Portfolio Introduction to Planning CRP MUET

2. S # TOPICS LECTURE # IN HRS
1 Introduction to Planning 02
2 Definitions and Terms 03
3 Justification for Planning 02
4 Aims and Objectives of Physical Planning 02
5 Principles of Planning 02
6 Levels and Elements of Planning 03
7 Planning and Its Relationship with other Professions 04
8 Functions of Professional Planners 02
9 New Trends In Planning 04
10 Geographical, Topographical and Climatic Conditions Related To Planning 04
11 Land use Planning Theories of Patrick Geddes 02
12 Land use Planning Theories of Ebenezer Howards 03
13 Land use Planning Theories of Lewis Mumford 02
14 Land use Planning Theories of C.A. Doxiadis 02
15 Land use Planning Theories of Le-Corbusier 02
16 Land use Planning Theories of Frank Lloyd Wright 02

3. S # Contents Page
1 Introduction To Planning 05
2 Definitions & Terms 06-08
3 Principles of Planning 09
4 Planning & Its Relationship With Other Professions 10-11
5 Levels Of Planning 12-17
6 Functions of Planners (Role of planners) 18-19
7 Geographical, Topographical & Climatic Conditions
Related To Planning
20-23
8 Land Use Planning Theories of Patrick Geddes 24-29
9 Land Use Planning Theories of Ebenezer Howard 30-32
10 Land Use Planning Theories of Lewis Mumford 33-34
11 Land Use Planning Theories Of C.A Doxiadis 35-37
12 Land Use Planning Theories of Frank Lloyd Wright 38-40

4. Planning means to make things in a
well and organized manners to plan
or to secure the future. Planning is
most important term used for the
development and progress of a
country’s economy and to overcome
the problem of growing population
and to give basic infrastructure to
people and to facilitate them in every
walk of life.

5. Green Building
Development that minimizes energy
consumption and minimizes pollution and the
generation of wastes, while maximizing the re-
use of materials and creating healthful indoor
environments .
Green Ways
Natural areas that take the form of corridors,
often following streams or rivers, and provide
opportunities for trails and bike paths
connecting scenic areas and other destinations.

6. Livable Neighborhoods
Neighborhoods that offer a good quality of life
for their residents. Livable neighborhoods are
characterized by safety, decent and affordable
housing, high-quality services and shopping,
good schools, economic opportunities, and
opportunities for healthy living.
New Urbanism
An approach to urban planning that advocates
integrating housing, workplaces, shopping,
and recreation areas into compact, pedestrian-
friendly, mixed-use neighborhoods linked by
transit and bikeways. New urbanism
development is characterized by buildings
placed directly along relatively narrow
streets, with parking and driveways located to
the rear, complemented by pedestrian-
oriented amenities such as front porches and
sidewalk cafes.

7. Smart Growth
Metropolitan area development characterized
by compact, mixed-used districts, efficient use
of land and infrastructure, choices in travel
mode, and protection of environmental
resources and open space
Sustainable Development
Development that maintains or enhances
economic opportunity and community well-
being while protecting and restoring the natural
environment upon which people and economies
depend. Characteristics of sustainable
communities include compact mixed-use
development, green building,transit-oriented
development, pedestrian-friendly and bicycle-
friendly neighborhoods, common open space,
and diversity in housing opportunities.

8. Transportation:-
The scope of city planning consists of principally in fixing the baselines of all
traffic movements and transit facilities, including streets, railroads and canals. These
transit facilities have to be treated liberally and systematically.
Road Networking:-
The street network should be planned in such a way that the main streets
with the existing streets have to be given greater consideration: the auxiliary streets
have to be fixed based on local conditions: and in addition, other subordinate streets
have to be treated in accordance with the necessities of the immediate future, or
with a wish of placing their development in the hands of interested property owners.
Control & Considerations:-
The building departments have to adhere to by some rights and privileges
related to fire protection; freedom from interference; health and safety of buildings
and all aesthetic considerations. This department should also consider the
neighborly relations of two residences and tenant and house-owner relations while
developing a site.
Supervision Over Activities:-
The municipality has to constantly supervise the activities of interested property
owners associations, in regard to the improvement of certain sections.

9. 4. PLANNING AND ITS
RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER
PROFESSIONS
1. CRP WITH ARCHITECTURE
They both work in the same field but they have different
duties to perform a planner is used to handle larger area
while the architecture used to handle the particular area
and to visualize the particular area and to bring it into
reality.
2. CRP WITH CIVIL ENGINEERING
A planner divides the area into many segments and portion
like given in above relationship then a civil engineer
implement on that and he construct those places are areas
by deciding that how much amount of material and which
quality of material they required to build up those buildings
like cement bricks, sand and marble.

10. 3. CRP WITH SURVEYING
A planner makes plans for different sites and
areas while the surveyors visit those areas and
after having detailed critical inspection of
those areas. He gives a punch of instructions to
the planner before planning of any sites or
place.
4. CRP WITH SOCIOLOGIST
A planner makes planes for buildings and
different areas for living purpose and
sociologist brings stability among the different
communities and classes in that areas. He
solves the problems of society and he maintain
unity and equality among the people of society
weather they are rich, middle class or the poor.

11. 5. Levels of planning
There are Five levels of
planning
1 . Local level planning
2 . Country level planning
3 . Regional planning
4 . National planning
5 . International planning

12. LOCAL PLANNING
The development plan of a city or
a town is prepared by keeping in
view the local conditions. It aims
at proper distribution of
population density, regulation of
traffic, location of shopping and
recreation center etc.
It is quite evident that local
planning will be greatly
influenced by economic
conditions and finances available
for the development of the town.

13. COUNTRY PLANNING
The area surrounding a town cannot
be allowed to develop in a
haphazard way. Generally a town is
surrounded by villages and rural
planning becomes necessary for the
proper functioning of the town. For
this purpose, the surrounding
villages should be linked up with
suitable transport facilities . It
should be remembered that country
planning and town planning are
complementary to each other they
cannot be treated as two
independent separate entities.

14. REGIONAL PLANNING
The term regional planning
is used to include
proposals in a region for
the distribution of
population and industry ,
transport facilities, rural
services , village industries,
etc.
A Town or a city cannot be
isolated from its
surrounding region.
Hence , regional planning
helps in controlling and
reshaping the growth of
major town in the region.

15. NATIONAL PLANNING
The term national planning
suggests the setting up of
the planning procedure on
a national level and it takes
into consideration the
potentialities in various
fields of a nation as a
whole.
By proper and careful
national, the resources of a
nation can be utilized in the
best possible manner.

16. INTERNATIONAL PLANNING
With the establishment of United Nations
Organization (UNO), international
planning come into existence and efforts
are made at international level to
promote good will and co-operation
between different countries of the world.
Various agencies appointed by UNO
conduct surveys in various fields of human
life such as health, education food etc.
The study of such surveys helps in finding
out remedies of complicated problems at
international level.

17. 6. Roles of the Planner
Strategic Planners assist the Chairman / CEO to make confidential strategic
decisions.
They do special one off research / studies into areas which fall outside the
mandate of the divisions.
They also act as internal consultants to the leaders of the different divisions in the
organization.
Research
Planners provide up to date research to the top management of the organization
on the following trends.
External Environment trends – PEST factors that might affect the strategy /
functioning of the organization. .
Business Trends – Policies and Practices adopted by leading organizations in the
industry.
Market research – Includes customer surveys and other methods of research to
identify customer needs and expectations. Usually outsourced to a market
research organization.
Competitor Research – Maintain a comprehensive database of competitor
strategies and information on competitor key customers and human resource
personnel.
The Planning team keeps up to date with new methods of doing strategic
planning itself.

18. Systems Integrator and Coordinator
Usually organizations have the following
functions interlinked.
Strategic planning
Business planning
Budgeting
Performance
management/reward/compensation
Reporting
Measurement.
The Planner works in coordination with the
division heads to ensure that the planning and
measurement systems work together. The
planner also ensures that there is no
duplication between the plans made by the
various divisions in the organization
Monitoring of Strategy
Works with change specialists to
ensure that both the content and the
spirit of the strategic plan are being
implemented.
Any barriers which occur, the planner
helps teams to remove these barriers.
This may necessitate a change in
structures and systems.

19. GEOGRAPHY
Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments.
Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earth's surface and the human societies
spread across it.
RELATIONWITHPLANING
Urban planning refers both to collective
actions that shape and
developed to guide urban growth and
improve the conditions of industrial cities.

20. Planning overlaps with geography when it examines the spaces of
everyday life, spatial relationships among its different dimensions, and
the processes that create them. Urban planning research and practice
also engages with public action and policy. How to address market
failures, look out for collective interests, and work toward greater equity
and better conditions for disadvantaged residents are core tenets of
planning practice
Although planners are quick to note planning failures, they have been
slower to develop critical analyses of how planning is implicated in the
intersectional production of colonial power and gendered, radicalized
settlements than activists and researchers in geography and affiliated
disciplines, and they have been less observant of planning’s role in
concentrating rather than redistributing wealth.
the scope of urban planning has expanded to incorporate issues ranging
from the transition to renewable energy sources, restoring fragmented
ecological systems, mitigating climate change, and increased
environmental vulnerability to cultural heritage preservation and living
together in situations of hyper diversity. Increasingly, planning scholars
and practitioners have also recognized the importance of widespread
informal urbanization. economic development and environmental
planning, among others

21. TOPOGRAPHY
Topography is the study of the shape and features of the surface of
the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including
planets, moons, and asteroids. The topography of an area could refer
to the surface shapes and features themselves, or a description
(especially their depiction in maps)
RELATION WITH PLANING:-
topography related to planning because it helps in studying surface
shape features and level of earth.
It is helpful for a planner to study the artificial as well as natural
features of earth and not only understand local history but the
culture of a particular landform.
In planning it is key point to know quality of surface and
identification of specific landform. The graphical representation is
done by a planner by using different techniques in order to show
the landform and features.

22. Climate
Climate is a measure of average pattern of variation in temperature humidity atmospheric
pressure wind and other metrological variables in a given region of a long period of time.
RELATION WITH PLANING
A region's climate is generated by the
climate system, which has five
components: atmosphere, hydrosphere,
cryosphere , lithosphere, and biosphere.
The climate of a location is affected by its
latitude, terrain, and altitude, as well as
nearby water bodies and their currents.
The affection of climate by altitude, latitude and terrain as well as water bodies is studied by
a planner into plan in such way that it gives an affect are made useful not to harmful for any
community residing in any part of the region or city. As climate is changing due to global
warming thus a planner deeply study the climate in order to provide such planning which is
beneficial for today and also fulfills the future requirements and changes.

23. The Scottish sociologist, biologist, educator,
and town planner Sir Patrick Geddes (1854-
1932) is famous for his concepts and
achievements in town planning.

24. Geddes Publication
Patrick Geddes, born in Ballater on Oct. 2, 1854, was brought up near
Perth. Through boyhood explorations of Perthshire and the
Highlands, Patrick learned to see rural and urban life as a whole and
began to study all living things, including man, in relation to their
environment. He graduated from Perth Academy at 16.
After an 18-month apprenticeship in a local bank, Geddes began
studies of chemistry, geology, and biology, along with drawing and
cabinetmaking.
At 20, however, he found his real goal—zoology under T. H. Huxley.
Then, while on an expedition to Mexico, a crisis of temporary
blindness turned him from "eye-minded" extrovert into philosophical
classifier of sciences and inventor of graphic "thinking machines"
from folded sheets of paper. Thus arose his combination of Auguste
Comte's sociology with Frédéric Le Play's occupational economics of
Place-Work-Family into his own graphic double-action formula of
PLACE WORK FOLK* FOLK WORK PLACE

25. Place*Work*Folk::Folk*Work*Place.
Returning to Scotland in April 1880 with weakened eyes which thereafter kept him from the
microscope, Geddes became an inspiring lecturer in botany at Edinburgh University and
carried on an incredibly varied intellectual and practical life. He urged the application of
energy and biology concepts to statistics and economics; lectured on cooperation and
socialism, capital, and labor; and campaigned for university extension and other educational
reforms.

26. Returning to Scotland in April 1880 with weakened eyes which
thereafter kept him from the microscope, Geddes became an
inspiring lecturer in botany at Edinburgh University and carried on an
incredibly varied intellectual and practical life. He urged the
application of energy and biology concepts to statistics and
economics; lectured on cooperation and socialism, capital, and
labor; and campaigned for university extension and other
educational reforms.
In 1886 Geddes married Anna Morton, a gifted musician, and they
founded the Edinburgh Social Union. Moving into a workers'
tenement, they cleaned up by example and personal labor many of
the worst slum dwellings along the Royal Mile.
Accepting a part-time professorship in botany at University College,
Dundee, in 1888 (held until 1919), Geddes organized the first
summer schools in Europe at Edinburgh (1887-1898) and founded
the Outlook Tower (1892) as "the world's first sociological
laboratory." Here also came into focus his town planning concepts of
civic and regional survey, or "diagnosis before treatment," and of
"conservative surgery" instead of wholesale destruction of slum
areas.
OUTLOOKTOWER

27. In 1897 Geddes and his wife went to Cyprus as private "economic missionaries," reclaiming arid farmlands and
starting rural industries as realistic answers to the unsolved "Eastern question" of blundering colonial
politicians.
In 1899 and 1900 he made lecture tours of the United States, organizing meanwhile the American
Section of the International School at the Paris Exposition of 1900. In
Paris he launched a bold plan for preserving the best national
pavilions of the "Rue des Nations" as permanent international
museums and institutes—a UNESCO nearly 50 years ahead of its
time! Impossible of realization then, the project has since been
termed the greatest of Geddes's "magnificent failures." Another of
these
Was his epoch-making survey of Dunfermline in 1903-1904 for the Scottish trustees of Andrew Carnegie's
$2,500,000 gift to his birthplace. Rejected by them but published at Geddes's own expense, the resulting
Study in City Development is today a classic of Geddesian thought and planning methods.
The decade 1914-1924 took Geddes to India and Palestine. He made diagnosis-and-treatment surveys of
some 50 Indian urban areas. Among these his 2-volume Town Planning towards City Development for Indore
in 1918 vies with his 1915 classic, Cities in Evolution, in awakening citizens as well as planners to the
practical significance of his P*W*F::F*W*P formula. Both works are seasoned with neologisms coined to
express new concepts, such as "paleotechnics," "neotechnics," "biotechnics," "conurbation," "megalopolis,"
"kakatopia," and "eutopia."

28. In 1919 he gave his farewell address at Dundee, then accepted
the chair of sociology and civics at the University of Bombay.
Returning to India via Jerusalem, he there made city plans for
the military governor and designed a university for the Zionists
which, had they built it, would have given the world a model
of interdisciplinary and interfaith higher education that might
well have provided solutions to age-old Arab-Jewish-Christian
conflicts.
TheValleySection
In 1924 serious illness forced Geddes's return to Europe, but
on reaching southern France he made a remarkable
recovery and was soon building a small-scale Outlook
Tower and University Hall near Montpellier. In 1925 he
could thus open his final project, the Scots College, as the
first unit of a Mediterranean "Cité Universitaire." The New
Year's Honors of 1932 listed Geddes as Sir Patrick for his
services to education. He died in Montpellier on April 17,
1932.

29. He was born in 29 January 1850 and
was died in 01 may 1928.He is known
for his publication garden city of to –
morrow 1898, the description of Utopian
city in city in which people live
harmoniously together with nature . the
publication resulted in the founding of
the garden city movement that realized
several Garden cities in Great Britain at
the beginning of the twentieth century .
Billerica Garden suburb Inc. (1914) was
the first housing in the united states on
the Howard plan.

30. Early life
Ebenezer Howard was born in fore street city of London , the son of a shopkeeper .He
was sent to school in Suffolk and Hertfordshire , and subsequently had several clerical
jobs including one with Dr. Parker of the city temple . In 1871 , at the age of 21
influenced partly by a farming uncle Howard emigrated with two friends to America. He
went to Nebraska but soon discovered that he did not wish to be a farmer he then
relocated to Chicago and worked as a reporter for the courts and news paper.
The Original garden city concept by Ebenezer
Howard, 1902
Howard read widely including Edward Bellamy’s 1888
utopian novel looking Backward, and Henry Georg's
economic treatise progress and poverty and thought much
about social issues. He disliked the way modern cities were
being developed and thought people should live in place
that should combine the best aspects of both cities and
towns.

31. Howard’s three magnets diagram
In 1899 he funded the garden cities association known now as the town and
country planning association and oldest environment charity in England.

32. 10. LewisMumford
Born October 19, 1895
Flushing, New York, USA
Died January 26, 1990
(aged 94)
Amenia, New York, USA
Occupation  Historian
 Writer
Nationality American
Genre  History
 Philosophy
Notable works The City in History
Technics and Civilization
The Myth of the Machine

33. Lewis Mumford and American Modernism examines career and writings of America's
leading critic of architecture and urbanism. The author of numerous books on the
history of architecture, Mumford focused on the roles that technology and urbanism
have played in modern civilization. Indeed, his writings have proved to be prescient,
forming the basis for architecture and urban planning at a time of transition and
redefinition at the end of the twentieth century.
In “What is a City?’ by Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), Mumford defines cities through an
analogy to the performance arts: “the city is above all else a theater of social action.”
He describes the need for planning to effectively account for a city’s relationship to the
national environment and to the spiritual values of the communities within it, more so
than the physical designs and economic functions.
Planners need to recognize the social nucleus of cities as the inter-relationship of
schools, theaters, community centers and the like, because those are what lay the
outlines of an integrated city. Mumford suggested limitations on population, density
and urban growth to promote efficiency; he championed Ebenezer Howard’s Garden
City ideal with his work on poly-nucleated cities.

34. Doxiadis graduated in
architectural
engineering from the
technical university of
athens in 1935.
A doctorate from Charlottenburg university [today
technical university of Berlin] a year later. In 1937 he
was a pointed chief town planning officer for the
greater Athens area. During world war ll he held the
post of head of the department of Regional and
Town planning in the ministry of public works. He
took part in the Greek resistance and was decorated
by the Greek and British government. He
distinguished himself as Minister of reconstruction at
the end of the war and it was this experience that
allowed him in the 1950 to gain large housing
contracts in dozens countries.
In 1951 he founded Doxiadis
Association, a private firm of consulting
engineering, which grew rapidly until it had offices
of five continents and projects in 40 countries. In
1963 the company changed its name to DA
international co. ltd. Consultants on Development
and Ekistics.

35. THEORIES:
Doxiadis proposed
ekistics as a science of human
settlement and outline its
scope, aims, intellectual
framework and relevance. A
major incentive for the
development of the science is
the emergence of increasingly
large and complex of
settlement, tending to regional
conurbations and even to a
worldwide city [doxiadis uses
the word ecumenopolis ] .
However Ekistics aims to
encompass all scale of human
habitation and seeks to learn
from the archaeological and
historical record by looking not
only at great cities, but, as
much as possible, at the total
settlement pattern.

36. Influence
In the 1960s and 1970s urban planner and architect konstantinos
Apostols Doxiadis (Constantinos Doxiadis) authored books, studies and
report including those regarding those regarding the growth potential of
the Great lakes Megalopolis the peak of his popularity ,in the 1960s, he
addressed the us congress on the future of American cities ,his portrait
illustrated the front cover of time magazine his company doxiadis
associates was implementing lag project in housing urban and regional
development in more than 40 countries. His computer Centre was at the
cutting edge of the computer technology of his time and at his annual
Delos symposium the world society of ekistics attractive world foremost
thinkers and experts.

38. ABOUT LIFE HISTORY AND ITS MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS
Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American
architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532
of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with
humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy
wasbest exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of
American architecture".[1] Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture
and developed the concept of the Usonian home, his unique vision for urban planning in the
United States.
His work includes original and innovative examples of many building types, including offices,
churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, and museums. Wright also designed many of the interior
elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass. Wright wrote 20 books and
many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. His colorful
personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin
studio. Already well known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American
Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect.
Wright used different basic geometrical forms, usually squares and rectangles to produce the
distinctive forms particularly in regards to the prairie house designs.
Wright's "Organic" approach to designs of the exteriors were also carried to that of the
interiors.
In this way, Wright is considered to be very much part of the modernist agenda in the early
twentieth century architecture.
Wright's design solution was to view all details of a structure as the product of a single
independent mind-including all major and minor ornamental and symbolic elements.