7. 1971 MEDLINE
1980 DNA
EMBL(European Molecular Biology Laboratory)
1982 DNA GenBank
1985 FASTA
1986 Swiss‐Prot
1988 NCBI(Na[onal Center for Biotechnology Informa[on)
Human Genome Ini[a[ve Bioinforma[cs
CLUSTAL
1990 BLAST
1991 World Wide Web
2000 Ensembl , 2001 UCSC
8. 1991 Linda B. Buck and Richard Axel (The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2004)
G primer
PCR (a) (b)
(c) (18 loci)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(from & )
1992 1998
9.
1999 Richard Axel John Carlson
2007 Drosophila 12 Genomes Consor[um
Drosophila melanogaster( ) 11
12
(812 loci)
(from )
32. gcc (Xcode) (1)
MacBook Pro
MacBook Pro Mac OS X Install Disc 1
MacBook Pro Mac OS X Install DVD
Xcode (IDE)
gcc (GNU Compiler Collec[on)
gcc C C++ Java
38. X11 (1‐1)
MacBook Pro Mac OS X Install Disc 1
(Xcode
)
Op[onal Installs → Op[onal Installs.mpkg
X11 MacOSX X Window System
X Window System XWS UNIX GUI
X
39. X11 (1‐2)
( MacBook Pro )
MacBook Pro Mac OS X Install Disc 1
(Xcode
)
→ Op[onal Installs
X11 MacOSX X Window System
X Window System XWS UNIX GUI
X