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EVALUATION FORM FOR MOVIE REVIEW ASSIGNMENT
ADM501
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
SEMESTER SEPT-JAN 2014
MOVIE TITLE : Mr Hollands Opus
GROUP : BC4C
GROUP
MEMBERS
:
NURUL NAJWA BT MOHD ZAIDI 2011172581
SHAH HAFIZIE BIN HAMZAH 2011729447
ASHRAF REZZA BIN A RAZAK 2011714145
1] REPORT FORMAT /5
- font size and spacing (2.5 marks)
- referencing (2.5 marks)
2] ADHERANCE TO THE QUESTIONS
A) Synopsis: /5
Originality 1 2 3 4 5
Wholesome 1 2 3 4 5
B) Identification of issues: /20
Thoughts are
very clear.
Information is
very accurate.
Most
thoughts
make sense.
Most of the
information is
accurate.
Some thoughts a do
not make sense.
Some information is
not accurate.
Your thoughts do
not make sense.
The information
students used in not
accurate
16-20 11-15 6-10 1-5
C) Relationship of the issues/problems with the OB chapters /30
Thoughts are
very clear.
Information is
very accurate.
Most thoughts
make sense.
Most of the
information is
accurate.
Some thoughts a do
not make sense.
Some information is
not accurate.
Your thoughts do
not make sense. The
information
students used in not
accurate
24-30 16-23 8-15 1-7
D) Suggestions to rectify or address issues/problems identified /40
Suggestions are
very clear.
Most
suggestions
Some suggestions do
not make sense.
Your suggestions
do not make sense.
Information is
very accurate
and acceptable.
make sense.
Most of the
information is
accurate and
acceptable.
Some information is
not accurate
unacceptable.
The information
students used in not
accurate and
irrelevant.
31-40 21-30 11-20 1-10
TOTAL (100%)
TOTAL (15%)
Remarks:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
SHORT SYNOPSIS OF THE MOVIE
This is the story of Glenn Holland who is very obsessive towards music. He started
his career as a new music teacher. He faces some problems including students who
have low self-esteem. Mr Holland’s wife, Iris unexpectedly gets pregnant and
delivers a healthy baby boy, Cole. Iris thought that there is something wrong with
Cole because he did not response when being called. They met with experts and
found out that Cole was deaf. Disappointed with the news, Mr Holland turned into a
cold father as Cole will never know about music that he was working on. Mr Holland
and Iris learned sign language to interact with their child. Later, Mr Holland fought
with Cole. Acknowledging his fault of ignoring Cole, he designs a concert that both
hearing and non hearing audience can enjoy. He retired after three decades and was
honoured by given the chance to lead the orchestra.
4 ISSUE/PROBLEM REVEALED IN THE MOVIE
The first issue revealed in the movie is when Mr Holland, as a music teacher
found that Miss Lang, always doing mistakes when playing clarinet although she said
that she’s having enough practices. When Mr Holland suggested having more time
for her to personally practice, she was really happy and willing to do it by herself.
After a few times of individual practices, Miss Lang turns into disappointment
because she still cannot play the clarinet well. She kept on thinking about negative
side of herself. In another day of practices, when Miss Lang feel like give up, Mr
Holland told her to find her music soul, thinking about sunset, which she said her
father told her about her beautiful hair is like sunset to motivate her.
The second issue arises when Cole, Iris and Mr Holland’s son is diagnosed as
deaf. Mr Holland was very disappointed because he thinks that Cole will never
understand and appreciate music as he did. Iris, with her strong mother instinct,
willingly learns the sign language as she realized that she cannot understand her
son at all. She wants to find a way to communicate and interact with her son.
However, Mr Holland resisted, due to his disappointment of Cole being deaf. Then, it
turns out that Iris is more understand what their son talking about in his sign
language rather than Mr Holland.
Third issue is when Mr Holland was trying to use new method of teaching
music, by using “Rock and Roll” to attract his students to love music. However, the
high school’s Principal and Vice Principal along with the School Board refuse to
accept his method of teaching. In that community at that time, Rock and Roll is all
about disappointment and breakdown, which will give bad impact towards their
youngsters. At last, Mr Holland succeeds in convincing his Principal to accept his
way of teaching using Rock and Roll music.
The last issue is when the School Board agreed to cut off budget of any arts
classes including Mr Holland music class. Mr Holland thought that the Principal,
having the bad intention towards him and happy the things happen according to his
wants. Both of Mr Holland and Principal was not in a good relationship since the first
year Mr Holland was teaching there, where the Principal was only the Vice Principal
at that time. They were always having different point of view and perceptions about
some issues.
HOW THE ISSUES IDENTIFIED ARE RELATED TO THE CHAPTERS OF
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR.
As for the first issue, we identified that it is related to self evaluation which
consist three elements; Self-esteem, Self-Efficacy and Locus of control. Here, we
can see that Miss Lang evaluate herself in a negative way as she only think about
her weaknesses. Self-esteem is the extent to which people like, respect and are
satisfied with themselves. Some expert believes that self-esteem is a person’s rating
of his or her success at social inclusion. In this movie, Mr Lang seems to have low
self-esteem as she did not satisfied with herself. She also said that she did not have
any succession in anything that she participated in. However, the second element of
self evaluation which is self-efficacy can be defined as a person’s belief that he or
she has the ability, motivation, correct role perceptions and favorable situation to
complete a task successfully. To relate with the movie, Mr Lang also has low self-
efficacy since she did not belief herself that she has the ability and motivation to
complete the task which is playing clarinet well. Other than that, locus of control also
plays vital roles on how we evaluate ourselves. It can be understood as a person’s
general beliefs about the amount of control he or she has over personal life event. In
this case, Mr Lang belief that she did not have any control over his personal life
event. Furthermore, this first issue can also be related to the topic of Motivation that
can be identified as the forces within a person that affect his or her direction,
intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior and actions. Related to the movie of
Mr Holland’s Opus, Mr Holland as a teacher had use motivation to motivate his
student, Miss Lang to be able playing clarinet well. Miss Lang was driven by his
wants to make at least one contribution as others do, and the need for achievement
as she wants to accomplished challenging goals which is to play clarinet well through
his own efforts.
The second issue seemed that related to the topic of Communications.
Communication is the process by which information is transmitted and understood
between two or more people. In simple words, it is how people conveyed and
received information from others. Effective communication is vital to all of well being
as it will affect the outcome of the communication. If we are unable to understand
those sign, there will be crisis because effective communication did not happen.
There are several types of communication and Non-verbal communication is one of
them. Non-verbal communication is different with verbal communication as it is not
written or spoken, including facial gestures, physical distance and even silence. Sign
language also considered as non-verbal communication. As Iris cannot understand
her son’s behavior, Cole who is deaf, she turned into stress because she cannot
fulfill his wants and tell him what she feels. This is due to ineffective communication
where both of them did not reach each other understandings. Fortunately, Iris and Mr
Holland together with their son enroll in an American sign language classes. There,
they were taught the non-verbal communication to increase their mutual
understanding in receiving and conveying information that they wants. It is important
for people in communication to understand each other’s messages to avoid
misunderstanding.
The third issue is about the chapter of organizational change or in a more
specific, resistance to change. Here in the movie of Mr Holland opus, the high
school’s principal and vice principal along with the school board refuse to accept Mr
Holland’s new method of teaching by using “Rock and Roll” music to attract his
students. This is due to some reasons why the resist to change which are fear of
unknown and breaking routines. All change includes some uncertainty that may put
people at risks. Because of this reason, that community afraid that their youngsters
will be affected by the method as they thought Rock and Roll is all about
disappointment and breakdown. As for breaking routines, people typically resist
initiatives that force them out of their comfort zones and require them accept new
method. As the community in the movie at that time has negative perceptions
towards Rock and Rolls music and the teachers in that high school never use that
kind of method before, they refuse to accept it as it breaks their common.
For the last issue, it is regarding our topic of conflicts. Based on what we have
learned before, Conflict is a process in which one party perceives that its interest are
being opposed or negatively affected by another party. Some may think conflict is
good and some thinks vise versa. A long time ago, people only think that conflict is
bad as it gives negative effects however, this beliefs merged and changed as they
nowadays thinks in a more critical way that conflict also good as it can help people to
develop more creative solutions that reflect the needs of both parties involved.
Conflict can be caused by incompatible goals, differentiations, interdependence or
even poor communications. Relationship conflict are not task-related, but it focusing
on personal values, gossip, individual’s styles or personality and personal taste. In
Mr Holland and his Principal’s case, it can be considered as a relationship conflicts
as their conflict focusing more on the individual matters, rather than on the issue, as
the sources of the conflict. The Principal, since early showed that he did not like Mr
Holland. They always conflict in many issues since they did not like each other that
lead to the negative outcomes, which are stress or even morale.
SUGGESTION TO RECTIFY OR ADDRESS ISSUES IDENTIFIED
Based on the first issued that had been identified, we suggest that Mr Lang
should be motivated to increase her self esteem, as what Mr Holland did. Motivation
can direct or drive her towards achieving her goals by her own. Other than that, self
concept and past experience also regulate a person’s motivated decision and
behaviors. In expectancy theory of motivation, it offers an elegant model based on
rational logic to predict the chosen direction, level and persistence of motivation.
Essentially, the theory states that work effort is directed towards behaviors that
people believe will lead to desired outcomes. In other words, we are motivated to
achieve the goals with the highest expected payoff. An individual’s effort level
depends on three factors; effort to performance (E to P) expectancy, performance to
outcomes (P to O) expectancy and outcomes valence. E to P expectancy is the
individual perception that his or her effort will result in particular level of performance.
P to O expectancy however, perceived probability that a specific behavior or
performance level will lead to a particular outcomes while the outcome valence
represents a person’s anticipated satisfaction with the outcomes.
As for the second issues identified, Iris and Mr Holland should choose the
best communication channel to overcome the communication issue with their son,
Cole. Learning the non-verbal communication, which is sign language, is a wise
action since it can be a medium for them to understand each other more. One
important factor that they should consider is social acceptance that refers to how well
the communication medium is approved by the society, community and individuals.
American Sign Language that they were learning is acceptable throughout the
country and as so as world because it can be considered as the primary medium to
communicate with the deaf all around the world. It means that other deaf and family
also use the same medium to communicate with each other and it is normal.
However, Mr Holland, Iris and Cole should improved their interpersonal
communication too because it depends on the sender’s ability to get the message
across and the receiver’s performance as an active listener. This is because
effective communication occurs when a receiver is able to receive and understand
the message.
As for the third issue, we suggest to helps break old routine and adopt new
roles. This is due to the issue that the community in that provision resists breaking
their common ways of teaching students about music. We must help them
understand the new concept of teaching by using Rock and Roll as the new method
to attract students to love music. They must be clear informed why they need the
change and reducing their fear of unknown or uncertainty. Sometimes, in order to
move forward, we must challenge ourselves to be brave taking the risks and change
for a better future. Furthermore, the people that resist to change require some
influence tactics to alter their decision for example, negotiation. Negotiation is a form
of influence that involves the promise of benefits or resources in exchange for the
target person’s compliance with the influencer’s request. As in the movie, after
negotiating with the school boards and community in a meeting, Mr Holland
succeeds in convincing them to accept his new method of teaching.
The last suggestion is to minimize the conflict that arouse. Firstly, there are
numbers of conflict handling styles that has been identified by conflict experts, but
most common of them are problem solving, forcing, avoiding, yielding and
compromising. In problem solving, it tries to find mutual beneficial solutions for both
party and also known as win-win situation. People using this style because they
believe that if the parties work together, they can find creative solutions. Information
sharing is an important feature of this style because both parties collaborate to
identify common ground and potential solutions that everyone involved. As for
forcing, people who use this style typically have a win-lose orientation which means
the more one party receives, the less the other party will receive. In selecting forcing
style, two actions help a person to implement it effectively. The first action is to
ensure that good alternatives are developed, which increased the person’s power
while the second action is to develop a small number of strong arguments and then
keep repeating them. By avoiding, parties involved try to smooth over or avoid
conflict situations altogether. It represents low concern for both self and other party.
In other words, avoiders try to suppress thinking about the conflict. However, yielding
involves giving in completely to the other side’s wishes, or at least cooperating with
little or no attention to one’s own interest. Compromising in other way, involves
looking for a position which your losses are offset by equally valued gains. It involves
matching the other party’s concessions, making conditional promises or threats and
actively searching for a middle ground between the interests of both parties.
REFERENCES
McShane, Steven Lattimore. Organisational behavior : emerging knowledge: global
insight. 4th
Edition (2013) . McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd.
Mr Holland’s Opus. Wikipedia. December 19 2013. Retrieved from
file:///D:/study2/ADM%20501%20Organizational%20Behavior/Mr.%20Holland's%20Opus
%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm

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OB Movie Review

  • 1. EVALUATION FORM FOR MOVIE REVIEW ASSIGNMENT ADM501 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR SEMESTER SEPT-JAN 2014 MOVIE TITLE : Mr Hollands Opus GROUP : BC4C GROUP MEMBERS : NURUL NAJWA BT MOHD ZAIDI 2011172581 SHAH HAFIZIE BIN HAMZAH 2011729447 ASHRAF REZZA BIN A RAZAK 2011714145 1] REPORT FORMAT /5 - font size and spacing (2.5 marks) - referencing (2.5 marks) 2] ADHERANCE TO THE QUESTIONS A) Synopsis: /5 Originality 1 2 3 4 5 Wholesome 1 2 3 4 5 B) Identification of issues: /20 Thoughts are very clear. Information is very accurate. Most thoughts make sense. Most of the information is accurate. Some thoughts a do not make sense. Some information is not accurate. Your thoughts do not make sense. The information students used in not accurate 16-20 11-15 6-10 1-5 C) Relationship of the issues/problems with the OB chapters /30 Thoughts are very clear. Information is very accurate. Most thoughts make sense. Most of the information is accurate. Some thoughts a do not make sense. Some information is not accurate. Your thoughts do not make sense. The information students used in not accurate 24-30 16-23 8-15 1-7 D) Suggestions to rectify or address issues/problems identified /40 Suggestions are very clear. Most suggestions Some suggestions do not make sense. Your suggestions do not make sense.
  • 2. Information is very accurate and acceptable. make sense. Most of the information is accurate and acceptable. Some information is not accurate unacceptable. The information students used in not accurate and irrelevant. 31-40 21-30 11-20 1-10 TOTAL (100%) TOTAL (15%) Remarks: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
  • 3. SHORT SYNOPSIS OF THE MOVIE This is the story of Glenn Holland who is very obsessive towards music. He started his career as a new music teacher. He faces some problems including students who have low self-esteem. Mr Holland’s wife, Iris unexpectedly gets pregnant and delivers a healthy baby boy, Cole. Iris thought that there is something wrong with Cole because he did not response when being called. They met with experts and found out that Cole was deaf. Disappointed with the news, Mr Holland turned into a cold father as Cole will never know about music that he was working on. Mr Holland and Iris learned sign language to interact with their child. Later, Mr Holland fought with Cole. Acknowledging his fault of ignoring Cole, he designs a concert that both hearing and non hearing audience can enjoy. He retired after three decades and was honoured by given the chance to lead the orchestra.
  • 4. 4 ISSUE/PROBLEM REVEALED IN THE MOVIE The first issue revealed in the movie is when Mr Holland, as a music teacher found that Miss Lang, always doing mistakes when playing clarinet although she said that she’s having enough practices. When Mr Holland suggested having more time for her to personally practice, she was really happy and willing to do it by herself. After a few times of individual practices, Miss Lang turns into disappointment because she still cannot play the clarinet well. She kept on thinking about negative side of herself. In another day of practices, when Miss Lang feel like give up, Mr Holland told her to find her music soul, thinking about sunset, which she said her father told her about her beautiful hair is like sunset to motivate her. The second issue arises when Cole, Iris and Mr Holland’s son is diagnosed as deaf. Mr Holland was very disappointed because he thinks that Cole will never understand and appreciate music as he did. Iris, with her strong mother instinct, willingly learns the sign language as she realized that she cannot understand her son at all. She wants to find a way to communicate and interact with her son. However, Mr Holland resisted, due to his disappointment of Cole being deaf. Then, it turns out that Iris is more understand what their son talking about in his sign language rather than Mr Holland. Third issue is when Mr Holland was trying to use new method of teaching music, by using “Rock and Roll” to attract his students to love music. However, the high school’s Principal and Vice Principal along with the School Board refuse to accept his method of teaching. In that community at that time, Rock and Roll is all about disappointment and breakdown, which will give bad impact towards their youngsters. At last, Mr Holland succeeds in convincing his Principal to accept his way of teaching using Rock and Roll music.
  • 5. The last issue is when the School Board agreed to cut off budget of any arts classes including Mr Holland music class. Mr Holland thought that the Principal, having the bad intention towards him and happy the things happen according to his wants. Both of Mr Holland and Principal was not in a good relationship since the first year Mr Holland was teaching there, where the Principal was only the Vice Principal at that time. They were always having different point of view and perceptions about some issues.
  • 6. HOW THE ISSUES IDENTIFIED ARE RELATED TO THE CHAPTERS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR. As for the first issue, we identified that it is related to self evaluation which consist three elements; Self-esteem, Self-Efficacy and Locus of control. Here, we can see that Miss Lang evaluate herself in a negative way as she only think about her weaknesses. Self-esteem is the extent to which people like, respect and are satisfied with themselves. Some expert believes that self-esteem is a person’s rating of his or her success at social inclusion. In this movie, Mr Lang seems to have low self-esteem as she did not satisfied with herself. She also said that she did not have any succession in anything that she participated in. However, the second element of self evaluation which is self-efficacy can be defined as a person’s belief that he or she has the ability, motivation, correct role perceptions and favorable situation to complete a task successfully. To relate with the movie, Mr Lang also has low self- efficacy since she did not belief herself that she has the ability and motivation to complete the task which is playing clarinet well. Other than that, locus of control also plays vital roles on how we evaluate ourselves. It can be understood as a person’s general beliefs about the amount of control he or she has over personal life event. In this case, Mr Lang belief that she did not have any control over his personal life event. Furthermore, this first issue can also be related to the topic of Motivation that can be identified as the forces within a person that affect his or her direction, intensity, and persistence of voluntary behavior and actions. Related to the movie of Mr Holland’s Opus, Mr Holland as a teacher had use motivation to motivate his student, Miss Lang to be able playing clarinet well. Miss Lang was driven by his wants to make at least one contribution as others do, and the need for achievement
  • 7. as she wants to accomplished challenging goals which is to play clarinet well through his own efforts. The second issue seemed that related to the topic of Communications. Communication is the process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people. In simple words, it is how people conveyed and received information from others. Effective communication is vital to all of well being as it will affect the outcome of the communication. If we are unable to understand those sign, there will be crisis because effective communication did not happen. There are several types of communication and Non-verbal communication is one of them. Non-verbal communication is different with verbal communication as it is not written or spoken, including facial gestures, physical distance and even silence. Sign language also considered as non-verbal communication. As Iris cannot understand her son’s behavior, Cole who is deaf, she turned into stress because she cannot fulfill his wants and tell him what she feels. This is due to ineffective communication where both of them did not reach each other understandings. Fortunately, Iris and Mr Holland together with their son enroll in an American sign language classes. There, they were taught the non-verbal communication to increase their mutual understanding in receiving and conveying information that they wants. It is important for people in communication to understand each other’s messages to avoid misunderstanding. The third issue is about the chapter of organizational change or in a more specific, resistance to change. Here in the movie of Mr Holland opus, the high school’s principal and vice principal along with the school board refuse to accept Mr Holland’s new method of teaching by using “Rock and Roll” music to attract his students. This is due to some reasons why the resist to change which are fear of
  • 8. unknown and breaking routines. All change includes some uncertainty that may put people at risks. Because of this reason, that community afraid that their youngsters will be affected by the method as they thought Rock and Roll is all about disappointment and breakdown. As for breaking routines, people typically resist initiatives that force them out of their comfort zones and require them accept new method. As the community in the movie at that time has negative perceptions towards Rock and Rolls music and the teachers in that high school never use that kind of method before, they refuse to accept it as it breaks their common. For the last issue, it is regarding our topic of conflicts. Based on what we have learned before, Conflict is a process in which one party perceives that its interest are being opposed or negatively affected by another party. Some may think conflict is good and some thinks vise versa. A long time ago, people only think that conflict is bad as it gives negative effects however, this beliefs merged and changed as they nowadays thinks in a more critical way that conflict also good as it can help people to develop more creative solutions that reflect the needs of both parties involved. Conflict can be caused by incompatible goals, differentiations, interdependence or even poor communications. Relationship conflict are not task-related, but it focusing on personal values, gossip, individual’s styles or personality and personal taste. In Mr Holland and his Principal’s case, it can be considered as a relationship conflicts as their conflict focusing more on the individual matters, rather than on the issue, as the sources of the conflict. The Principal, since early showed that he did not like Mr Holland. They always conflict in many issues since they did not like each other that lead to the negative outcomes, which are stress or even morale.
  • 9. SUGGESTION TO RECTIFY OR ADDRESS ISSUES IDENTIFIED Based on the first issued that had been identified, we suggest that Mr Lang should be motivated to increase her self esteem, as what Mr Holland did. Motivation can direct or drive her towards achieving her goals by her own. Other than that, self concept and past experience also regulate a person’s motivated decision and behaviors. In expectancy theory of motivation, it offers an elegant model based on rational logic to predict the chosen direction, level and persistence of motivation. Essentially, the theory states that work effort is directed towards behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes. In other words, we are motivated to achieve the goals with the highest expected payoff. An individual’s effort level depends on three factors; effort to performance (E to P) expectancy, performance to outcomes (P to O) expectancy and outcomes valence. E to P expectancy is the individual perception that his or her effort will result in particular level of performance. P to O expectancy however, perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a particular outcomes while the outcome valence represents a person’s anticipated satisfaction with the outcomes. As for the second issues identified, Iris and Mr Holland should choose the best communication channel to overcome the communication issue with their son, Cole. Learning the non-verbal communication, which is sign language, is a wise action since it can be a medium for them to understand each other more. One important factor that they should consider is social acceptance that refers to how well the communication medium is approved by the society, community and individuals. American Sign Language that they were learning is acceptable throughout the country and as so as world because it can be considered as the primary medium to
  • 10. communicate with the deaf all around the world. It means that other deaf and family also use the same medium to communicate with each other and it is normal. However, Mr Holland, Iris and Cole should improved their interpersonal communication too because it depends on the sender’s ability to get the message across and the receiver’s performance as an active listener. This is because effective communication occurs when a receiver is able to receive and understand the message. As for the third issue, we suggest to helps break old routine and adopt new roles. This is due to the issue that the community in that provision resists breaking their common ways of teaching students about music. We must help them understand the new concept of teaching by using Rock and Roll as the new method to attract students to love music. They must be clear informed why they need the change and reducing their fear of unknown or uncertainty. Sometimes, in order to move forward, we must challenge ourselves to be brave taking the risks and change for a better future. Furthermore, the people that resist to change require some influence tactics to alter their decision for example, negotiation. Negotiation is a form of influence that involves the promise of benefits or resources in exchange for the target person’s compliance with the influencer’s request. As in the movie, after negotiating with the school boards and community in a meeting, Mr Holland succeeds in convincing them to accept his new method of teaching. The last suggestion is to minimize the conflict that arouse. Firstly, there are numbers of conflict handling styles that has been identified by conflict experts, but most common of them are problem solving, forcing, avoiding, yielding and compromising. In problem solving, it tries to find mutual beneficial solutions for both party and also known as win-win situation. People using this style because they
  • 11. believe that if the parties work together, they can find creative solutions. Information sharing is an important feature of this style because both parties collaborate to identify common ground and potential solutions that everyone involved. As for forcing, people who use this style typically have a win-lose orientation which means the more one party receives, the less the other party will receive. In selecting forcing style, two actions help a person to implement it effectively. The first action is to ensure that good alternatives are developed, which increased the person’s power while the second action is to develop a small number of strong arguments and then keep repeating them. By avoiding, parties involved try to smooth over or avoid conflict situations altogether. It represents low concern for both self and other party. In other words, avoiders try to suppress thinking about the conflict. However, yielding involves giving in completely to the other side’s wishes, or at least cooperating with little or no attention to one’s own interest. Compromising in other way, involves looking for a position which your losses are offset by equally valued gains. It involves matching the other party’s concessions, making conditional promises or threats and actively searching for a middle ground between the interests of both parties.
  • 12. REFERENCES McShane, Steven Lattimore. Organisational behavior : emerging knowledge: global insight. 4th Edition (2013) . McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd. Mr Holland’s Opus. Wikipedia. December 19 2013. Retrieved from file:///D:/study2/ADM%20501%20Organizational%20Behavior/Mr.%20Holland's%20Opus %20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm