The document discusses the history and evolution of broadcasting from its early beginnings to modern digital technologies. It traces the development of radio and television broadcasting from the 1920s through the 1950s and the establishment of business models around these new media. It then outlines the transition to digital formats for television and content distribution in the 1980s-2000s, as well as new technologies like DVRs, video on demand, and internet streaming that have disrupted traditional broadcasting models and allowed for place and time shifting of content. Finally, it notes how user-generated content and many-to-many communication through social media have replaced the old one-to-many broadcasting model of read-only cultures with new read-write cultures.
9. "The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value.
Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?"
-- David Sarnoff's associates in response to
his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
EARLY ENTERTAINMENT
10. Early music was performed live
Story telling
People got together to sing the
songs of the day
Participation: everyone was an
entertainer
Culture
14. First radio broadcasts are in 1906
Commercial radio broadcasting
starts in 1920s
Amateur operators
Equipment manufactures
Public’s need for information
Westinghouse Model WR-30 Gothic Style Tombstone Radio (1933)
http://www.tuberadioland.com/westinghouseWR-30_main.html
15. For God’s sake go down to the reception and
get rid of a lunatic who’s down there.
He says he’s got a machine for seeing by wireless!
— Editor of the Daily Express in response
to a prospective visit by John Logie Baird
ENTER THE TV
16. John Logie Baird
!
Scottish inventor
!
Experimented with wireless
transmission of images
!
First public television broadcast was
27. January 1926 in London
17. TV broadcast start in the 1930s
!
BBC starts broadcasts in 1936
!
Slow increase in consoles
!
Lack of standard
!
18. Color in the 50s
!
RCA begins production of its
first color-TV set for consumers
!
Low performance and high price
19. In 1950 a market has emerged
!
US data:
!
1946 there are 20.000 TVs,
18 stations
!
1953 there are over 20
million TVs – 44% of
households, 300 stations
!
TV in Iceland in 1966
20. The global broadcasting & cable tv
market grew by 4.6% in 2011 to
reach a value of $400.6 billion
!
The market is expected to reach
almost $475,000 million by 2015
Source:
DataMnitor
25. TV Watching
On average, individuals in the industrialised world
devote three hours a day to watching TV
26. TV Watching
On average, individuals in the industrialised world
devote three hours a day to watching TV
27. TV Watching
Gallup poll on TV Watching
!
Two out of five adult respondents and seven out of 10 teenagers
said they spent too much time watching TV
!
Usually people are embarrassed to admit to watching much TV
28. A Formula for Addiction
TV is passive and relaxing
!
Reduces alertness
!
Effect is fast
!
Problem: TV addiction
30. TREND
23% of UK teenagers claim to
watch less TV and 15% admit
they read fewer books now that
they have smartphones
31. THE BROADCASTING CENTURY
ONE 2 MANY
READ ONLY CULTURE
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
1900
BUSINESS MODELS GET ESTABLISHED
DIGITAL
FORMAT
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
The Record
Broadcasts
Industry - LPs
1940s
1950s
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
2000
36. Digital TV
DVB, ATSC, ISDB, DTMB, DBM
H.262/MPEG
!
Transmitted
Radio (VHF, UHF, SHF), satellites, cables, fiber or ADSL
Benefits
Better picture and better sound – more resolution
Better use of bandwidth using compression
Most countries switched off analogue transmission 2007-2009
Source:
HowStuffWorks.com
37. Digital TV
Normal TV has the ratio 4:3 (1,34:1)
!
HDTV has the aspect ratio 16:9 (1,78:1)
!
Source:
HowStuffWorks.com
38. End of an Era
Digital Content is causing disruptions in the conventional value chain
!
DVD sales are slowing
!
Distribution of content is going to digital mediums
Source:
Economist
-‐
Coming
soon
42. Time shift
Digital video recorders (DVRs)
Recording television transmissions for later viewing
!
Examples
TiVo, ReplayTV, DirectTV
43. Place Shift
Watch your TV everywhere in the world
!
Technology that allows you to watch your TV over the Internet
!
Slingbox
44.
45. Video On Demand
VoD - Video-on-demand
Goodbye to of the Video Store
Change in distribution of content
Delivered over the Internet, ADSL
or cable, including fibre
Pictures from
www.oscar.com
46.
47. THE BROADCASTING CENTURY
ONE 2 MANY
READ ONLY CULTURE
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
BUSINESS MODELS GET ESTABLISHED
DIGITAL
FORMAT
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
The Record
Broadcasts
Industry - LPs
1940s
1950s
THE
DIGITAL DECADE
!
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
THE CONTENT
ESCAPES
THE FORM
!
INTERNET
DISRUPTION
BEGINS
1900
2000
76. What percentage of the top 10,000 titles in
any online media store (Netflix, iTunes,
Amazon, or any other) will rent or sell at
least once a month?
88. BEFORE
NOW
ONE 2 MANY:
BROADCASTING
MANY 2 MANY:
PEER INTERACTION
READ ONLY CULTURE
READ WRITE CULTURE
BUSINESS
MODELS GET
ESTABLISHED
ESTABLISHED
BUSINESS MODELS
GET DISRUPTED
89. END OF BROADCASTING
MANY 2 MANY
READ WRITE CULTURE
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
1900
ESTABLISHED BUSINESS MODELS GET DISRUPTED
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
The Record
Broadcasts
Industry - LPs
1940s
1950s
CDs
1980s
THE INTERNET
DISRUPTION
DVDs
1990s
2000