti-HFC bill in UK government; input for GreenChill guidelines in the USA
  • 9. ATMOsphere 2010 ๏ international WORKSHOP about the “HOW” to bring natural refrigerants faster to market ๏ brussels, 27-28 Sept 2010 ๏ interactive workshop concept with small groups and equal distribution of stakeholders (policy, industry, NGOs, associations, end-users, academia) ๏ 150 participants - 30 moderators - 25 speakers - 4 applications - 1 summary report to be distributed at UN level meetings & trade fairs ๏ special focus on developing countries (funded travel & discount rates for participants) ๏ confirmed speakers: UNIDO, UNEP, TEAP, US EPA, European Commission, European Parliament
  • 10. THENATURALVOICE ๏ global campaign for natural refrigerants ๏ joint industry statement in favour of CO2, ammonia, hydrocarbons ๏ target: UN policy makers ๏ call for knowledge exchange, removal of barriers ๏ launched Q4 2009 www.THENATURALVOICE.org ๏ 80+ signatories
  • 15. agenda ๏ about shecco ๏ ATMOsphere 2010 ๏ CO2 in MAC - History, Present & Future
  • 16. Development overview of R744 MAC Systems (1988 – 2010) Dr. Armin Hafner Frank Wolf Research Scientist Vice President SINTEF OBRIST Engineering GmbH NORWAY AUSTRIA !!!!! Armin.Hafner@sintef.no f.wolf@obrist.at 16
  • 17. The idea of transcritical R744 system was born 17
  • 18. First successful experimental investigations 18
  • 19. The beginning of R744 MAC 19
  • 20. 20
  • 21. R744 Heat pump investigations in 2001 21
  • 22. World’s first R744 Car Air Conditioning system Courtesy, Denso and even with a heat pump option! 22
  • 23. 23
  • 24. 24
  • 25. TIER I suppliers were ready for R744... Wolf (2007) 25
  • 26. Test Results - R744 MAC 26
  • 27. Development achievements ! System Performance Wieschollek and Heckt (2007) investigated the fuel consumption of a Toyota Yaris equipped with a 1.0 dm3 petrol engine, a conventional HFC MAC system and an R744 MAC system. Applying the R744 MAC system reduced the additional fuel consumption due to AC by: 25%, 0,56 dm3/100km in a NEDC at 35 °C ambient temperature (HFC134a 1.97 dm3/100km versus R744 1.41 dm3/100km). 27
  • 28. Medium size car, Europe 28
  • 29. Medium size car, Europe NEDC Fuel over-consumption HFC-134a versus R744 Fuel over-consumption [l/100km] Text Ambient Temperature [°C] 29
  • 31. LCCP - Europe ! Results, case study: Europe ! HFC MAC system emits GHG: ! 2.4 - 3.5 metric tonnes (Athens, 50 depending on leakages) –6 ! Up to 1.2 metric tonnes 3% (Trondheim, Norway) based on ! 12.500 km/a ! 12 years of driving Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007 ! 50 – 63 % reduction if R744 is applied 31
  • 32. LCCP - Europe ! Results, case study: Europe ! HFC MAC requires fuel: ! 824 liters in Athens 50 ! 53 liters in Trondheim –6 25% 3 based on % ! 12.500 km/a ! 12 years of driving Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007 ! 25 % fuel savings if R744 is applied 32
  • 33. LCCP - China & India ! Results, case study: India & China ! HFC MAC system emits GHG: ! 10 to 14 metric tonnes (India) 50 ! 5 metric tonnes (China) –6 40%3 % based on ! 15.000 km/a ! 15 years of driving Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007 ! 40 % reduction if R744 is applied 33
  • 34. LCCP - China & India ! Results, case study: India & China ! HFC MAC requires fuel: ! 3039 - 3509 liters in (India) 50 ! 2170 - 2654 liters in (China) –6 32 40 3 % based on - 4% 0% ! 15.000 km/a ! 15 years of driving Ref: 2nd International Workshop on Mobile Air Conditioning and Auxiliary Systems. Orbassano 2007 ! 32 - 40 % fuel savings if R744 is applied 34
  • 35. LCCP Summary - Asia The estimated fuel saving potential and reduction of GHG emissions per 1.000.000 cars by introducing R744 MAC systems instead of continuing with HFC 134a MAC units in Asia are: ! in the Shanghai area: ! 18.000 m3 of petrol ! 172.000 metric tonnes of GHG emissions ! in New Delhi: ! 57.000 m3 of petrol ! 300.000 metric tonnes of GHG emissions (CO2 eq.) ! More information: http://www.r744.com/articles/2009-07-07-green-mac-lccp-finds-r744-to-perform-best.php ; 35
  • 36. CO2 MAC today & tomorrow ๏ conventional passenger cars: R744 has been sidelined by OEMs in Europe, USA ๏ electric vehicles: R744 has still high potential, due to its compatibility with electronic components and its heat pump functionality allowing for both cooling and heating ๏ development of compact and efficient thermal management system for li-ion system in electric vehicles1 ๏ buses: R744 systems are now introduced by Germany’s biggest public transport company in Berlin to cool its bus fleet ๏ trains: potential currently tested in real-life conditions2 1 http://www.r744.com/articles/2009-09-18-iaa-ixetic-displays-r744-lithium-ion-battery-cooling-for-evs.php 2 http://www.r744.com/articles/2010-04-12-exclusive-interview-with-petter-neksa-about-the-future-of-r744.php
  • 37. CO2 beyond MAC ๏ heat pumps: used in more than 2 million residential, commercial, industrial Japanese Eco-Cute models; rising interest from Europe, North America ๏ supermarkets: cascade systems accepted as standard option in Europe; 100% market share for HFC-free systems in Denmark; strongly rising markets in Germany & UK; rising interest in USA/ Canada; more and more global food retailers committed to R744 ๏ beverage coolers: commitment of Coca-Cola and other consumer brands to invest only in CO2 (and hydrocarbons) as the most sustainable refrigerant available ๏ still higher future technology potential
  • 38. take home message R744 is the global MAC refrigerant for the long-term future with the highest confidence regarding safety, fuel efficiency, flexibility regarding future developments (heat pumping units) and system improvement potential!