Cataloguing and classification

Oyewole olawale
2014
oyewolebaba01@yahoo.com

Cataloguing in simple terms is the description of
information resources, bringing out the
important features and linking the users with
the resources.
TYPES OF CATALOGUING
 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUING
 SUBJECT CATALOGUING
 CLASSIFIICATION

This is the process of describing
information resources by bringing
out the essential bibliographic
elements as outlined by the Anglo
American Cataloguing Rules 2
(AACR2).

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Heading/entry/access point
Title and statement of responsibility
Edition
Imprint
Collation
Series statement
Notes area
ISBN

The heading could be:
1. Author’s name (main
author/joint author)
2. Title
3. Subject
4. Series title





The title is the exact title as it is on
the book. At times titles include
subtitle.
Statement of responsibility refers to
the individual or individuals who
is/are responsible for the intellectual
content of the book.

This refers to the edition statement as
seen from the book. Edition
statement is written as 2nd ed. 3rd ed.
4th ed. And so on. Note however that
there is nothing like 1st edition

Imprint includes:
I.
Place of publication- the exact place and not
country (Ibadan and not Nigeria). Except for
United States where the name of both place
and city is given
II.
Publishers name- the publishers name
only, with PLC, and son etc
III. Date of publication-year only

This can also be called physical description
area. The content here includes :
 Number of preliminary pages in Roman
figures
 Number of Arabic pages
 If the book is illustrated
 The dimension of the book in
centimeters.

Not all books belong to series. Series are
publications produced by the same
publisher but for different intended
users. If a book is in series it would be
written on the book. The series statement
is written immediately after the collation
inside bracket.

This is an area meant for all types of
information that can not be fixed with
the elements of description. In books
however, this area takes care of Index
and Bibliography. So if the book contains
the two, they are recorded.

This is a unique number that is issued to
the book usually by the National Library.
Every standard book should have one, it
is an identifier that stamps approval on
the book and also on the author of the
book. This is the last element included
when conducting descriptive cataloguing





Title and statement of responsibility area (:)
used to separate the title from sub title.
diagonal slash (/) used the separate statement
of responsibility and the title of the book.
imprint area- (:) separates the place of
publication from the publisher
(,) is used to separate the publisher from the
date of publication.

Collation area:
, separate the preliminary pages from text
pages
: separate full text pages from illustrative
material
; separates the illustrative material from the
dimension
Series area. ( ) series title is enclosed in
brackets.

Akinbo, O
How to excel in examinations: a step by step
approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: University
Press, 2014.
ix, 240p. : illus; 23cm (examination series)
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9

Once descriptive cataloguing ends the next
step is subject cataloguing. This has to
do with the process of determining the
subject of a book by examining all to
relevant pages, in order to arrive at a
subject which will be standardized and
controlled by a subject heading lists.

1.

2.

3.

Library of Congress Subject
Heading Lists (LSCH)
Sears Lists of Subject Headings
(SLSH)
Thesaurus

Check through these parts of the book
Title page

Table of contents

Preface, introduction, the text, publishers blurb,
index

bibliography

If no subject clue from all these parts, consult an expert.
Once the subject is known-

Standardize using subject
heading lists (LCSH/SLSH)

Akinbo, O
Press, 2014.
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
1. Education-examinations
This is gotten from the subject heading
after the cataloguer has gone through the relevant parts of the book and
arrives at a subject, which is then controlled by the subject heading.

In the layout of a catalogue entry, just after the
subject is the space for added entries. What are
added entries? They are fields or terms that are
used to locate a particular book apart from the
main entry.
The author’s name is the main entry but at
times, a book may be written by more than one
author and two authors cannot be used as
heading. So the other author (s) names are
entered as added entries.

Other added entries apart from joint
author (s) are; title and series. They
are usually preceded with Roman
figure rendering:
Example: I. title II. Joint author III.
series

Identify the main and added entries in the
following titles:
1. Football in Nigeria by O. Ojo and P. Apan.
2. History of the world by P. Obi
3. Librarianship in Africa by U. Uzo, R. Oni and
R. Audu
4. Information for development by R. Bada. The
book is a part of the information series

1.

2.
3.

4.

Main entry-Ojo. O. Added entries-Apan.
P and title
Main entry-Obi. P. Added entry- title
Main entry-Uzo. U. Added entries- Oni.
R and Audu. R and title
Main entry-Bada. R. Added entries – title
and series



THIS SYMBOLIZES THAT APART
FROM THE MAIN CARD,
ADDITIONAL CARDS WILL BE
MADE WHERE THE ADDED
ENTRIES WILL BE MADE THE
ACCESS OR ENTRY POINT JUST
LIKE THE MAIN ACCESS POINT
IN THE FIRST CARDS.

Akinbo, O
Press, 2014.
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
I. title II. Series

The combination of the subject and the
added entries is called tracing. This
means that the book can still be
traced by the subject, title, name of
joint author (s) and the series.

Akinbo, O
approach/ O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan University
Press, 2014.
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
I. title II. Series

Education-examinations
Akinbo, O
Press, 2014.
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
I. title II. Series

approach
Akinbo, O
Press, 2014.
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
I. title II. Series

Examination series
Akinbo, O
Press, 2014.
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
I. title II. Series

Akinbo, O
approach/ O. Akinbo and O. Oyewole.- 2nd ed. Ibadan:
University Press, 2014.
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
I. title II. Oyewole. O (jt auth) III. series

The first added entry will be made
for the subject, title, Oyewole
and lastly for series. So the card
for Oyewole. O will be made
before that of the series.

Oyewole. O
Akinbo, O
approach/ O. Akinbo and O. Oyewole.- 2nd ed. Ibadan:
University Press, 2014
It includes: Index
Bibliography
ISBN: 978-978-665-876-9
I. title II. Oyewole. O (jt auth) III. series

As in the example used, the added
entries are:
1. Subject
2. Title
3. Joint Author
4. Series

A DISCUSSION OF CATALOGUING WITHOUT
CLASSIFICATION WILL NOT BE
COMPLETE. CLASSIFICATION ADDS
MEANING TO CATALOGUING, IT MAKES
THE WHOLE PROCESS USEFUL
EVENTUALLY TO THE USERS.
THIS PRESENTATION WILL TAKE A BIRD’SEYE VIEW OF CLASSIFICATION OF BOOKS

Classification is as important as cataloguing, the
two processes go hand in hand. Cataloguing
without classification is a waste, classification
adds usefulness to the catalogue. Classification
in librarianship simply means grouping of
information materials according to subjects for
easy retrieval of information.
classification deals with parking and marking
of information materials.

Parking has to do with bringing books on related
subjects together. As such physics will be close
to chemistry, while government will be close to
political science. The subject relationship is the
hallmark, this helps users to have access to
books who share subject relationship. It would
not be in the interest of the users if for example
books on religion and social sciences are
shelved together, what relationship do they
have in the area of subject mutuality?

This has to do with giving an appropriate
notation so that the books that have been
catalogued can be logically arranged and easily
retrieved by the users. The marking process
allocates the class number for the book, it is this
number that gives the right location and
address of the book on the shelve. With
this, even if the library is as big as two standard
football fields, the needed book can be
retrieved within a short time with the class
number which the marking aspect of
classification provides.

Classification schemes facilitate
the process of classification.
Classification schemes are
arrangement and outline of main
classes of subject, including their
divisions and sub divisions in a
systematic order with their
assigned class number.

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

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Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme (DDC)
Library of Congress Classification Scheme (LC)
Universal Decimal Classification Scheme
(UDC)
Colon Classification Scheme (CC)
BLISS Classification Scheme
AND THE LIKES. THE EMPHASIS HERE
IS ON DDC.




Developed in 1876 by Melvil Dewey
Groups knowledge into 10 main classes
000-999
Generalities
100-199
Philosophy and Psychology
200-299
Religion
300-399
Social Sciences
400-499
Languages
500-599
Sciences
600-699
Technology





700-799
Arts
800-899
Literature
900-999
History
Produced in four volumes
Volume 1 Tables and Manual
Volume 2&3 Schedules
Volume 4 Relative Index
DDC uses pure notation

Classification should not be done from the index.
The index presents a list of all the main subjects
and main aspects of subject with their
appropriate classification number, the
classification number for further subject
division cannot be retrieved from the index.
For example , if a book has the title- Agriculture
in Nigeria. The main subject no doubt is
Agriculture, the classification number for that
which is 630 can be gotten from the index of
DDC

But a book with the title – Agricultural Practices in
Nigeria will need more than an index to get the
appropriate classification number. This is because
the classification number for Agricultural Practices
is not in the index, the schedule (Vol 3 of DDC)
needs to be consulted for that. The index can only
lead the classifier to the classification number of
the broad subject which is Agriculture, and if the
schedule is consulted under 630, more aspects of
Agriculture will be outlined with their class
numbers and practices will definitely be there.
Hypothetical it could be 634.

But that is not all, this is because the title of the book
is Agricultural practices in Nigeria. The
classification number for Nigeria must also be
provided, where can that be found-the index? Nothe schedule? No- the table? Exactly the table. The
table is also consulted for sub division of all sorts.
Presently the DDC has reduced the number of
tables to 6 from 7. The table that contains the
number for Nigeria is table 2, which is 669. so 669
is added to the hypothetical class number for
Agricultural Practices which is 634 to make the
complete classification number of 634.669.

The example given illustrates the process of
classification:
630
634
634.669
INDEX

SCHEDULES

TABLES

CLASSIFICATION STARTS FROM THE INDEX TO THE SCHEDULES AND IF
NEDDED THE TABLES

These two terms are different. Classification
number is the number gotten from the
classification scheme through the index,
schedules and tables, while call number is the
classification number plus (in the case of DDC)
the first three letters of the author’s surname.
For instance if the author of the book
Agricultural Practices in Nigeria is Akinbo
Olaide, then the classification number is
634.669 while the call number will be (AKI
634.669).

Once the classification number has
been retrieved and the author’s
name added, it must be placed in the
right place on the catalogue card for
users to make use of it in locating
the book in the library. The next
example shows how a complete card
looks like.

AKI
634.669

Akinbo. O
Agricultural practices in Nigeria/
O. Akinbo.- 2nd ed. Ibadan: Macmillan,
2014.
ix, 120p. : illus; 23cm (Agriculture
series)
It includes: Index
ISBN 978978546436
1. Agriculture
I. Title II. Series

Cataloguing and classification

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