Keynote address delivered to the Maryland Distance Learning Association (MDLA), March 2014.

1. The
Power
of
Open
Educa2onal
Resources
David
Wiley,
PhD
Chief
Academic
Officer,
Lumen
Learning
Scholar
in
Residence,
University
of
Utah

3. Nice
and
Open
Meanings
maGer

4. “Nice”
-­‐
late
13c.
"foolish,
stupid"

5. “Nice”
-­‐
late
20c.
"kind,
thoughRul"

6. What
If…
an
educator
revived
the
old
meaning?

7. “Nice
people
are
certain
to
fail
my
course.”
Which
“nice”?
How
might
the
student
success
conversa2on
change?

8. “Open”
–
Early
70s
“no
admission
requirements”

9. “Open”
–
Late
00s
Evolved
into
a
much
more
nuanced,
specific
meaning

10. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
Any
kind
of
teaching
materials
–
textbooks,
syllabi,
lesson
plans,
videos,
readings,
exams

11. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
1.
Free
and
unfeGered
access,
and
2.
Free
permission
to
engage
in
the
“5R
ac2vi2es”

12. • Make and own copies
Retain
• Use in a wide range of ways
Reuse
• Adapt, modify, and improve
Revise
• Combine two or more
Remix
• Share with others
Redistribute
The
5Rs

13. What
If…
an
educator
revived
the
old
meaning?

14. “I’m
teaching
an
open
online
course
this
fall.”
Which
“open”?
How
might
the
affordability
conversa2on
change?

15. Genuine
Confusion
Open
=
free?
Open
=
free
+
5Rs

16. Why
Does
It
MaGer?
Open
is
extremely
powerful
“Faux-­‐pen”
is
not

17. Educa2on
is
Sharing
Faculty
with
students
Students
with
teachers

18. Faculty
Share
With
Students
Knowledge
and
skills
Feedback
and
cri2cism
Encouragement

19. Students
Share
With
Faculty
Ques2ons
in
Class
Assignments
Exams

20. Successful
Educators
Share
most
compeltely
with
the
most
students

21. 2008
Professor
in
Southern
US
Claimed
(c)
of
his
class
lectures,
declared
student
notes
deriva2ve
works,
and
asserted
control
over
their
use

22. “Demented
with
the
mania
of
owning
things”
Walt
Whitman

23. If
there
is
no
sharing…
there
is
no
educa2on.

24. Interlude:
A
Riddle
What
can
you
give
without
giving
it
away?

25. Ideas
are
Magical
(Non-­‐rival)
Can
be
given
without
being
given
away

26. “He
who
receives
ideas
from
me,
receives
instruc2on
himself
without
lessening
mine;
as
he
who
lights
his
taper
at
mine
receives
light
without
darkening
me.”
Thomas
Jefferson

27. Physical
Expressions
Are
Not
To
give
a
book
you
must
give
it
away

28. Expressions
Are
Different
To
give
a
book
you
must
give
it
away

29. When
Expressions
Are
Digital
They
also
become
magical

32. Unprecedented
Capacity
We
can
share
(and
educate)
as
never
before

33. Except
We
Can’t
©
regulates
copying,
adap2ng,
and
distribu2ng
those
copies

34. Internet
Enables
What
to
do?
Copyright
Forbids

35. Use
copyright
to
enable
sharing

36. Features of copyright today
• aGaches
any2me
“original
work
of
authorship
fixed
in
tangible
medium
of
expression”
• is
automa2c
• applies
to
published/unpublished
works
• lasts
a
long
2me
(typically
life
of
author
+
50
or
70
years)
• “bundle
of
rights”
=
reproduce,
deriva2ve
works,
distribute,
public
performance

37. Features of copyright today
• copyright
infringement
expensive
(in
U.S.
$750-­‐$150,000/work)
• public
domain
=
not
protected
by
copyright
• copyright
=
“all
rights
reserved”;
public
domain
=
“no
rights
reserved”
• you
have
to
ask
permission

38. But how to ask
permission?

39. How to support those that
just want to share?

40. A simple, standardized,
legally robust way to grant
copyright permissions to
creative works (and data).

41. “Lowers transaction costs”

42. CC’s legal infrastructure:
(1) copyright licenses
(2) public domain tools

43. (1) CC copyright licenses

44. How do CC licenses work?
• built
on
tradi2onal
copyright
law
• works
within
exis2ng
system
by
allowing
movement
from
“all
rights
reserved”
to
“some
rights
reserved”
• gives
creators
a
choice
about
which
freedoms
to
grant
and
which
rights
to
keep
• minimizes
transac2on
costs
by
gran2ng
the
public
certain
permissions
beforehand

45. Step 1: Choose Conditions"
Attribution"
ShareAlike"
NonCommercial"
NoDerivatives"

46. Step 2: Receive a License"

47. (2) CC public domain tools

48. CC0 Public Domain Dedication
• read
“CC
Zero”
• universal
waiver,
permanently
surrenders
copyright
and
related
rights,
placing
the
work
as
nearly
as
possible
into
the
worldwide
public
domain

49. Public Domain Mark
• not
legally
opera2ve,
but
a
label
to
be
used
by
those
with
knowledge
that
a
work
is
already
in
the
public
domain
• useful
for
very
old
works
where
we
know
it
is
in
the
public
domain
• only
intended
for
use
with
works
in
worldwide
public
domain

53. Over
500M
OER!
Over
half
a
billion
pieces
of
content
use
Crea2ve
Commons
licenses

54. hGp://crea2vecommons.org/

55. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
Any
kind
of
teaching
materials
–
textbooks,
syllabi,
lesson
plans,
videos,
readings,
exams

56. Open
Educa2onal
Resources?
1.
Free
and
unfeGered
access,
and
2.
Free
permission
to
engage
in
the
“5R
ac2vi2es”

57. • Make and own copies
Retain
• Use in a wide range of ways
Reuse
• Adapt, modify, and improve
Revise
• Combine two or more
Remix
• Share with others
Redistribute
The
5Rs

58. Open
=
Use
a
CC
License
The
de
facto
way
to
make
something
OER

59. Internet
Enables
OER
Allows
Leveraging
the
full
technical
capability
of
the
internet

60. Decreasing
Cost
and
Increasing
Learning
Prac2cal
benefits
of
OER

64. Tui2on
Is
Very
Poli2cal
Textbook
adop2ons
are
less
poli2cal

65. Textbook
Costs
$1229
year
($3131
tui2on)
60%
some2mes
skip
23%
regularly
skip

66. “Displacing
Adop2ons”
Make
the
required
textbook
cost
$0

67. Kaleidoscope
Open
Course
Ini2a2ve
NGLC
/
Gates
funding
8
community
colleges
/
OA
colleges

68. Core
Ac2vi2es
Defining
and
aggrega2ng
outcomes
Finding
and
aligning
OERs
to
outcomes
Crea2ng
100%
OER
textbook
replacements

69. X-­‐Ins2tu2onal
Collabora2on
Goals
Cover
10
GE
courses
and
4,000
students
Drop
required
textbook
cost
by
50%

70. Phase
1
Results
Covered
11
GE
courses
and
9,000
students
Dropped
required
textbook
cost
to
$0
Increased
success
rate
by
~
10%

71. Developmental Math Results"
Percentage passing with C or better
48.40%
60.18%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring 2013
All OER
n=2,842

72. Phase
2
Now
Underway
Cover
35
GE
courses
28
Ins2tu2onal
partners

73. Open
Course
Frameworks
Making
OER
Simple
to
Adopt

74. Open
Course
Frameworks
• Start
from
learning
outcomes,
• curated
collec2ons
of
OER,
• openly
licensed
with
detailed
aGribu2on,
• organized
in
a
way
that
looks
and
feels
like
an
online
course,
• intended
to
be
modified
before
use,
• compa2ble
with
our
con2nuous
improvement
analy2cs
service.

75. Open
Course
Frameworks
Making
OER
Simple
to
Adopt

76. Open
Course
Frameworks
Making
OER
Simple
to
Adopt

77. Open
Course
Frameworks
Making
OER
Simple
to
Adopt

78. Open
Course
Frameworks
Making
OER
Simple
to
Adopt

80. “Textbook
Zero”
En2re
degree
program
based
on
OER
Up
to
30%
off
the
cost
to
graduate

81. “Textbook
Zero”
Opened
Fall
2013
at
Tidewater
CC
Finalist
for
Bellwether
Innova2on
Award
Cost
$112k
to
launch
Each
graduate
saves
~
$3000

82. The
Daily
Divide
The
difference
between
OER
and
Fauxpen

83. Analog
⇒
Digital
Music,
Phones,
TV,
Newspapers,
Movies,
Journals,
&c.

84. Tethered
⇒
Mobile
Phones,
Internet
Access,
Employment

85. Concealing
⇒
Sharing
Photos,
Videos,
Journal
Entries

86. Isolated
⇒
Connected
People,
Content,
Systems

87. Generic
⇒
Personal
Cars,
Computers,
Mobile
Phones

88. Consuming
⇒
Crea2ng
Newspapers
/
Blogs
Movies
&
TV
/
YouTube

89. Closed
⇒
Open
Research
(Ar2cles,
Journals)
Data
(Government,
Weather,
GIS)
Content
(Open
Educa2onal
Resources)

90. Then
vs
Now
Analog
⇒
Digital
Tethered
⇒
Mobile
Concealing
⇒
Sharing
Isolated
⇒
Connected
Generic
⇒
Personal
Consuming
⇒
Crea2ng
Closed
⇒
Open

91. Educa2on
vs
Everyday
Analog
⇒
Digital
Tethered
⇒
Mobile
Concealing
⇒
Sharing
Isolated
⇒
Connected
Generic
⇒
Personal
Consuming
⇒
Crea2ng
Closed
⇒
Open

92. “Daily
Divide”
(As
opposed
to
the
digital
divide)

93. “Academic”
(This
is
where
the
common
usage
derives)

94. “Academic”
(This
is
where
the
common
usage
derives)

95. What
About
Online
Learning?

96. What
About
Online
Learning?
Very
innova2ve
in
1994!

97. Online
Learning
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open

98. What
About
MOOCs?

99. MOOCs
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing(?)
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open

100. “You
may
not
take
any
Online
Course
offered
by
Coursera
or
use
any
Statement
of
Accomplishment
as
part
of
any
tui2on-­‐based
or
for-­‐
credit
cer2fica2on
or
program
for
any
college,
university,
or
other
academic
ins2tu2on
without
the
express
wriGen
permission
from
Coursera.”

101. Open
is
Fundamental
Why?

102. • Make and own copies
Retain
• Use in a wide range of ways
Reuse
• Adapt, modify, and improve
Revise
• Combine two or more
Remix
• Share with others
Redistribute
The
5Rs

103. Online
Learning
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open

104. Online
Learning
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea2ng
Closed
or
Open

105. Connec2ng
It’s
“hard”
to
connect
to
something
if
you
don't
have
access
to
it

106. Personalizing
It’s
“hard”
to
personalize
something
if
you
don't
have
permission
to
modify
it

107. Crea2ng
and
Sharing
It’s
“hard”
to
make
and
share
things
when
you’re
constantly
worried
about
being
sued

108. When
You
Can
Assume
“Open”
These
problems
disappear

109. OER-­‐based
Courses
Analog
or
Digital
Tethered
or
Mobile
Concealing
or
Sharing
Isolated
or
Connected
Generic
or
Personal
Consuming
or
Crea:ng
Closed
or
Open

110. Divide
is
Growing
Apart
-­‐
Fast
Moving
both
direc2ons
at
once

111. Expensive
⇒
Affordable
Music,
Movies,
TV
Shows

112. Affordable
⇒
Expensive
Textbooks
(+800%)

113. Content
Affordability
Provider
Cost
Ne?lix
–
20,000
Movies
(and
TV)
$7.99
/
month
Hulu
Plus
–
45,000
TV
(and
Movies)
$7.99
/
month
Spo:fy
–
15M
Songs
$9.99
/
month
CourseSmart
–
1
Biology
Textbook
$20.25
/
month

114. Content
Affordability
Provider
Cost
Ne?lix
–
20,000
Movies
(and
TV)
$7.99
/
month
Hulu
Plus
–
45,000
TV
(and
Movies)
$7.99
/
month
Spo:fy
–
15M
Songs
$9.99
/
month
CourseSmart
–
1
Biology
Textbook
$20.25
/
month
OpenStax
–
1
Open
Bio
Textbook
$0.00
/
month

115. Impacts
of
Open
on:
Pedagogy
Assessment
Tenure
and
Promo2on
Research
Scholarship
Business
Model

116. Organizing
and
Transforming
(0.85)
“Overt
or
covert
rearrangement
of
instruc2onal
materials
to
improve
learning.
(e.g.,
making
an
outline
before
wri2ng
a
paper)....
The
types
of
strategies
included
in
this
category
(such
as
summarizing
and
paraphrasing)
promote
a
more
ac3ve
approach
to
learning
tasks.”
Ha}e,
p.
190-­‐191
hGp://pm4id.org/

117. But
Where
Are
All
These
OER?!?
Demo
2me!

118. OER
+
Analy2cs
Con2nuous
improvement

119. OER
Give
you
permission
to
make
changes
But
don’t
tell
you
what
to
change

120. Analy2cs
Tell
you
what
to
change
But
don’t
give
you
permission
to
make
changes

121. OER
+
Analy2cs
Con2nuous
improvement

123. Faculty
Feedback
“I
wish
I
had
this
for
every
class
I
teach,
for
every
module!
The
feedback
and
recommenda2ons
are
posi2ve,
specific
and
are
changes
that
I
can
implement
quickly
with
minimal
effort
on
my
part.”

124. Conclusion
(Finally!)

125. Genuine
Open
Moves
Us
Forward
Increase
learning
Decrease
costs
Enable
new
pedagogies
Empower
faculty
Facilitate
con2nuous
improvement

126. Fauxpen
Takes
Us
Backward
Free
but
not
open
None
of
the
benefits
of
open

127. Lumen
Learning
It’s
all
open
Full
set
of
services
enabling
open
learning
(e.g.,
training,
licensing,
ID,
hos2ng,
support,
CI)

128. Discussion
hGp://lumenlearning.com/
hGp://davidwiley.org/
@opencontent